话题1.Nature：animals and plants under the sea(自然：自然：海底的海底的动物和植物物和植物)2.Legends of the sea(大海大海传奇奇)功能功能 Blame and complaint(责备与抱怨与抱怨)语法法 Revise the Passive Voice ()(复复习被被动语态2)重点重点单词annual，witness，accommodation，opposite，pause，boundary，flee，drag，depth，urge，abandon，target，vivid，reflect，aware，neat，tasty，scare，awesome重点重点短短语ahead of，aim at，in the meantime，urge sb.to do sth.，help. out，become aware of，upside down，be scared to death，sort out，be about to do，get close to重点重点句型句型1.It was a time when the killer whales，or “killers” as they were then called，helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.2This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt.3The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat.4The fish didnt seem to mind me swimming among them.1witness n目目击击者者；证证人人；证证据据vt.目目击击；亲亲眼眼见见到到；作证作证归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)bear/give witness to/give witness to/of.为为作证，做作证，做的证人的证人be (a) witness to sth.目击某事发生，是目击某事发生，是的目击者的目击者in witness of.作为作为的证据；为的证据；为作证作证give witness on behalf of替替作证作证(2)witness for.为为作证作证/辩护辩护witness to sth./doing sth./doing sth.作证证明某事作证证明某事/ /做某事做某事The police havent found the witness to the murder case.警察警察还没有找到那没有找到那桩谋杀案的目案的目击证人。人。He gave witness on behalf of an accused person.他他为被告作被告作证。The year 2010 witnessed the 16th Asian Games opening in Guangzhou.2010年年见证了第了第16届届亚运会在广州召开。运会在广州召开。She witnessed to having seen the robbery take place.她作她作证亲眼看眼看见那件起劫案那件起劫案发生。生。【链接训练链接训练】After the explosion，the policemen did a lot of work to find out some clues from the _.Alookerson BviewersCpeople Dwitnesses【解解析析】lookerson意意为为“旁旁观观者者”；viewers 意意为为“观观看看者者；观观众众”；people 意意为为“人人们们”；witness 意意为为“证证人人，目目击击者者”。句句意意为为：爆爆炸炸发发生生后后，警警察察做做了了大大量量工工作作，试试图图从从目目击击者者那那里里发发现现一一些些线线索索。调调查查案案件件一一般般从从目目击击者者或或见见证证人那儿得到证据或线索。故选人那儿得到证据或线索。故选D。【答案答案】DMany people _ the car accident，so it was not difficult to investigate.Awitnessed BharnessedCswallowed Ddrugged【解解析析】句句意意为为：许许多多人人看看到到了了那那起起车车祸祸，所所以以不不难难调调查查。在在这这个个句句子子中中，witness 意意为为“目目睹睹”。harness 意意为为“利利用用，控控制制”；swallow 意意为为“淹淹没没，吞吞下下”；drug 意意为为“使使服毒品服毒品”，此三个词不符合句子的意思。，此三个词不符合句子的意思。【答案答案】A2urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策催促；极力主张；驱策归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)urge sb.(not) to do sth.催促，怂恿某人催促，怂恿某人(不不)做某事做某事urge sb.into doing.敦促某人做敦促某人做urge sb.against强烈反对某人强烈反对某人urge sb./sth. on鼓励，激励，为鼓励，激励，为加油加油urgethatclause强强烈烈要要求求，极极力力主主张张(从从句句用用虚虚拟拟语气，谓语动词用语气，谓语动词用shoulddo，其中，其中should可以省略可以省略)It is urged that.坚坚决决要要求求(从从句句谓谓语语形形式式为为should动词原形，动词原形，should可以省略可以省略)归纳拓展归纳拓展(2)urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的；非常重要的紧急的；迫切的；非常重要的in urgent need of 急需急需an urgent look急切的神情急切的神情(3)urgency n紧急；迫切紧急；迫切The boys urged him to take part in the competition.男孩子们怂恿他参加比赛。男孩子们怂恿他参加比赛。Urged on by fans，S.H.E.sang another song.受歌迷的鼓舞，受歌迷的鼓舞，S.H.E.又唱了一首歌。又唱了一首歌。I urge that you (should) read the report carefully.我劝你仔细看看这份报告。我劝你仔细看看这份报告。The law is in urgent need of reform.这项法律亟待修订。这项法律亟待修订。【链接训练链接训练】The doctor _ an Xray test，and then，he could make a conclusion.Aurged me to have Burged me havingCurged against Durged on me【解解析析】考考查查动动词词urge的的用用法法。句句意意为为：医医生生催催促促我我做做个个X射射线线检检查查，然然后后他他就就可可以以做做出出诊诊断断。urge sb. to do sth.“催促催促/力劝某人做某事力劝某人做某事”。【答案答案】A3abandon vt.遗遗弃弃；抛抛弃弃(某某人人)；中中止止；(与与oneself连连用用)使放纵，使听任使放纵，使听任n放任；放纵放任；放纵归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)abandon ones plan/hope/hope/idea放弃计划放弃计划/ /希望希望/ /主意主意abandon a ship弃船弃船abandon oneself to.纵情于，沉溺于纵情于，沉溺于abandon doing sth.放弃做某事放弃做某事(2)with abandon放纵地，放任地放纵地，放任地(3)abandoned adj.无约束的；放纵的；被抛弃的无约束的；放纵的；被抛弃的The game had to be abandoned due to bad weather.由于天气不好，比赛不得不中止。由于天气不好，比赛不得不中止。Alice has abandoned all hope of seeing her brother again.艾丽斯已经放弃了再次见到她哥哥的全部希望。艾丽斯已经放弃了再次见到她哥哥的全部希望。She abandoned herself to despair.她陷入绝望之中她陷入绝望之中 同类辨析同类辨析abandon，desert，give up与与quit(1)abandon指完全、最终和永久的放弃。指完全、最终和永久的放弃。(2)desert强强调调故故意意逃逃避避应应尽尽的的义义务务和和职职责责，违违背背誓誓言言，含有非难或指责之意。含有非难或指责之意。(3)give up为为常常用用词词组组，常常用用于于口口语语中中，与与abandon同同义义，指指“放弃；停止；献出放弃；停止；献出”。(4)quit指指停停止止或或放放弃弃信信仰仰、行行动动、工工作作等等，如如quit smoking停止吸烟；停止吸烟；quit the job辞职。辞职。【链接训练链接训练】After trying many times，they had to _ the hope of saving the seriouslywounded elephant.Aabandon Brelease Cdiscourage Dresign【解解析析】考考查查动动词词词词义义辨辨析析。abandon“放放弃弃(信信念念、原原则则、希希望望等等)”；release“释释放放，放放出出”；discourage“使使消消极极/沮沮丧丧”；resign“辞辞职职，放放弃弃(工工作作、职职位位)”。句句意意为为：试试了了多多次次后，他们不得不放弃了挽救这只受伤严重的大象的希望。后，他们不得不放弃了挽救这只受伤严重的大象的希望。【答案答案】A4reflect vt.映射；反射映射；反射vi.&vt.思考，反省，深思思考，反省，深思归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)reflect sb./sth.in./sth.in.在在里里映映射射出出某某人人/ /物物的的影影像像；通通过过来表达来表达/表明表明be reflected in sth.倒映在，在倒映在，在中看到中看到reflect sth.from sth.从某物从某物(表面表面)反射反射(光、热、声等光、热、声等)reflect on/upon/upon/over sth.认真思考某事，沉思某事认真思考某事，沉思某事reflect well/badly on sb./badly on sb./sth.使给人以好使给人以好/坏的印象坏的印象(2)reflection n反射；映像；反映；深思；考虑反射；映像；反映；深思；考虑be lost in reflection陷入沉思中陷入沉思中The little girl looked at her face reflected in the river.这个小女孩看着河面上映射出的她自己的个小女孩看着河面上映射出的她自己的脸。John reflected long over Marys argument.约翰翰对玛丽的争的争辩沉思良久。沉思良久。The incident reflects badly on everyone involved.这一事件一事件给所有相关人士造成了所有相关人士造成了恶劣影响。劣影响。The increase in crime is a sad reflection on our society today.犯罪的增加犯罪的增加遗憾地反映了当今社会不好的一面。憾地反映了当今社会不好的一面。【链接训练链接训练】_ in the mirror，she looked at herself with joy.AReflect BTo reflectCReflected DReflecting【解解析析】句句意意为为：她她照照着着镜镜子子，非非常常高高兴兴地地自自我我欣欣赏赏。reflect作作“映映射射出出某某人人/物物的的影影像像”讲讲时时是是及及物物动动词词，由由于于she与与reflect之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。【答案答案】C5scare v. 恐吓；受惊吓；害怕恐吓；受惊吓；害怕n. 惊吓，惊慌，恐惧惊吓，惊慌，恐惧归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)scare sb./sth.away/sth.away/off 把某人把某人/ /某物吓跑某物吓跑/ /吓退吓退scare sb.into/out /out of of (doing) (doing) sth.sth.威威胁胁/ /恐恐吓吓某某人人(不不敢敢)做做某某事事scare sb.to death把某人吓得要死把某人吓得要死scare sb. out of wits 吓蒙了，吓坏了吓蒙了，吓坏了(2)scared adj. 害怕的；担心的；恐惧的害怕的；担心的；恐惧的be scared of sb./sth./sth.害怕某人害怕某人/ /某物某物be scared to do sth.害怕、恐惧做某事害怕、恐惧做某事be scared that 害怕害怕be scared to death 吓得要死吓得要死(3)give sb.a scare吓某人一跳吓某人一跳The scarecrow in the field are used to scare the birds away.田地里的稻草人是用来吓跑小田地里的稻草人是用来吓跑小鸟的。的。They scared the little boy into stealing foods in the supermarket.他他们威威胁这个小男孩到超市里去个小男孩到超市里去偷食品。食品。Im scared (that) Im going to fall.我担心自己快掉下去了。我担心自己快掉下去了。You did give me a scare.你可真把我吓了一跳。你可真把我吓了一跳。【链接训练链接训练】_，people were _ of A(H1N1) flu.AAt a time；scaringBAt one time；scaredCAt a time；afraidDAt the same time；afraid【解解析析】考考查查短短语语及及词词义义辨辨析析。句句意意为为：人人们们曾曾经经害害怕怕过过甲甲型型H1N1流流感感。at one time“曾曾经经”；at a time“每每次次”；at the same time“同同时时”；be scared/afraid of“害害怕怕”。综上得知选综上得知选B。【答案答案】B6flee vi.& vt.逃走；逃离；逃避逃走；逃离；逃避归纳拓展归纳拓展注注意意：flee 作作“逃逃跑跑”讲讲时时，可可以以是是及及物物动动词词，也也可可以以是是不不及及物物动动词词。用用作作及及物物动动词词时时，它它的的过过去去式式和和过过去去分分词词都都是是 fled。flee from从从逃离，逃避逃离，逃避flee to逃至逃至When they saw the police car，his attackers turned and fled.那些袭击他的人看到警车后转身就逃。那些袭击他的人看到警车后转身就逃。All the animals fled from the fire.所有的动物都逃离了火场。所有的动物都逃离了火场。When the bombing started，the population fled to places of safety.轰炸开始时，人们逃到了安全地带。轰炸开始时，人们逃到了安全地带。同类辨析同类辨析flee，escape 与与 run away三个词都有三个词都有“逃跑逃跑”的意思，但有所侧重。的意思，但有所侧重。(1)flee 强调逃跑行为本身，含有强调逃跑行为本身，含有“逃走、消散逃走、消散”的意思。的意思。(2)escape 强调逃跑的结果，即成功地跑掉了。强调逃跑的结果，即成功地跑掉了。(3)run away 多用于口语，含有多用于口语，含有“不辞而别不辞而别”的意思。的意思。During the civil war thousands of people fled the country.在内战期间，成千上万的人逃离了这个国家。在内战期间，成千上万的人逃离了这个国家。They escaped from the burning building at last.他们最终从失火的房子里逃了出来。他们最终从失火的房子里逃了出来。He ran away from his home when he was very young.他很小就离家出走了。他很小就离家出走了。【链接训练链接训练】Tom was a black slave and he at last _ the cotton farm to join the North Army.Aescape Brun away Cleft Dfled【解解析析】escape 有有“逃逃跑跑”之之意意，但但时时态态不不合合适适。B、C两两项项是是“走走掉掉、离离开开”之之意意，不不符符合合奴奴隶隶的的身身份份。“从从那那个个国家逃跑国家逃跑”可以说可以说 flee/(escape from) the country。【答案答案】DMany German artists _ to America at the beginning of World War .Aflee Bfleed Cfled Dhad fled【解解析析】句句意意为为：在在第第二二次次世世界界大大战战初初期期，许许多多德德国国艺艺术术家家逃逃到到了了美美国国。flee“逃逃，逃逃走走”，其其过过去去式式、过过去去分分词词均均为为fled。本本题题考考查查时时态态。仅仅是是对对过过去去一一种种情情况况的的描描述述，故故用用一般过去时。一般过去时。【答案答案】C1help(.) out帮帮助助(摆摆脱脱困困境境或或危危难难)；使使脱脱离离困境困境归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人干某事帮助某人干某事help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事cant help (to) do sth.不能帮忙干某事不能帮忙干某事cannot help doing sth.禁不住做某事禁不住做某事cannot help but do sth.不能不不能不/不得不做某事不得不做某事help oneself/sb.to sth.自取所需自取所需(食物等食物等)；请随便用；请随便用(2)with the help of在在的帮助下的帮助下He helped the old man out of the car.他帮助那位老人从汽车里出来。他帮助那位老人从汽车里出来。Can you help me with the maths problem?你能帮我解出这道数学题吗？你能帮我解出这道数学题吗？I cant help thinking he knows more than he has told us.我总觉得他没有把他知道的事情全告诉我们。我总觉得他没有把他知道的事情全告诉我们。She couldnt help but wonder that he was thinking.她不得不去琢磨他在想些什么。她不得不去琢磨他在想些什么。【链接训练链接训练】Tom doesnt really work here.He _ until his brother recovers and comes to work again.Ajust helps out Bwas just helped outCis just helping out Dwill just help out【解解析析】句句意意为为：汤汤姆姆并并不不是是真真在在这这里里工工作作。他他只只是是在在这这里里帮帮忙忙直直到到他他哥哥哥哥康康复复再再来来上上班班为为止止。本本题题用用现现在在进进行行时表示目前情况。时表示目前情况。help out意为意为“帮助帮助(摆脱困境或危难摆脱困境或危难)”。【答案答案】C2be/become aware of/become aware of意识到意识到；对；对知道知道/ /明白明白归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)aware adj.意识到的；知道的意识到的；知道的become/be aware thatclause知道，意识到知道，意识到make sb.aware of.使某人意识到使某人意识到make sb.aware that.提醒某人注意提醒某人注意(2)unaware adj. 没有想到的，没意识到的没有想到的，没意识到的awareness n意识，觉悟；懂事，明智意识，觉悟；懂事，明智develop an awareness of.逐渐懂得逐渐懂得lack of awareness缺乏认识缺乏认识She was aware of the fact，but she could not face it yet.她已她已认识到到这一事一事实，然而她，然而她还不能面不能面对它。它。I dont think youre aware of how important this means to me.我想你我想你还不知道不知道这对我有多重要。我有多重要。She became aware that something had been stolen.她她发觉东西被西被偷了。了。It is important that the students develop an awareness of how the Internet can be used.重要的是学生逐重要的是学生逐渐懂得如何使用互懂得如何使用互联网。网。同类辨析同类辨析aware与与conscious(1)二二者者都都可可表表示示“意意识识到到的的”，都都常常与与of连连用用，且且其其后后都都可接由可接由that或或how引导的从句。引导的从句。(2)aware用用来来指指本本人人以以外外的的事事物物，侧侧重重意意识识到到外外界界事事物物；而而conscious用用来来指指本本人人自自身身的的事事，侧侧重重意意识识到到自自身身的的感感觉觉或或情况等。情况等。(3)作作“意意识识到到的的”讲讲时时，aware只只能能用用作作表表语语，而而conscious既可用作表语，也可用作定语。既可用作表语，也可用作定语。We are fully/well aware of the importance of Shanghai World Expo to China.我们十分明白上海世博会对中国的重要性。我们十分明白上海世博会对中国的重要性。He is hurt badly but still conscious.他受了重伤，不过神智还是清醒的。他受了重伤，不过神智还是清醒的。诱导展望诱导展望当当aware用用于于否否定定句句时时，后后可可接接由由疑疑问问词词引引导导的的从从句句，这时这时of可省略。可省略。You are not aware (of) how worried I felt about your safety.你不知道我多么担心你的安全。你不知道我多么担心你的安全。【链接训练链接训练】Most parents are not _ the danger of their babies eating jelly，which causes most unfortunate incidents to happen.Awell aware to Bvery aware ofCaware that Dwell aware of【解解析析】考考查查形形容容词词用用法法。空空白白处处后后面面不不是是句句子子，故故排排除除C项项；aware后后面面接接of，故故排排除除A项项；另另外外表表示示“清清醒醒地地，充充分分地地认认识识到到”时时，表表语语形形容容词词aware的的修修饰饰语语应应使使用用well，不用不用very。故选。故选D。【答案答案】DIt was several minutes before I was _ of what was happening.Aaware Bawareness Cawaring Drealized【解解析析】aware为为表表语语形形容容词词，不不可可直直接接作作谓谓语语；awareness意意为为“意意识识，觉觉悟悟”；realize为为及及物物动动词词，意意为为“认识到，意识到认识到，意识到”，后面直接接宾语，所以答案为，后面直接接宾语，所以答案为A项。项。【答案答案】A复习被动语态复习被动语态()动词ing形式的被形式的被动结构构动词ing形形式式包包括括动名名词和和现在在分分词两两种种形形式式，因因而而其其被被动结构也有构也有这两种形式。两种形式。一、动名词的被动语态一、动名词的被动语态1当当动动名名词词逻逻辑辑上上的的主主语语是是动动名名词词所所表表示示的的动动作作的的对对象象时，动名词一般要用它的被动式。时，动名词一般要用它的被动式。He cant stand being laughed at.他忍受不了被别人嘲笑。他忍受不了被别人嘲笑。2动名词的主动形式表被动含义动名词的主动形式表被动含义(1)在在want，need，require，deserve等等动词后后，常常用用动名名词的主的主动形式表达被形式表达被动含含义。The radio needs repairing.The radio needs to be repaired.这台收音机需要修理了。台收音机需要修理了。(2)be worth后常跟后常跟动名名词的主的主动形式表达被形式表达被动含含义。The book is worth reading again.The book is worthy of being read again.这本本书值得再得再读一遍。一遍。二、现在分词的被动语态二、现在分词的被动语态其构成为其构成为being/having been过去分词。过去分词。如如果果现现在在分分词词所所表表示示的的动动作作与与其其逻逻辑辑主主语语之之间间是是被被动动关关系，则应用现在分词的被动形式。系，则应用现在分词的被动形式。The building being built is our library.正在被建的这座楼是我们的图书馆。正在被建的这座楼是我们的图书馆。Having been given the good chance，how could I give it up？既然给了这么好的机会，我又怎么能放弃？既然给了这么好的机会，我又怎么能放弃？注注意意：当当分分词词所所表表示示的的动动作作与与谓谓语语表表示示的的动动作作同同时时发发生生或或正正在在进进行行，则则用用being过过去去分分词词；当当分分词词所所表表示示的的动动作作在在谓语表示的动作之前发生则用谓语表示的动作之前发生则用having been过去分词。过去分词。【链接训练链接训练】_，we were taken to see the library.AWe had been shown the classroomsBBeing shown the classroomsCHaving been shown the classroomsDHaving shown the classrooms【解解析析】考考查查现现在在分分词词完完成成时时的的被被动动语语态态。句句意意为为：我我们们先先被被带带领领着着参参观观了了教教室室，又又被被带带领领着着去去参参观观图图书书馆馆。“看看教教室室”发发生生在在“看看图图书书馆馆”之之前前，所所以以用用完完成成时时，且且根根据据句句意要用被动。意要用被动。【答案答案】C_ in a heavy traffic jam in a taxi while you are hurrying to the airport is quite an unpleasant experience.AHaving caught BBeing caughtCCaught DHaving been caught【解解析析】考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意为为：当当你你急急着着去去机机场场时时遇遇到到堵堵车车是是多多么么不不愉愉快快的的经经历历啊啊。being caught in引引导导的的动动名名词词短短语语作作主主语语，并并且且表表示示被被动动。句句子子主主语语为为“_in a heavy traffic jam”，其其逻逻辑辑主主语语you为为动动作作的的承承受受者者，故故应应用用动动名名词词的的被被动动结结构构，而而过过去去分分词词不不能能作作主主语语，所所以以C项项错错误误。D项时态不正确。项时态不正确。【答案答案】BWild animals _ and killed at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.Ahunt Bare huntingCare being hunted Dhad been hunted【解解析析】句句意意为为：野野生生动动物物正正在在以以如如此此快快的的速速度度被被捕捕杀杀以以至至于于在在不不久久的的将将来来它它们们将将会会从从地地球球上上消消失失。根根据据语语境境they will disappear from the earth in the near future判判断断，要要用用现现在在进进行行时时的的被被动动语语态态，表表示示现现在在正正在在发发生生的的事事对对将将来来可可能能造造成的影响。成的影响。【答案答案】CWhat worried me most was _ to go abroad alone.Amy not allowing Bhaving not allowedCmy not being allowed Dmy being not allowed【解解析析】句句意意为为：最最让让我我担担心心的的是是我我不不会会被被允允许许单单独独出出国国。考考查查动动名名词词作作表表语语，根根据据句句意意应应使使用用被被动动语语态态，故故可可先先排排除除A、B两两项项，通通常常v.ing被被动动式式的的否否定定式式在在其其前前加加not，所以选所以选C项。项。【答案答案】CResearch _ out supports my idea that our company should take action in no time.Ato carry BcarryingCbeing carried Dhaving carried【解解析析】句句意意为为：正正在在进进行行的的研研究究证证明明我我的的观观点点是是正正确确的的，我我们们公公司司应应该该立立即即采采取取行行动动。being carried out意意思思是是“正正在在进进行行”；是是现现在在分分词词的的被被动动形形式式作作定定语语修修饰饰research，意为意为“正在进行的研究正在进行的研究”。A、B、D都没有被动之意。都没有被动之意。【答案答案】C同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全来学校和回家的路上要注意安全