.词汇词汇1 The last _ (部部 分分 ) sums up all the arguments on either side.2The soil was washed away by the flood, exposing _ (光秃秃的光秃秃的) rock.3Many _ (空空的的) spaces are still left in the suburbs.4Plain, simple clothes are a _ for school wear.5He gave me an apple in e_ for an orange.答答案案：1.section 2.bare 3.blank 4.appropriate5.exchange.短语短语1作为交换作为交换_2对某事是适当的对某事是适当的_3到到时候时候_4如此如此以致以致_5as.as one can _6used to _7by chance _8be good at _答答案案：1.in exchange for2.be appropriate to/for sth3.by the time.4.so.that.5.尽尽可可能能6.过过去去常常常常7.偶偶然地；碰巧地然地；碰巧地8.擅长于擅长于1appropriate (adj.)(for/to sth) 合适的；适当的合适的；适当的She picked up a dress appropriate for the occasion.她挑了一件适合她挑了一件适合该场合穿的衣服。合穿的衣服。Write in a style appropriate to your subject.用与你的用与你的题目相称的体裁写。目相称的体裁写。Is now an appropriate time to make a speech?现在在发表演表演讲是不是是不是时候？候？【词语辨析词语辨析】appropriate, proper, fit, suitable这些形容词均表示这些形容词均表示“适当的适当的”或或“适合的适合的”之意。之意。1)appropriate指指专专门门适适合合于于某某人人或或某某事事，语语气气较较重重，强调强调“恰如其分恰如其分”。His casual clothes were not appropriate for such a formal occasion.他的便服，不适宜在这样正式的场合穿。他的便服，不适宜在这样正式的场合穿。2)proper往往往往侧重重于于符符合合某某个个标准准或或习惯。描描写写的的是是与与伦理理、风俗俗或或礼礼仪相相符符而而和和谐的的或或是是自自然然的的， 含含有有生生来来就具就具备适宜性适宜性质的含的含义。 Theyll visit the country again at a proper time.他他们将在适当的将在适当的时间再次再次访问这个国家。个国家。3)fit指指具具有有适适合合于于某某个个目目的的，某某种种工工作作或或某某种种用用途途等等必需的品必需的品质或条件。或条件。After the interview, the employer concluded that she was fit for the job.面面试后老板下后老板下结论说她能她能胜任任这项工作。工作。4)suitable指指具具有有适适合合于于某某种种特特定定场合合、地地位位或或情情况况等等的品的品质。This toy is not suitable for young children.这个玩具不适合小孩玩。个玩具不适合小孩玩。【知识运用知识运用】采用采用appropriate, proper, fit或或suitable填空：填空：This food is not_for your visitors.His mother has trained him to be a very_young man.The book was written in a style_to the age of the children.The house is not_for you to live in.The pages arent in_order.He was just not_for the job.You will be informed of the details at the_time.答案：答案：fit译文：这食物对你的客人来说不合适。译文：这食物对你的客人来说不合适。proper译译文文：他他的的母母亲亲已已经经把把他他训训练练成成循循规规蹈蹈矩矩的人。的人。appropriate译文：这本书的文体适合儿童阅读。译文：这本书的文体适合儿童阅读。fit译文：那幢房子不适合你住。译文：那幢房子不适合你住。proper译文：这些页数次序不对。译文：这些页数次序不对。suitable/fit译文：他就是不适合干这份工作。译文：他就是不适合干这份工作。appropriate/proper译译文文：在在适适当当的的时时候候将将把把详详情告诉你。情告诉你。2exchange1)v.(1)sth (with sb) 交换；交流；调换交换；交流；调换We exchanged our opinions about the event at the meeting.在会上，我们就此事交换了意见。在会上，我们就此事交换了意见。(2)A for B 兑换；交易；更换兑换；交易；更换Id like to exchange some pounds for dollars.我想把一些英镑兑换成美金。我想把一些英镑兑换成美金。2)n.(1)C & U 交交换；互；互换；交流；交流；调换An exchange of opinions is helpful.相互交相互交换意意见是有益的。是有益的。(2)C 交交谈；对话；争；争论The Prime Minister was involved in a heated exchange with opposition MPs.首相参与了和下院反首相参与了和下院反对党党议员的激烈的激烈辩论。(3)U 兑换；汇兑What is the rate of exchange between the pound and the dollar?英英镑与美元的与美元的兑换率是多少？率是多少？(4)C(不同国家或不同国家或团体之体之间的的)交流、互交流、互访The technical cooperation and cultural exchanges between the two countries are daily on the increase.两国之两国之间的技的技术合作和文化交流正在与日俱增。合作和文化交流正在与日俱增。【知识拓展知识拓展】1)in exchange for 以以换换He gave me an apple in exchange of an orange.他给我一个苹果，交换一个橙子。他给我一个苹果，交换一个橙子。2)make an exchange 交换交换When an owner is interested in others property instead of his own, he accordingly tries to make an exchange.当当财财产产权权利利者者对对他他们们的的某某一一财财产产产产生生兴兴趣趣，而而对对自自己己所所拥拥有有的的财财产产失失去去经经营营价价值值时时，他他就就想想用用自自己己的的财财产产换换取取他所感兴趣的财产。他所感兴趣的财产。3)on the stock exchange 在在证券券交交易易上上， 在在证券券买卖上上Heavy gains were recorded on the Stock Exchange today.今日股票价格大幅上升。今日股票价格大幅上升。4)exchange words 争吵，争吵， 吵架吵架They exchanged angry words before the meeting but were finally persuaded to agree.他他们在会在会议前争吵起来，前争吵起来， 经劝说最后言最后言归于好。于好。【知识运用知识运用】(1)(2010湖湖北北30) It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money _ favors to them. A. in preference toB. in place of C. in agreement with D. in exchange for 答答案案：D本本题题题题意意：公公职职人人员员向向人人们们索索取取礼礼品品或或金金钱钱进进行行利利益益交交换换是是违违法法的的。in exchange for 表表示示“作作为为.的交换；的交换；(以以)交换交换”。(2)This will give us an opportunity to talk about investment and_views. Do let me know if you can make it.Aexpress BtransformCexchange Dswitch答答案案：C本本题题意意：这将将为我我们论讨投投资问题和和交交换意意见提提供供良良好好的的机机会会。望望提提前前通通知知我我您您能能否否出出席席。exchange表示表示“交交换；交流；交流；调换”。3blank (adj.)1)空白的空白的He handed me a blank check.他递给我一张空白支票。他递给我一张空白支票。2)空的；无图画空的；无图画(或标记、装饰或标记、装饰)的的Suddenly the screen went blank.屏幕突然变成一片空白。屏幕突然变成一片空白。3)没表情的、不理解的、不感兴趣的没表情的、不理解的、不感兴趣的I tried to tell her the truth, but she just gave me a blank look.我想告诉她事实真相，但她只是莫名其妙地看看我。我想告诉她事实真相，但她只是莫名其妙地看看我。 3blank (adj.)1)空白的空白的He handed me a blank check.他递给我一张空白支票。他递给我一张空白支票。2)空的；无图画空的；无图画(或标记、装饰或标记、装饰)的的Suddenly the screen went blank.屏幕突然变成一片空白。屏幕突然变成一片空白。3)没表情的、不理解的、不感兴趣的没表情的、不理解的、不感兴趣的I tried to tell her the truth, but she just gave me a blank look.我想告诉她事实真相，但她只是莫名其妙地看看我。我想告诉她事实真相，但她只是莫名其妙地看看我。 【词语辨析词语辨析】blank, open, empty, hollow这些形容些形容词都有都有“空的空的”之意。之意。1)blank指指上上面面没没有有写写字字、印印刷刷或或做做记号号的的空空白白表表面面，或指上面留着准或指上面留着准备被填写的空白被填写的空白处。Write your name, address and telephone number in the blank spaces at the top of the page.在在这一一页顶的空白的空白处写上你的姓名、地址和写上你的姓名、地址和电话号号码。2)open指未被占有，从而可被指未被占有，从而可被别人得到的。人得到的。In front of us we saw a stretch of open fields.我我们看到在我看到在我们的身前是一片开的身前是一片开阔的田野。的田野。3)empty指空无一人或一物，或空洞无意指空无一人或一物，或空洞无意义的。的。The streets were almost empty.街上几乎空无一人。街上几乎空无一人。4)hollow指物体中指物体中间是空的。是空的。This tree looks high and strong but actually its trunk is hollow.这棵棵树看起来又高又壮，看起来又高又壮，实际上上树干是空的。干是空的。【知识运用知识运用】采用采用blank, open, empty或或hollow填空：填空：These chocolate eggs are all_.He didnt want to retire and lead a/an_life.Write on one side of the page and leave the other side_.I cant think where Ive left my umbrella; my minds a complete_！Im not convinced your idea will work, but Ill keep a/an_mind for the moment.Looking at a paper assignment, my mind often went_：ANY topics in ancient Greek history?The position is still_.If we politely request another table in an otherwise_restaurant, we expect to be accommodated.答案：答案：hollow译文：这些巧克力蛋都是空心的。译文：这些巧克力蛋都是空心的。empty译文：他不想退休过空虚的生活。译文：他不想退休过空虚的生活。blank译文：在这页的一边写字，译文：在这页的一边写字， 另一边空着。另一边空着。blank译译文文：我我想想不不起起来来把把伞伞丢丢在在哪哪儿儿了了， 一一点点印象都没有！印象都没有！open译译文文：我我还还没没想想通通是是否否你你的的意意见见可可行行，不不过过我先考虑一下。我先考虑一下。blank译译文文：当当我我看看着着布布置置下下来来的的论论文文时时，脑脑子子里往往是一片空白：有关古希腊史的里往往是一片空白：有关古希腊史的“任何任何”题目？题目？open译文：那个文：那个职位仍空缺着。位仍空缺着。empty译文文：在在人人少少的的餐餐馆，我我们如如果果礼礼貌貌地地要要求求换另一个座位另一个座位时，我，我们希望服希望服务员接受我接受我们的要求。的要求。虚拟语气虚拟语气(2)1虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用1)主语从句主语从句 在在it is a pity, it is a shame, it is no wonder, it is strange, it is natural, it is necessary, it is important, it is impossible, it is surprising, it is desired, it is suggested, it was ordered, it has been decided, it is demanded, it is insisted, it is requested等结构后面的主语从句中。等结构后面的主语从句中。It is necessary that the problem(should)be discussed at once.立刻立刻讨论这个个问题很有必要。很有必要。 It has been decided that the meeting(should)be put off.已已经决定推决定推迟这个会个会议。2)宾语从句从句 一一些些含含有有假假设，猜猜想想，建建议等等意意思思的的动词后后面面的的宾语从从句句要要用用“should动词原原形形”结构构，should往往往往可可以以省省略略。这类动词有有：advise, arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, require, request, suggest等。等。 She commanded that we(should)attack at once. 她命令我她命令我们必必须立刻立刻进攻。攻。 I demand that John go there at once.我要求我要求约翰必翰必须立刻到那儿去。立刻到那儿去。3)表表语从句以及同位从句以及同位语从句从句在在名名词suggestion, order, proposal, demand, plan, idea, desire, advice, decision等后面的表等后面的表语从句或同位从句或同位语从句中。从句中。My suggestion is that we(should)go and help him. 我的建我的建议是我是我们应该去帮助他。去帮助他。 It is our idea that she(should)go to America for further education.我我们的看法是她的看法是她应该去美国去美国进修。修。2特殊特殊结构构1)Its(high, about)time that.It is time that somebody taught you/should teach you to behave yourself.该有人来教一教你怎有人来教一教你怎样规矩一些。矩一些。Its time I went and picked my girl from school.我我该去学校接我的女儿了。去学校接我的女儿了。2)as if/though.He talked as if/though he had been there before.他他讲起起话来就好像他以前去来就好像他以前去过那似的。那似的。 Ive loved you as if you were my son.我一直我一直爱你就仿佛你是我的儿子。你就仿佛你是我的儿子。3)would rather sb did/had done.I would rather you came tomorrow than today.我希望你是今天来而不是明天来。我希望你是今天来而不是明天来。I would rather you had not made any comment on the issue at the meeting.我宁愿你在会我宁愿你在会议上上对这个个问题不不发表任何表任何评论。4)I wish that sb did/had done/would do(wish自自身身的的时态并不影响从句并不影响从句谓语动词的形式。的形式。)I wish that I knew something about programming.我希望我懂一点程序我希望我懂一点程序设计就好了。就好了。I wish I had not spoken like that.我希望我没那我希望我没那样讲。I wish that you would get younger and younger.但愿你越来越年但愿你越来越年轻。5)if only.If only I had not been busy last week!要是上周我不忙要是上周我不忙该多好啊！多好啊！If only she knew how I missed her.但愿她知道我多想念她。但愿她知道我多想念她。6)Would you mind if sb did.Would you mind if I opened the window?如果我打开窗如果我打开窗户，你不反，你不反对吧？吧？Would you mind if I took one of the pictures?我拿走一我拿走一张画，你介意画，你介意吗？语法专练语法专练从从A、B、C、D四四个个选选项项中中，选选出出可可以以填填入入空空白白处处的的最佳选项。最佳选项。1(2010江江苏苏34) George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he _ more on its culture.A. focusB. focused C. would focus D. had focused答案：答案：B本题题意：乔治打算讲一讲他们国家的地本题题意：乔治打算讲一讲他们国家的地理，但是我宁愿他重点谈论一下他们国家的文化。如果主理，但是我宁愿他重点谈论一下他们国家的文化。如果主句中含有句中含有would rather, would sooner或或would prefer，则宾，则宾语从句要用过去时表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时语从句要用过去时表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表达希望或婉转的责备。表示过去的情况，表达希望或婉转的责备。2 Would you have called her up had it been possible? Yes, but I_busy doing my homework.Awas BwereChad been Dwould be答答案案：A本本题题意意：“如如果果当当时可可能能的的话，你你会会给她她打打电话吗？”“”“是是的的，但但是是我我当当时忙忙于于做做作作业。”本本题通通过虚虚拟语气气结构构考考查时态。说话人人客客观陈述述了了发生生在在过去去的的一一件事，采用一般件事，采用一般过去去时。3 Jane would never have gone to the party_that Mary would come to see her.Ahas she known Bhad she knownCif she know Dif she has known答答案案：B本本题题意意：如如果果简知知道道玛莉莉来来看看望望她她，她她绝不不会会去去参参加加聚聚会会。在在虚虚拟语气气结构构中中，如如果果条条件件状状语从从句句的的谓语动词中中含含有有were, had, should, 可可以以省省略略连词if, 把把were, had, should放在主放在主语前构成倒装前构成倒装结构。构。4If I_it, I would do it in a different way.Aam to do Bwere to doCdo Dhave done答答案案：B本本题题意意：要要是是我我来来做做这件件事事，我我会会用用不不同同的的方方式式来来做做。表表示示对将将来来不不大大可可能能发生生的的事事情情的的假假想想，主主句句的的谓语动词部部分分可可以以采采用用 should do, were to do或或一一般般过去去时的形式。的形式。5Without air, there_no living things.Awill be Bwouldnt have beenCwould be Dwasnt答答案案：C本本题题意意：如如果果没没有有空空气气的的话，就就不不会会有有生生物物了了。在在虚虚拟语气气结构构中中，有有时假假设的的情情况况并并不不是是采采用用条条件件状状语从从句句表表示示出出来来，而而是是通通过介介词短短语的的形形式式来来表表示示，这属属于于“含含蓄蓄条条件件句句”的的一一种种形形式式。在在本本考考题中中，without air相相当当于于If there were not air，表表达达了了一一个个与与现在在事事实相相反反的的假假设，主主句句的的谓语部部分分采采用用“would/should/might/could动词原形原形”。6I was busy that day. Otherwise I_there with them.Awill have gone Bhad goneChave gone Dwould have gone答答案案：D本本题题意意：我我那那天天很很忙忙，否否则，我我就就和和他他们一一起起去去那那儿儿了了。在在虚虚拟语气气结构构中中，有有时假假设的的情情况况并并不不是是采采用用条条件件状状语从从句句表表示示出出来来，而而是是通通过连词or, otherwise, but, however, but that等等来来表表示示某某种种假假设。在在本本考考题中中，otherwise可可以以被被 If I hadnt been busy that day，.所替所替换，表示与，表示与过去事去事实相反的一个假相反的一个假设。7If he_my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this.Adidnt take Bhasnt takenChadnt taken Ddoesnt take答答案案：C本本题题意意：如如果果他他不不听听取取我我的的建建议，他他就就不不会会干干得得这样好好。在在虚虚拟语气气中中，条条件件从从句句的的动词动作作可可以以和和主主句句的的动词动作作时态不不一一致致，此此时要要根根据据上上下下文文的的意意思思采采用用不不同同的的谓语动词形形式式。这种种现象象称称作作“混混合合型型虚虚拟条条件件句句”。在在本本考考题中中，if从从句句表表达达了了一一个个与与过去去事事实相相反反的的假假设。8 The workers in France demanded that their pay_from the following week on.Awould be raised Bwas raisedCbe raised Dwill be raised答答案案：C本本题题意意：法法国国工工人人要要求求从从下下周周起起提提高高他他们的的工工资薪薪酬酬。在在表表示示命命令令、建建议、要要求求等等一一类动词(如如order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, desire, command, insist, advise等等)动词后后面面的的宾语从从句句中中， 谓语动词应用用(should)do形式。形式。 9His proposal that the system_was rejected.Ashall be changed Bshould be changedCwas changed Dhas been changed答答案案：B本本题题意意：他他提提的的关关于于修修改改制制度度的的建建议被被拒拒绝了了。suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等等名名词后后面面的的表表语从从句句、同同位位语从从句句中中，谓语部部分分采采用用虚虚拟语气气结构，即：构，即：(should)动词原形。原形。 10You dont have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you_on business first.Awent Bhave goneCwill go Dhad gone答答案案：A本本题题意意：你你没没有有必必要要这么么着着急急，我我宁宁愿愿你你先先去去上上班班。would rather(that)sb did/had done.表表示示“宁宁愿愿某某人人”，如如果果表表示示“现在在或或将将来来”时间概概念念，谓语动词采采用用一一般般过去去时；表表达达“过去去”时间概概念念，则采采用用过去去完完成成时。11If only they_me what theyve decided.Atold Bwill tellCwould tell Dtell答答案案：C本本题题意意：但但愿愿他他们能能把把决决定定告告诉我我。if only表表示示“只只要要；要要是是就就好好，但但愿愿”，用用以以表表示示对现在在或或未未来来的的愿愿望望，谓语部部分分采采用用“would/should/might/could动词原原形形”。如如果果用用以以表表示示与与过去去事事实相相反反的的愿愿望望，谓语动词部部分分则采采用用过去去完完成成时。例例如如：If only hed remembered to buy some fruit. 他当他当时要是要是记得得买些水果来些水果来该多好。多好。12We all insist that we_until we finish the work.Anot to rest Bnot restCnot resting Dshould not have rested答答案案：B本本题题意意：大大家家都都坚决决要要求求不不完完工工就就不不休休息息。insist表表示示“坚决决要要求求”，其其后后的的宾语从从句句的的谓语部部分分采采用用“(should)动词原原形形”。注注意意：当当insist表表示示“坚持持说；固固执己己见”，以以后后的的宾语从从句句的的谓语部部分分采采用用“直直陈语气气”。例例如：如：He insisted (that) he was innocent.他他坚持持说他是无辜的。他是无辜的。13I wish I_what was going to happen.Ahad known Bwill knowCknew Dwould know答案：答案：C本题题意：但愿我能知道要发生什么事。本题题意：但愿我能知道要发生什么事。在动词在动词wish后的宾语从句中，从句通常省略连词后的宾语从句中，从句通常省略连词that.表示表示对现在情况的虚拟时，宾语从句的谓语部分采用一般过去对现在情况的虚拟时，宾语从句的谓语部分采用一般过去时或过去进行时时或过去进行时(be动词一般用动词一般用were)。注意：表示对过去。注意：表示对过去情况的虚拟时，动词情况的虚拟时，动词wish后的宾语从句的谓语部分采用后的宾语从句的谓语部分采用“had过去分词过去分词”。例如：。例如：I wish/wished I hadnt spent so much money. 我后悔不该花那么多钱。表示对将来的主我后悔不该花那么多钱。表示对将来的主观愿望时，动词观愿望时，动词wish后的宾语从句的谓语部分采用后的宾语从句的谓语部分采用“would动词原形动词原形”， 此时主句的主语与从句的主语不相同，因此时主句的主语与从句的主语不相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外非动物名词除外)。例如：。例如：I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止。但愿雨能停止。14It seemed to suggest that he_happy to have given his life for his country.Awere BwasCbe Dshould have been答答案案：B本本题题意意：这好好像像表表明明他他为能能为国国捐捐躯躯而而感感到到很很高高兴。suggest表表示示“暗暗示示；表表明明；使使想想到到；使使认为；言下之意言下之意说”时，其后的，其后的宾语从句的从句的谓语部分采用直部分采用直陈语气。气。15It is important that we_.Ashall close the window before we leaveBwill close the window before we leaveCmust close the window before we leaveDclose the window before we leave答答案案：D本本题题题题意意：我我们们离离开开之之前前把把窗窗子子关关上上，这这是是很很重重要要的的。在在it is a pity, it is a shame, it is no wonder, it is strange, it is natural, it is necessary, it is important, it is impossible, it is surprising, it is desired, it is suggested, it was ordered, it has been decided, it is demanded, it is insisted, it is requested等等结结构构后后面面的的主主语语从从句句中中，that所所引引导导的的主主语语从从句句中中的的谓谓语语动动词词常常采采用用“should动动词词原原形形”结构，结构，should可以省略。可以省略。Unit 2 Poems人教版英语同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全来学校和回家的路上要注意安全Unit 2 Poems人教版英语同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全来学校和回家的路上要注意安全