Section Learning about Languagea general tendency in the way a situation is changing 形势变化的总的趋势1tendency n倾向；趋势典例There is a growing tendency for people to work athome instead of in offices.人们在家里而不是在办公室工作的趋势日益增长。拓展 tendency (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)做某事的倾向tendency towards/to sth.的倾向/趋势运用 完成句子He has _ ( 逃跑的倾向) standing on thestage facing so many people.The _ ( 和平的趋势) can be seenclearly now.a tendency to run away tendency towards/to peaceOn the whole the warming of the earth is aphenomenon that causes great concern.地球变暖基本上是一个引起巨大关注的现象。2on the whole 大体上；基本上典例No citizens pay attention to the effects they have onthe environment on the whole.基本上，没有市民去关注他们对环境造成的影响。拓展 as a whole 作为一个整体；整体来看 the whole of 整个运用 用 whole 构成的短语填空This article is well written _.Wemustlookattheeducationalproblem_._ the morning was wasted trying to findthe documents.on the whole as a whole The whole of Low-lying countries feel their very existence is indanger from rising sea levels.低洼的国家感到他们完全生存在海平面上升的危险中。3existence解析 existence 是动词 exist 的名词形式，多用作不可数名词，表示“生存；存在”。如：Its impossible to prove the existence of God.无法证明上帝的存在。拓展 in existence 存在的；现有的come into existence (come into being) 产生；成立bring/call.into existence 使产生/成立运用 完成句子This is the tallest building _ ( 现有的) inthe world.The company_ (成立) 20 years ago.in existence came into existence it 的用法本单元的语法点是 it 引导的强调句。it 可以用来对句子的某一成分进行强调，其基本句型结构为“It is/was被强调的成分that/who/whom其他成分”。该结构的强调成分仅限于主语、宾语和状语。1强调主语It was I that/who met Jack on the way to school this morning.是我今天早晨在上学的路上碰到了杰克。2强调宾语或介宾It is Mary who/whom/that you should ask.你应该问的是玛丽。It was to me that she gave the money.她那钱是给我的。3强调状语(1)强调地点状语It was in Shanghai that I studied four years ago.我四年前就是在上海读书。(2)强调时间状语It was four years ago that I studied in Shanghai.就在四年前我在上海读书。(3)强调方式状语It was in this way that they won the game.就是用这种方法他们赢得了比赛。注意：(1)强调人时，连接词可用 that，也可用 who (作从句的主语)或 whom (作从句的宾语)；强调物或状语时，连接词只能用 that。(2)原句的谓语动词时态是过去时，用“It was.”，其余用“Itis.”。如：It is English that Mr.Wang teaches us.王老师教我们的是英语。It was English that Mr.Wang taught us last year.王老师去年教我们的是英语。(3)从结构上看，把强调句的结构去掉，剩下的仍是完整的句子。(4)强调句的一般疑问句为“Is/Was it.that.”；否定句为“Itisnt/wasnt.that.”；特殊疑问句为“特殊疑问词is/wasitthat.”。如：Is it tomorrow that we will have a meeting?是不是明天我们将有一个会议？It isnt tomorrow but the day after tomorrow that we will havea meeting.不是明天而是后天我们将有一个会议。When was it that you caught a cold?你究竟是什么时候感冒的？一、完成句子1 _ along the Mississippi River_ ( 正 是 ) Mark Twain spent much of hischildhood.2What _ (是) his daughter needs most?3 It was Mike and Jim _ ( 帮 助) the oldman last week.4 It _ ( 是 她 ) people took to a nearbyhospital last night.5It was _ he came back _(直到才) he knew the news.It was that is it that who/that helped was her that/whom not until that二、句型转换1It was at 9 that I called you yesterday.(对画线部分提问)_2I visited the museum with Mary on Sunday.(强调句，强调时间状语)_3I often help my mother with the housework.(强调句，强调宾语)_When was it that you called me yesterday? It was on Sunday that I visited the museum with Mary. It is my mother that/who/whom I often help with the housework.4 It was not until ten oclock last night that my fatherreturned.(陈述句)_5Its the third time that I have been here.(强调句的一般疑问句)_My father didnt return until ten oclock last night. Is it the third time that you have been here?同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全