必修5Unit 1Great scientists核心单词characteristiccharactercharacterize1_ n 特征；特性adj. 典型的；独特的_ n特征，性格_ vt.是的特征；以为典型scientificsciencescientist2_ adj.科学的_ n科学_n科学家concludeconclusion3_ vt.& vi.结束；推断出_ n结论；结束4_ vt.分析_ n分析5_ vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n失败6_ adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的n专家；行家analyseanalysisdefeatexpert7_ vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加_n出席，参加attendattendanceexposeexposure8_ vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光_ n暴露9_ n治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗cure10_ n挑战vt.向挑战_n挑战者challengechallenger11_ vt.吸收；吸引；使专心absorb12 _ vt. 认为；怀疑n 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯_ n怀疑_ adj.有疑心的13_ vt.预见；预知suspectsuspicion14_ vt.责备；谴责n过失；责备15_ vt.污染；弄脏_ n污染_adj.受污染的foreseeblamepollute16_ n柄；把手vt.处理；操纵pollution17_ vt.& n连接；联系pollutedhandlelinksuspiciousannounceannouncement18_ vt.宣布；通知_ n通知；宣告instructinstructionconstruct19_ vt.命令；指示；教导_ n教授；传授；指示，说明constructioncontribute20_ vt.建设；修建_ n建设；建筑物21_ vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助_n贡献contributionpositivepositively22_ adj.积极的；肯定的；确实的_adv.积极地；肯定地enthusiasticenthusiasm23_ adj.热情的；热心的_n热心；热情cautiouscaution24_ adj.小心的；谨慎的_ n小心；谨慎rejectrejection25_ vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃_ n拒绝；抛弃常考短语putconclusionexposeblame1_ forward 提出2draw a _ 得出结论link3_.to 使显露；暴露4be to_ 应受到责备5_ down 慢下来apart6_.to.将和联系或连接起来strict7_ from 除之外；此外8(be) _ with.对严格的slowtomakeabsorbedcontribute9lead _ 引起；造成；导致10_ sense 讲得通；有意义11be _ in 专注于12_ to 有助于；为做贡献13_ addition 另外；此外14_ into 调查inlook经典佳句Neithernor1_ its cause _ its cure was understood.人们既不知道其起因，又不知道它的治疗方法。Somany2 _ _ thousands of terrified people died_ _ there was an outbreak.因此每次霍乱爆发时就有成千上万惊恐的人死去。everytime3 A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, likedthe water from the pump so much that she _ _ to her house every day.有一位从宽街搬走的妇女，特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里。haditdeliveredOnlyif4 _ _ you put the sun there did themovements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。课文回顾attendedexposedanto faceJohn Snowa doctor, 1._ (attend) Queen Victoria asher personal physician.But he was willing to help ordinary people2_ (expose) to cholera.Many people died every time therewas 3._ outbreak.He wanted 4._ (face) thechallenge and suggested that either cholera multiplied in the air orpeople 5._ (absorb) this disease into their bodies and thedisease attacked the body.John Snow suspected the 6._(two) was right but he needed evidence.When another outbreak hitabsorbedsecondandtoannouncewas defeatedLondon in 1854 ， he was ready to begin his enquiry 7._tried to get information.He found that most of the deaths were nearthe water pump and the spread of the disease was linked 8._water. With the evidence, he was able to 9._(announcement) that polluted water carried the virus.After that, hesuggested the source of all the water supplies be examined.Finally“King Cholera” 10._ (defeat)scientificconclusionanalysis单句语法填空1Instead of introducing _ (science) theories, hetells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps inorder to keep the readers attention.2In _ (conclude), I like being praised, but Iknow sometimes its not always good.3 The structures of musical pieces are now open toexperimental _ (analyse) as never before.enthusiasticpollutionchallenging4 The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasntdiscouraged and soon got as _ (enthusiasm) as ever.5 The river is polluted and noise is another kind of serious_ (pollute) here.6I found my job_ (challenge)7The _ (announce) of their marriage willappear in the local newspaper next week.announcementabsorbedwhichis8(2016年北京卷阅读理解A)However, when something didinterest me, I could become _ (absorb)9(2017 年新课标卷语法填空)Like anything, it is possibleto have too much of both, _ is not good for the health.10It is he rather than you who _ to blame.1conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出conclude (sth.) with.用结束(某事)conclude.from.从中推断出to conclude 总之；最后conclusion n结论；结束draw/come to/reach a conclusion 得出结论in conclusion 总而言之；总的来说【联想发散】withfromInconclusion表示“总而言之”的其他表达方法还有：in short, in brief,in a word, all in all, to sum up, on the whole 等。运用单句语法填空(1)He concluded his speech _ a famous saying: nopains, no gains.(2)We can conclude _ the last paragraph that peoplesattitude decides the use of technology.(3)_ conclusion, good interpersonal skills are a mustfor our future social life.(4)He drew a _ (conclude) according to thetheory.n失败2defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫suffer defeat 遭受失败辨析defeat, beat 和 win(1)defeat 的宾语是人或集体，尤指在战场上打败敌军或入侵者。(2)beat 的宾语是人或集体，指在游戏或比赛中打败或战胜对手。(3)win 表示“赢得”时，其宾语多为 game, war, prize, match,battle 等词，一般不接人做宾语。运用完成句子，每空一词(1)他们的计划失败并非不够努力，而是缺乏资金。It was a lack of money, not effort, that _ _.defeatedtheirplandefeat(2)正如所预料的一样，我们的棒球队再次失败了。As is expected，our baseball team has suffered another _.(3)上个星期天我们在比赛中打败了他们。beatwonWe _ them in the game last Sunday.(4)我们篮球队最终赢得了这场比赛的胜利。Our basketball team finally _ the match.3expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使受的影响(或熏陶)expose sth./sb./oneself (to.) 使显露或暴露某物/某人/自己exposed adj.(指地方)无遮蔽的；不挡风雨的be exposed to 暴露于【名师指津】在 expose.to 以及 be exposed to 结构中，to 是介词，其后要接名词、代词、动名词。另外，expose 是及物动词，其后必须接宾语或用于被动语态。tobeing exposed运用单句语法填空(1)Dont expose your skin _ direct sunlight, or youllget burnt.exposedexposed(2)Its generally believed that _ (expose) toradiation is rather dangerous.(3)Take care not to keep your children _ (expose)to the bad books, net and magazines.(4)If _ (expose) to very loud music every day,young people may risk going deaf.4absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心absorb ones attention 吸引某人的注意absorb.from.从中吸收be absorbed in 全神贯注于；专注于be absorbed by/into 被吞并；吸引absorbing adj.十分吸引人的；引人入胜的【名师指津】表示“使全神贯注”的短语还有：be lost in, be buried in,fix/focus ones attention on, devote.to, concentrate ones mind on,apply oneself to, be addicted to 等。absorbedAbsorbedabsorbing运用用 absorb 的适当形式填空(1)She seemed totally _ in his book.(2)_ in computer games, he didnt notice me.(3)The film is so _ that nobody left early.1put forward 提出；推荐，提名；提前，把(时钟)往前拨put oneself/sb.forward as 自荐/提名或推荐某人为某职位的候选人put away 把放好/收好put off 推迟；延迟put out 熄灭put up with 忍受【一词多义】(1)They have put forward the date of their wedding by twoweeks.提前(2)As for the problem you put forward in your last letter, Ithink it is a wise choice for you to buy an e-dictionary.提出(3)I think he is fit for the position; therefore, Ill put himforward as a candidate.推荐forwardwithoff(4)You ought to put your watch forward by 5 minutes.拨快运用用适当的介词或副词填空(1)He put _ a new plan.(2)I dont know how his parents put up _ his behavior.(3)Do not put _ till tomorrow what can be enjoyedtoday.2apart from 除之外；此外辨析apart from, except for, except, besides, but for 和 inaddition to(1)apart from 在表示“除外( 别无)”时相当于 exceptfor，但apart from还有“除以外(还)”之意。另外，apart from,except for 都可用于句首，但 except 不能。(2)except 意为“除外”(不包括其后的宾语)。(3)except for 也表示“除以外”，用来表示理由或细节。(4)besides 意为“除了还”(包括其后的宾语)。另外，besides 还可以做副词，表示“并且，而且”。(5)but for 表示“如果不是由于”之意(If it were notfor.或 If it had not been for.)。(6)in addition to 相当于 besides ，表示“除之外，还有”(包括除去内容在内)。运用完成句子，每空一词Apartfrom(1)姑且不论价格，这件衣服也不适合我。_ _ the cost, the dress doesnt suit me.(2)除了名单上的名字之外，还有六个申请人。Besides_ the names on the list, there are six other applicants.用上面的辨析词或短语填空except(3)We go there every day _ Monday.(4)He is a good man _ his bad temper.(5)_ the killed and wounded, many weremissing.except for/apart fromIn addition to/Besides3look into 调查，了解，研究；朝里面看look around/round/about 环顾四周look after 照顾；照料look back on 回顾；回想look down on 轻视look forward to 盼望look out 往外看；注意；当心look through 透过看；浏览look up 抬头看；查阅【名师指津】intoupoutlook into 与 ones face/eyes 等连用，表示“注视”。运用用适当的介词或副词填空(1)There was a fire in the hotel.The cause is now being looked_.(2)You can look _ this word in the dictionary.(3)Look _！ The pan of milk is bubbling over!4make sense 讲得通；有意义make sense of 理解；明白make no sense 没有道理；没有意义in a sense 就某种意义上来说in no sense 绝不是；决非There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没有道理。【联想发散】senseless adj.无意义的；无目的的；无知觉的sensible adj.明智的；理智的；合理的sensitive adj.体贴的；善解人意的；对敏锐的运用完成句子，每空一词Innosense(1)你决不应该灰心丧气。继续努力，你迟早会成功的。_ _ _ should you lose heart; keeptrying and you will make it sooner or later.(2)是语言帮助我塑造了我看待事物、表达想法和理解这个世界的方式。madesenseofin a senseIt was the language that helped shape the way I saw things,expressed ideas, and _ _ _ the world.用 sense 相关短语的适当形式填空makes no sense(3)What you say is true _.no sense(4)That just _ to me.(5)There is _ in getting upset about it now.原句1Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既连词不知道其起因，又不知道它的治疗方法。neither.nor.表示“既不，也不”，连接句中两个相同成分。“就近一 either.or.不是就是致”并列 not only.but also.不仅而且not.but.不是而是运用单句语法填空(1)In autumn, its neither too hot _ too cold.(2)To be honest, I have _ time nor money to attendsuch a party.(3)Not only she but also her husband and daughter_ (see) the film The Monkey King.(4)Either you or one of your students _ (be) to attendthe meeting that is due tomorrow.norneitherhave seenis原句2So many thousands of terrified people died everytime there was an outbreak.因此每次霍乱爆发时就有成千上万惊恐的人死去。every time 引导时间状语从句，意为“每当”，相当于“when”。类似的时间状语有：each time 每次；每当at the time 在时候；在那时any/next/the first/the last time 任何时间/ 下一次/第一次/ 最后一次the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately,directly, instantly 等都可意为“一就”。上面这些词组引导时间状语从句，本身相当于一个连词，其后面不可再加 when。Every/Eachtime运用完成句子，每空一词(1)每次我去看他，他都在专心看书。_ _ I went to see him, he wasabsorbed in reading.themoment/minute(2)我一见到她就把这本书给了她。I gave the book to her _ _ I saw her.(3)他第一次去到那个城市，他就决定在那里安家。_ _ _ he went to the city, he decidedto settle there.Thefirsttime原句3To prevent this from happening again, John Snowsuggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检验。suggest that sb.(should) do sth.表示“建议某人做某事”。(1)主语suggest (表明，暗示)that-clause(动词不需要用虚拟语气)(2)主语suggest (建议，提议)that-clause(动词需要用虚拟语气，即：should动词原形，should 可以省略)(3)若是直接接动词则用 suggest doing sth.，表示“建议做某事”。(should) be handledtakingis运用用所给词的适当形式填空(1)I suggested to him that the problem _(handle) in another way.(2)I suggested _ (take) a walk after supper.(3)His pale face suggests that he _ (be) in a bad state.运用所学语言基础知识，补充完整下面短文，并背诵下来Throughout history, scientists have made great contributions1._ the world.In my opinion, scientists are those who 2_ (be) strictwith their work and are always 3._ (absorb) ineverything they do.toareabsorbedcautiousto testitnoexposedA good scientist never jumps to a conclusion.Instead, he is4._ (caution) of every conclusion he draws so that he doesexperiments again and again 5._ (test) the theory he hasput forward.Scientists keep 6._ in mind that a theorymakes 7._ sense if it cant help the world that is8._ (expose) to unexpected dangers.In addition, a goodtheory must be a base on which other ideas can 9._(build) Because of this, its not rare for us to find scientists who10._ (devotion) all their lives to a universal theory.be builtdevote完形填空(五)完形填空突破方法之逻辑推理法：逻辑推理法是做完形填空题最常用的一种方法。完形填空中有些空格的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和单句的角度考虑均行得通。但由于文章是一个完整的统一体，词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、比较关系和对比关系等。因此，对文章的情节进行逻辑推理，抓住关键信息词语，理顺句与句之间的关系，才能确定合理的答案。在一篇文章中，常有一些关联词语，如表示结构层次的有firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally 等 ； 表 示 因 果 关 系 的 有 thus,therefore, so 等；表示改变话题的有 by the way 等；表示递进关系的有 besides, whats more, further 等；表示时间关系的有 before,so far, meanwhile, later 等；表示转折关系的有 but, however, yet,while, on the other hand, although 等。做题时，如果能充分利用这些关联词语，就可以迅速理清文章脉络，弄清上下文的关系。【例】(2016 年新课标卷).Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and losthis right arm.I went to see him after he came back from44.(hospital)He looked very _45_， but he didnt cry.45A.paleCrelaxedBcalmDashamed解析：A 因为从医院刚回来，身体还未康复，且从“but hedidnt cry”可推知他脸色苍白(pale)。故选A。(2015 年湖北卷)“Daily Star，sir，” called Jason，carrying some newspapersunder his arm.The little boy had been running up and down thestreet, but there were still twenty _31_ left.31A.shopsBcoinsCpeople Dpapers解析：D 根据前文中“carrying some newspapers”可知，此处表示还剩 20 份报纸没卖完。paper 报纸。故选 D。