第第2121讲讲 Unit 21 Human BiologyUnit 21 Human Biology第第2121讲讲Unit 21 Human Unit 21 Human BiologyBiology第第2121讲讲 美文欣赏美文欣赏美文欣赏假设你是校刊英文版的编辑，请你根据下面表格中的内容假设你是校刊英文版的编辑，请你根据下面表格中的内容写一篇题目为写一篇题目为 “Top Meal of the Day” 的文章登在校刊上。现的文章登在校刊上。现状许多高中学生不吃早餐状许多高中学生不吃早餐(skip breakfast)，其结果不仅影响白，其结果不仅影响白天的学习，而且导致身体变差。原因天的学习，而且导致身体变差。原因1.认为早餐不重要，可有认为早餐不重要，可有可无；可无；2早晨时间匆忙，为了节省时间不吃早餐；早晨时间匆忙，为了节省时间不吃早餐；3女孩为女孩为了减肥而不吃早餐。建议每位学生都应该每天吃早餐。原因了减肥而不吃早餐。建议每位学生都应该每天吃早餐。原因(自定，至少两个自定，至少两个)。要求：。要求：1.请按照要求写一篇文章，请按照要求写一篇文章，内容充实，上下文连贯通顺；内容充实，上下文连贯通顺；2.词数：词数：120左右。左右。【精彩美文】 Top Meal of the DayNowadays its common for many highschool students to skip breakfast, leading to both poor school performance and damage to their health.When asked why they skip breakfast, some students say they think of breakfast as the least important meal of the day, and think it unnecessary, while others say they have too little time in the morning to have breakfast.And a third group, mostly girls, say they want to lose weight so they skip 第第2121讲讲 美文欣赏美文欣赏breakfast.We suggest that every student should have breakfast properly every day, since breakfast can provide the necessary energy that one needs every day.In addition, having breakfast can help you to concentrate in class and study more efficiently.第第2121讲讲 美文欣赏美文欣赏【全品点睛】 行文逻辑：描述现状解释原因给出建议。较好地使用了连接词语，如：while，so，in addition等。 词汇短语：运用了较高难度的词汇。如：skip, lead to, provide, concentrate, efficiently等。 句式句法：运用了多样化的句式和句法结构。如：宾语从句，非谓语动词结构在时间状语从句中的运用：When asked why they skip breakfast, some students say they think of breakfast as the least important meal of the day, and think it unnecessary，；第第2121讲讲 美文欣赏美文欣赏包含了虚拟语气的宾语从句，since引导的原因状语从句，that引导的定语从句：We suggest that every student should have breakfast properly every day, since breakfast can provide the necessary energy that one needs every day；非谓语动词以及it作形式主语语法结构的使用：its common for many highschool students to skip breakfast, leading to both poor school performance and damage to their health.第第2121讲讲 美文欣赏美文欣赏基础梳理.单词荟萃单词荟萃1. _ v. 循环，传播循环，传播_n. 循环循环_n. 传播者；循环器；循环小数传播者；循环器；循环小数2. _ vt. 消化消化_ n. 消化消化_ adj. 可消化可消化的，易消化的的，易消化的3. _n. 矿物，矿物质矿物，矿物质_n. 矿，矿井矿，矿井_ n. 矿工矿工4. _ vt. 容忍；忍受容忍；忍受_n. 容忍；容忍；忍受；宽容忍受；宽容_adj. 容忍的；忍受的；宽容的容忍的；忍受的；宽容的第第2121讲讲 基础梳理基础梳理circulatecirculationcirculatordigestdigestiondigestiblemineralmineminertoleratetoleration/tolerancetolerant5. _vt. 反对 _ adj. 相反的 _ n. 反对，对手，反对派6. _ adj. 荣幸的，享受特权的 _ n. 特权7. _ n. 进入，入学 _ v. 进入 _ n. 入口8. _ vt. 款待，对待，治疗 _ n. 款待，待遇，治疗9. _ vt. 禁止，阻止 _ n. 禁止10. _ adj. 系统的，有条理的 _ n. 系统，体系，制度第第2121讲讲 基础梳理基础梳理opposeoppositeopposition privilegedprivilegeentryenterentrancetreattreatmentprohibitprohibitionsystematicsystem.短语检测1碰到 2彻底毁灭 3徒劳地；无用地 4无论如何 5随便地；随机地 6不惜任何代价 7进入，接近 8把变为 9值得 10习惯于 第第2121讲讲 基础梳理基础梳理come acrosswipe outin vainat any rateat randomat all costshave access to turn intobe worth sth.be accustomed to .佳句再现1Many contemporary amateur athletes _world records if they _ the first Olympic Games. 如果参加了首届奥运会，许多当代的业余运动员会打破很多项世界纪录。2. _ all the international effort _, we have to _ there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks. 目前全世界都在努力，所以我们相信将会及时找到方法消灭禽流感。第第2121讲讲 基础梳理基础梳理had taken part inWithbeing madehave faith thatwould have broken 3Many people doubted Armstrongs ability to become a top cyclist again but they _. 很多人怀疑阿姆斯特朗再次成为顶级车手的能力，但他们本没必要担心。4You _for exams at home. 你发现在家复习考试是困难的。5. _it will help us to cure all sorts of illness. 毫无疑问这将有助于我们治愈各种各样的疾病。 第第2121讲讲 基础梳理基础梳理need not have worriedfind it hard to studyThere is no doubt that第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 单词点睛1toleratev. 忍受；容忍忍受；容忍(1) tolerate n./doing容忍，忍受，容许容忍，忍受，容许(2) tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的宽容的，容忍的be tolerant of 容忍容忍tolerantly adv. 宽大地宽大地(3) toleration n. 忍受；宽容忍受；宽容(4) tolerance n. 宽容，忍受宽容，忍受have no tolerance of 对对毫不容忍毫不容忍show tolerance towards sb. 容忍某人容忍某人(5) stand/bear/put up with 忍受，忍耐忍受，忍耐【活学活用】(1) The ice was so thin that it couldnt _ his weight.Astand Bsuffer Ctolerate Dbear(2) Once you become a member of the club, youll have to learn to _ different views and the tastes of the people you meet.Atolerant Btolerate Csuffer Dbear答案 (1)D(2)B第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 2postponevt. 拖延，推迟postpone sth. 推迟某事postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事postpone sth. until/till 把某事推迟到postpone sth. for some time 把某事推迟多久【词语辨析】delay，postpone与put off(1) delay: 普通用词，多指因外界原因推迟或耽误，也可指有意推迟。(2) postpone: 正式用词，语气较强，多指有安排的延期，常指延期到一定的时间。(3) put off: 口语用词，与postpone同义，但较通俗。第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 【活学活用】1根据汉语提示用postpone的相关表述完成句子(1) They have decided _ (推迟开会) for some time.(2) We had to _ (推迟去法国)because our children were ill.2单项填空Lets postpone _ a decision until we have more information.Ato makeBmaking Cmade Dmake解析 Bpostpone后跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语。第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 to postpone holding the meetingpostpone going to France3opposevt. 反对；反抗；阻挠(1) oppose doing sth.反对做某事(2) opposed adj. 反对的；对立的be opposed to 反对(3) opposite adj. 相反的；对面的opposition n. 反对；对立；抵抗come across/meet with opposition 遭到反对第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 【活学活用】1用括号中所给词的适当形式填空(1) The President opposes _ (give)military aid to that country.(2) She remained bitterly _ (oppose)to the idea of moving abroad.第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 givingopposed2单项填空Mary is strongly opposed _ shopping on Sunday because the streets are full of people.Ato goBto goingCof going Dwith going解析 Bbe opposed to doing sth.反对，其中to为介词，后跟名词或动名词。第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 4equipv. 装备；配备(1) equip _ (be equipped with) 用装备equip sb. to do sth. 使某人有能力做某事equip oneself 整装，预备行装(2) equipment n. U装备；设备【注意事项】equipment 为不可数名词，“一件设备”不可说an equipment, 但可用a piece of equipment表达。第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 with【活学活用】1用括号中所给词的适当形式填空(1)The seamen _ (equip) a ship for a voyage.(2)The soldiers _ (equip)with the latest weapons.2单项填空The factory is equipped _ modern machinery and uses the most recent techniques.AwithBonCbutDinto解析 Aequipwith“以配备”，be equipped with modern machinery配备有现代化机械。第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 equippedwere equipped5doubtfuladj. 怀疑的，疑心的；不能确定的，可疑的(1) doubt n&vt. 怀疑beyond/out_doubt (常作插入语)毫无疑问地in doubt 感到怀疑，拿不准；被怀疑，悬而未决no doubt 无疑地，很可能without (a) doubt 无疑地；一定I dont doubt that 我确信I doubt whether/if 我怀疑I have _ doubt that 我确信/毫不怀疑(2) doubtfully adv. 怀疑地；含糊地doubtless adv. 大概，几乎肯定地第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 of no【经典句式】Theres no doubt that/about/of sth. 毫无疑问Theres some doubt whether/if有疑问【注意事项】动词doubt后跟从句时，肯定句中用whether或if引导，疑问句和否定句中用that引导；no doubt后只能由whether引导，不能用if，但可用that引导。如：I doubt whether Tom has taken my watch.我怀疑是不是汤姆拿了我的手表。Do you doubt that Tom has taken my watch?你相信汤姆拿了我的手表吗？第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 【活学活用】1同义句转换(1) Im sure that he will come. _ that he will come.(2) We have some doubt about the result.We are _ about the result.2单项填空Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found.Athat Bwhether CifDwhich解析 Ano doubt后为同位语从句，that作为引导词，不充当句子成分。第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 I dont doubt/have no doubtin doubt/doubtful6abusev&n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂(1)abuse ones power/authority/position滥用职权、地位abuse sb./animals 虐待人/动物drug abuse 滥用毒品a term of abuse 咒骂用语(2)abusive adj. 辱骂的；谩骂的；滥用的第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完成句子(1)What she did was _her position as manager. 她的所作所为是滥用经理职权。(2)He felt they _his trust by talking about him to the press. 他感到他们向报界透露有关他的情况是辜负了他的信任。第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 an abuse ofhad abused2单项填空It has been revealed that some government leaders _ their authority to get illegal profits for themselves.Aemploy Btake Cabuse Dhold解析 C词义辨析题。abuse ones position/authority/power滥用职权。第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 7submitvt. 使顺从，使服从；提交；(法律)认为(1) submit oneself to sth. 顺从submit sth. to sb. 向提交submit that 认为submit to 屈服于(2) submission n. 顺从submissive adj. 服从的；恭顺的第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 【活学活用】1用submit的适当形式填空(1)It is a duty of a soldier _himself to the army.(2)He is the last man _anothers opinion.(3)I _ my resume to the manager before the interview.(4)We will _ ourselves to the courts judgment.第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 to submitto submit tosubmittedsubmit2单项填空He submitted the report _ the matter _ the committee. Aon; for Bto; onCon; to Don; with解析 C考查动词用法。 report on sth.关于的报告；submitto向提交第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 8circumstancen. 情形，情况；(pl.)经济状况；物质环境；(pl.)境遇the whole circumstance全部情况in/under no circumstances 绝不in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下【温馨提示】in/under no circumstances 位于句首时，句子要用倒装结构。第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 【活学活用】1根据汉语提示或意思完成句子(1) _ (在这种情况下)，he couldnt accept the job.(2) In no circumstances _ (你应该把钱借给他)(3) _will China be the first to use nuclear weapons. 中国在任何情况下，都不首先使用核武器。第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 Under/In the circumstancesshould you lend him any moneyIn/Under no circumstances2单项填空We have been told that under no circumstances _ the office telephone for personal affairs.Acan we useBwe can useCwe use Ddid we use解析 A考查词组用法。under no circumstances“在任何情况下都不”，其位于句首时，句子要进行倒装。第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 9declinevt.&vi. 下降，下滑，下倾；衰退，衰落；谢绝n. 衰退；衰败(一般用单数)on the decline在下降；在衰退中fall/go into a decline 衰退第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 【活学活用】(1) Tom _ (拒绝)have lunch with his girlfriend.(2) Steel production has been _ (在衰退中) in these countries.(3) There was _ (下降趋势)in interests in sports. 第第2121讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 declined toon the declinea decline1at all costs不管多大代价，无论如何不管多大代价，无论如何at_ cost不惜任何代价，无论如何不惜任何代价，无论如何at the cost _ 以以为代价为代价 at a cost of 以以的价格的价格at cost 按成本，以成本价格按成本，以成本价格(出售出售)cut/reduce costs 减少日常花销减少日常花销cover the cost of sth. 支付某物的费用支付某物的费用第第2121讲讲 短语储存短语储存 短语储存anyof【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完成句子(1)We must avoid war _.我们必须不惜任何代价避免战争。(2)He saved the children from the fire _. 他舍身把孩子们从大火中救出。(3)The students are given 50 a year to _ books and stationery. 学生每年得到50英镑作为支付书籍和文具的费用。第第2121讲讲 短语储存短语储存 at all costs/at any costat the cost of his lifecover the cost of2单项填空His uncles a car dealer and lets him buy the car _.Aat all costsBat the costCat a cost Dat cost解析 D句意：他的叔叔是个汽车销售商，因此让他按成本价购买。at cost“按成本价格”，符合句意。第第2121讲讲 短语储存短语储存 2go through通过；经受；仔细检查，审查go _ 上涨，上升go out 熄灭；出去go _ 检查；复习go away 走开，离开go down 下落；下沉；下降go off 离开，爆炸第第2121讲讲 短语储存短语储存 up over【活学活用】1用上述短语的适当形式完成句子(1)Id like to have you _ (仔细检查)the books.(2)She _ (经历)one hardship after another.(3)The plan did not _ (通过)(4)These countries _ (已经经受)too many wars.(5)It took us a whole week to _ (通过)the forest.第第2121讲讲 短语储存短语储存 go throughwent throughgo throughhave gone throughgo through2单项填空The police suspected him of carrying drugs so they _ his bag, but found nothing.Alooked throughBwent throughCpulled through Dgot through解析 Blook through浏览；go through经历，通过， 仔细搜查；pull through渡过难关；get through完成，接通。第第2121讲讲 短语储存短语储存 3wipe out彻底毁灭wipe _ 用擦wipe away 擦掉，擦干wipe _ 从擦下去wipe up 用布擦净(液体、污渍等)wipe sth. from ones mind/memory 有意忘记某事物第第2121讲讲 短语储存短语储存 withoff【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完成句子(1)The storm _ the building_ only in two hours. 在两个小时之内，暴风雨把建筑物毁坏了。(2)_ your tears _；believe yourself and try again. 擦掉眼泪，相信自己，再试一次。(3)_ your nose _ your handkerchief!用手帕擦擦你的鼻子！第第2121讲讲 短语储存短语储存 wiped outWipeawayWipewith2单项填空The entire population was _ by the terrible disease.Awiped away Bwiped outCwiped off Dwiped up解析 B考查词组辨析。wipe away擦掉，清除掉；wipe out彻底毁灭；wipe off擦掉，刷掉；wipe up用布擦干。句意：所有的居民都被可怕的疾病夺去了生命。 第第2121讲讲 短语储存短语储存 It seems a real pity that thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance. 由于无知由于无知那些数以千计的本可以受益于中药的人却错过治疗真是很那些数以千计的本可以受益于中药的人却错过治疗真是很可惜。可惜。句型公式句型公式It seems (to sb. )that第第2121讲讲 句型透视句型透视 句型透视【相关句型】(1)It seems (to sb. )that(在某人看来)似乎，好像， 动词seem可根据语境的不同选择不同的时态。(2)It would seem语气稍委婉一些。(3)It seems that“似乎”，可转换成“主语seemto do/to be doing/to have done”句型。(4)It seems as if/as though“看样子似乎是”(可用虚拟语气)。(5)seem like“似乎像”(like是介词)。(6)There seems to be“似乎有”。第第2121讲讲 句型透视句型透视 【活学活用】1改为同义句(1)It seems that she is ill. _ (2)It seemed that he was studying hard. _ (3)It seemed that he had forgotten his real name. _第第2121讲讲 句型透视句型透视 She seems to be ill.He seemed to be studying hard. He seemed to have forgotten his real name.2单项填空 _ have seen the film.AIt seems that heBHe seems that heCHe seems to DIt seems as if答案 C 第第2121讲讲 句型透视句型透视 第第2121讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 跟踪训练.单词拼写单词拼写1After eating too much, we need a walk to digest .2Blood c_ around the body.3His words were followed by a long p_.4I begin to_(寻找寻找)a right way after I get lost in the forest.5The power of the _ (新闻界新闻界) is out of your imagination.irculates ause seekpress.选词填空用下面短语的适当形式填空。at random; in vain; out of breath; at all costs; slow down1The market researchers interviewed people _ in the street.2Remember that youll have got to finish this job by tomorrow _.3It is dangerous to ride a bicycle along an icy road like that, so please _ your bicycle.4It took me only five minutes to get to school this morning. Of course, I was _.第第2121讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 at randomat all costsslow downout of breath5The girl decided to work in the west. Her parents tried to persuade her to change her mind, but _.第第2121讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 in vain.单项填空1Although the Romans couldnt be forced to pay taxes, they couldnt vote _ they agreed to _ a government.Aunless; submit toBuntil; correspond toCwhen; resign to Dwhile; compromise to解析 A很显然，后一个分句是前一个分句的条件状语。句意：除非他们同意顺从于一个政府。submit to 服从于， 屈从于。第第2121讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 2How can they perform their work well under such _？Acircumstances BstateCcase Dsituation解析 A考查名词辨析。句意：在这种情况下，他们依靠什么办法来做好工作？undercircumstances为固定短语，意思为“在情况下”，符合题意。第第2121讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 3Were trying to ring you back, Bryan, but we think we _ your number incorrectly.Alooked up Btook downCworked out Dbrought about解析 B考查词组辨析。look up查阅，朝上看；take down记下；work out计算出，解决；bring about造成，引起。第第2121讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 4. _ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.AIt has BThey have CIt remains DThere remains解析 D考查there be结构。 remain替代了be动词。第第2121讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 5The explorers were told _ themselves with everything they would need for the voyage.Ato associate Bto equipCto relate Dto feed解析 Bequip sb. with sth.“用装备”，符合题意。第第2121讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 6Please insure the goods at our _ against damage in transport.Aprice BworthCcost Dpay解析 Cat ones cost此处表示“付出代价”的意思。第第2121讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 7When I came back, I noticed that he was still sitting in the office.He seemed _ for someone.Awaited Bto have waitedCto be waiting Dto wait解析 C不定式to加进行时态，表示“正在做”。句意：我回来时，他依旧坐在办公室，似乎正在等人。第第2121讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 8I _ the French written papers but failed in the English oral examination.Agot through Blooked through Cwent through Dlived through解析 A考查动词短语辨析。get through通过。句意：我通过了法语笔试，但是英语口试却不及格。look through仔细检查；go through度过； live through经历过。第第2121讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 9Although his efforts were _， he was never disappointed.Ain surprise Bin vain Cin short Din reality解析 B考查介词短语在语境中的运用。in surprise惊讶地；in vain徒劳的；in short简言之；in reality实际上。根据句意“虽然他的一切努力都是枉费，可是他从不气馁”可知，答案为B。第第2121讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 10Betty shows great interest in this poem now, but she thought it boring _ she read it.Aat the first time Bthe first timeCfor the first time Dat first解析 B考查名词引导时间状语从句。the first time在这里作为连词，引导时间状语从句。 第第2121讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) )阅读理解技法指导之词义猜测阅读理解技法指导之词义猜测阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一)阅读理解技阅读理解技法指导之词义猜测法指导之词义猜测 阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测重视词义猜测历年高考都把词义猜测作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题。词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断；既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。一、词义猜测主要的设题方式有：1The underlined words “took off” in paragraph 2 mean “ ”2What does the underlined word “them” in the last paragraph refer to?3The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that .4Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” in the third paragraph?5The underlined phrase “turn his back on” (paragraph 6) most probably means .阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测6By saying “We need them yesterday” (paragraph 7)，Stover means that snakelike robots .二、词义猜测主要的解题策略有：语境猜词、语法猜词和常识猜词。语境即上下文。由于上下文中的生词不是孤立存在的，其词义与句中其他词的词义或具体的语境有着密切的联系。因此在阅读过程中，许多生词的词义可以充分利用上下文中相关的词汇和短语并结合具体的语境来推测。命题者为了考查学生的这种猜词能力，常采用以下几种命题策略：阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测策略1：依据标点符号猜测词义标点符号是词义猜测的最直接，最简单的解答方法。比如，破折号、冒号常常起解释说明的功能，引号和括号有时也起到相同的作用。阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测例1Morning, noon, and night, her tongue was endlessly going, so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the housethe only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked husband.The underlined words “henpecked husband” in the last paragraph probably means a man who .Alikes hunting Bis afraid of hensCloves his wife Dis afraid of his wife阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测【点睛】 D破折号起进一步解释说明的作用。由句前信息 “他为逃避妻子的唠叨而逃到屋外”可知“他是一个怕老婆的人”，因此选择D项。阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测策略2：依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义运用对比手法描述事物或现象是文章写作的一种常用的修辞手法。在这种修辞手段下，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，从而表明一个词与前面的另一个词互为反义。常用的信号词有： but/yet/however/nevertheless; while/whereas; otherwise/or else; unlike/instead/ rather than; by contrast/compared to; on the contrary/ on the other hand 等。阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测例2The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display.Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” in the passage?AMessy and untidy. BRich and expensive.CComfortable and calming. DForeign and unusual.【点睛】 D由but引导的前后句可知，exotic与quite normal(相当平常)在意义上是互为反义的，因此选择D项foreign and unusual(异乎寻常)。阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测策略3：依据下定义，作解释猜测词义在说明文、科技文中运用下定义或解释概念的方法来定义或诠释某一名词或概念是文章写作的又一特点。在写作方法上常采用先总后分(即先定义后解释)或先分后总(即先说明后结论)的方式。常用的定义信号词有：be defined as/be termed(被定义为)，be called(被称为)，mean/refer to/be(意指，是)。阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测例32011安徽卷 (节选)George Prochnik would like the world to put a sock in it. He makes his case in a new book，Listening for Meaning in a World of Noise. Here he explains himself (using his indoor voice)：“Weve become so accustomed to noise，theres almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial. If you tell someone to be quiet，you sound like an old man. But its never been more important to find continuing quiet. Silence focuses us，improves our health，and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.”阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测What does the phrase “to put a sock in it ”in Paragraph 1 probably mean?ATo be quiet.BTo be colorful.CTo be full of love. DTo be attentive to someone.【点睛】 A词义猜测题。本题是根据结构上的“总分”关系猜测词义。文章首句先表明观点，然后进一步清楚地分述自己的观点没有噪音，我们会专注生活中各种美好的声音。再结合上下文可以看出George Prochnik是反对噪音的，所以他应该是喜欢安静的，故答案选A。阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测策略4：依据逻辑推理猜测词义运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也是最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。常见的逻辑关系有：因果关系、同位关系、对比关系，转折关系等。阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测例4 2011四川卷 (节选)So what drives me to roll out of bed at 5：00 am.？What gives me the reason to just say no to ice cream? Commitment. A commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety，increases selfconfidence and energy，extends life and above all improves my body shape.What does the underlined word “commitment” in the last paragraph mean?AGood health. BFirm belief. CA strong power. DA regular habit.阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测【点睛】 B词义猜测题。本题是根据解说关系猜测词义。从文中“A commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety，above all improves my body shape.”可知，“减少焦虑、增强信心改变体型”即不定式部分是修饰commitment的，结合文意可推断出commitment意为“坚强的信念”，故选择B项。本题容易受字面意思的影响而误选C项。阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测策略5：依据替代词猜测词义使用替代词 it, they, them, one(s), these, that 或 the other (two)等指代上下文中词汇或句义是猜测词义的另一种形式。阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测策略6：依据例证猜测词义采用事实说理(即例证)以加强观点的说服力或使观点更加明朗清楚是文章写作的常用手法。借助例证获取更多信息，即可实现猜词的目的。常用的例证信号词有： like/for example/for instance/such as; include/consist of 等。此外，运用语法和常识以达到猜词的目的也是词义猜测策略的另一种表现形式。英语构词法给英语语言创造了丰富的词汇源泉，因此掌握构词规律是达到猜词目的的有效捷径。这种猜词的策略主要表现在：阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测(1)依据词性变化猜测词义英语语言的词性变化是非常活跃的，如名词动化、动词名化、形容词动化等，阅读时要充分抓住这一特点，从而准确地猜测词义。(2)依据词义变化(词义引申)猜测词义英语语言除了词性活跃的特点外，其词义的变化也是非常活跃的。同一个词在不同的语境中其词义也会发生相应的变化，即所谓的词义引申。阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测(3)依据词的派生和合成猜测词义派生法是英语构词法中最主要的构词方法，它由词根、前缀或后缀组成。如：前缀dis， im， ir， un可以构成反义词；后缀less也以构成反义词。遇到合成词时在正确理解两词的基础上结合原文来把握两词之间的关系，从而准确地猜测词义。阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测【活学活用】1The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution she was banished. A few members of the Senate opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country forever.Akilled by stoning Bsent awayCimprisoned Dpunished by whipping答案 B阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测2The prisoner seemed to relax but actually he was thinking hard, while his hand moved so slowly that the movement was imperceptible. It was only when the keys accidentally fell from the table that the guard suddenly realized that the prisoners hand had almost reached them.Ahardly noticeableBheavyhandedCnot capable of fast or immediate actionDa matter of habit答案 A阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测3Mrs. Morgans son was intelligent and charming, but his continual extravagance made her wonder if she could continue to support him. Each month she was going deep into debt, attempting to pay for his expensive purchases.Asuperior mannerBwastefulness or carelessness in spending moneyCshowing too great concern for current fashionsDinsults to family or close friends答案 B阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测4Twelveyearold Sally was an active girl, while her sister was quite sedate.Apretty BcalmCprotective DEnergetic答案 B阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测5I wanted to stay in New York, but my friend tried to dissuade me.Adeceive BfrightenCtalk out of it Daccompany答案 C阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测6Alberts success after much effort and practice prove the value of persistence.Atime BcompetitionCperseverance Dbeginning again答案 C阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测7He felt very lonely; he had lived in Baltimore City for a month and had met no one in the inhospitable city.Aunfriendly BuncomfortableCunhealthy Denormous答案 A阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测8I found a secluded area where no man or animal could be seen for miles around.Acool BisolatedCquiet Dnoisy答案 B阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测9The archaeologist spent years studying and searching for remains of the Chinese civilization.Aone who studies the mindBone who studies culturesCone who studies the bodyDone who studies animals答案 B阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测10CARDIFF, Wales (De, 15)Poets, singers and musicians from across the globe gathered in Wales to celebrate the tradition of storytelling. “It came out of a group of people who wanted to reconnect with traditions, and as all the Welsh are storytellers, it was in good hands here.” Ambrose said.Acontrolled by rich peopleBgrasped by good storytellersCtaken good care ofDprotected by kind people答案 C阅读写作阅读写作( (二十一二十一) ) 重视词义猜测重视词义猜测同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全