The Attributive Clause 黄花桂 定义定义(Definition)：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。结构：结构：先行词关系词从句先行词关系词从句限制性限制性非限制性非限制性定语从句分为定语从句和定语从句分为定语从句和定语从句定语从句(1).限制性定语从句限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定作用对先行词起限定作用,与先行词关系十分密切与先行词关系十分密切,不用逗号隔开不用逗号隔开,也不能省略也不能省略,否则句意就不完整否则句意就不完整.(2).非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句:只是对先行词做补充说明只是对先行词做补充说明,没有限定作用没有限定作用,与先行词的关系也比较松散与先行词的关系也比较松散,如果省略如果省略,原句意义仍然完整原句意义仍然完整,常用逗号与主句隔开常用逗号与主句隔开.(1).限制性定语从句限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定作用对先行词起限定作用,与先行词关与先行词关系十分密切系十分密切,不用逗号隔开不用逗号隔开,也不能省略也不能省略,否则句意就不完否则句意就不完整整.TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.2).非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句:只是对先行词做补充说明只是对先行词做补充说明,没有限定作用没有限定作用,与先行词的关系也比较松散与先行词的关系也比较松散,如果省略如果省略,原句意义仍然完整原句意义仍然完整,常用逗号与主句隔开常用逗号与主句隔开,但作宾语的引但作宾语的引导词不可以省略导词不可以省略。 Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago. 注：下列场合下只用非限制性定语从句：注：下列场合下只用非限制性定语从句：1）在一定范围或前提下，所谈对象是唯一的；）在一定范围或前提下，所谈对象是唯一的；The29thOlympicGames,whichwasheldinBeijing,wascertainlyagreatsuccess.2）谈话双方皆知道的所指对象）谈话双方皆知道的所指对象Maoisatthelibrary,whereweoftenborrowbooks.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：定语从句的相关概念定语从句的相关概念：）先行词）先行词:被被_所修饰的那个所修饰的那个_或或_，叫先行词，叫先行词）关系词：用来引导定语从句的那个词，）关系词：用来引导定语从句的那个词，叫关系词有叫关系词有_和和_两种两种定语从句定语从句名词名词代词代词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 关系词关系词that which who whom whose as when where why (that有时有时可用做关系副可用做关系副词）词） 关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词）关系词的作用： A. 引导定语从句；B. 代替C.在从句里e.g.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves！定语从句定语从句先行词先行词先行词担任成分关系词在从关系词在从句里当主语句里当主语(注意在从句中不要再重复先行词)定定语语从从句句的的引引导导词词关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词指人指人who(主语,宾语) whom(宾语) that(主语,宾语,)whose(定语) as (主语,宾语,)指物指物which (主语,宾语) that (主语,宾语,)whose(定语)as(主语,宾语,)Where(地点状语)When( 时间状语)Why(原因状语)1.Heisthemanlivesnextdoor2.Themanwehavejustseenisafamouswriter.3.Theycametoahousebackwallhadbrokendown.whowhomwhose关系代词做主语关系代词做主语关系代词做宾语关系代词做宾语关系代词做定语关系代词做定语先行词先行词先行词先行词先行词先行词4.IwillneverforgetthedayImetyouforthefirsttime.5.ThisisthebeautifulvillageIspentmychildhoodhappily.6.Wedontknowthereasonheisabsent.whenwherewhy关系副词作时间状语关系副词作时间状语关系副词作地点状语关系副词作地点状语关系副词作原因状语关系副词作原因状语先行词先行词先行词先行词先行词先行词1). a. The reason _he missed the speech is that he forgot the time. b. The reason_he gave us sounded reasonable.2). a. Ill never forget the day _we spent together in Paris. b. Ill remember the day_we stayed together at that time.why(which/that)when(which/that)关系代词与关系副词的区别关系代词与关系副词的区别定语从句高考考点清单定语从句高考考点清单考点一：考点一：关系词的选用关系词的选用分析从句成分，根据关系词在从句中所担任的成分，从而分析从句成分，根据关系词在从句中所担任的成分，从而确定用关系代词还是关系副词。确定用关系代词还是关系副词。从句缺主语，宾语或定语，选关系代词（从句缺主语，宾语或定语，选关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）；）；从句缺状语，选关系副词从句缺状语，选关系副词,（where地点状语，地点状语，when时间时间状语，状语，why原因状语）。原因状语）。然后再根据先行词，选定一个具体的关系词。然后再根据先行词，选定一个具体的关系词。1.YesterdayIreceivedaletter_wasfromAmerican.which/that2.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_Ilivedonthefarm_youvisitedlastweek.whenwhich/that3.August8,2008istheday_wellneverforget.4.August8,2008istheday_theOlympicGameswasfirstheldinChina.which/thatwhen5.Theboy_isinredcomesfromAmericanwho/that3). a. Is this the factory_ we visited last year? b. Is this the house _Lincoln once lived? c. Is this house _ we visited last year?(which/that)wherethe one考点二：考点二：thatPKwhich关系代词关系代词that既可指人也可指物，既可指人也可指物，which指物，当指物指物，当指物时，两者一般可以互换，但有些情况却只能用时，两者一般可以互换，但有些情况却只能用that或只能或只能用用which.1在下列情况下只用在下列情况下只用that，不用，不用which先行词是先行词是all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much,theone等不定代词时等不定代词时或被或被all,any,every,no,some,little,much等词修饰时等词修饰时Thereisnothing(that)Icando.“that”我的地盘我的地盘!Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.先先行行词词是是序序数数词词或或被被序序数数词词或或形形容容词词最最高高级级修修饰时饰时Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.Itisthemostinterestingfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.先先行行词词被被theonly,thevery(正正是是,恰恰是是),thenext,thelast修饰时修饰时Thelastplace(that)wevisitedwasthehospitalThisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind当先行词有两个或两个以上时当先行词有两个或两个以上时,既有既有人人又有又有物物,定语从句用定语从句用that引导引导(that既可指人也可指物既可指人也可指物)Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools(that)hehadvisited. 当主句是以当主句是以which/who开头的特殊疑开头的特殊疑问句时，用问句时，用that引导引导Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?Whoistheboythathasbrokenthewindow?2下列情况不能使用下列情况不能使用that,而使用而使用whichthat不能引导不能引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.Myglasses,_Iwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroken.that不不能能置置于于介介词词之之后后（介介词词后后指指物物用用which,指人用指人用whom）Theperson_IwastalkingjustnowisourEnglishteacher.withoutwhichtowhom考点三：考点三：whose的运用的运用whose表所属关系，相当于先行词的所有表所属关系，相当于先行词的所有格，后接一名词，在从句中充当定语。格，后接一名词，在从句中充当定语。Whose（所属关系，指人或物作定语）（所属关系，指人或物作定语）=或或the+名词名词+ of which/whomof which/whom+the+名词名词Thisisthebookwhosecover/(thecoverofwhich)isbroken.+名词名词Ivisitedascientist_nameisknowntoalloverthecountrywhoseHehasafriend_fatherisadoctor.whosee.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth. Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.考点四：先行词为考点四：先行词为way(方式，方法）方式，方法）时，关系词的运用时，关系词的运用当先行词是当先行词是way时，定语从句又缺状语，这时，定语从时，定语从句又缺状语，这时，定语从句可以用句可以用that或或inwhich或或省略关系词省略关系词先行词是先行词是way,且定语从句缺状语时，可以用且定语从句缺状语时，可以用that/inwhich引导定语从句，也可引导定语从句，也可省略关系词省略关系词Idontlikethewayyoutalktomymother.that/inwhich或不填或不填考点五：考点五：介词介词+which/whom/whose定语从句也可用定语从句也可用介词介词+关系代词关系代词来引导来引导表人用表人用whom,表物用表物用which，表所有格用，表所有格用whose非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用时，可用“some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few 或数词或数词+ of + + of + 关系代词关系代词”的结构，如：的结构，如：e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定1.1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichImsure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.1.1.先行词为先行词为人人, ,关系代词用关系代词用介词介词+ +whom; ; 先行词先行词为为物物, ,关系代词用关系代词用介词介词+ +which;表所有格用表所有格用介词介词+whose2.2.固定的动词短语固定的动词短语,如如lookafter,bemadeof,takepartin,lookforwardto等等,介词介词不能不能提前。提前。例：例：Thebabies(who/whom)thenurseslookafterlookstrongandhappy.3.3.关系代词和关系副词有时可转换：关系代词和关系副词有时可转换： where,when,why = = 介词介词 + + which总结总结:关系副词关系副词when,where,why也相当于介词也相当于介词(on,in,at,for)+whichIllneverforgettheyears_weworkedtogether.Illneverforgettheday_IjoinedtheParty. in which /whenon which/ whenCan you work them out?Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,_whichwecantlive.2.Thestudent_whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.Illneverforgettheday_whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Whocangivemethereason_whichhehasntturnedupyet?foraboutonwithout考点考点6：where表抽象地点表抽象地点先行词是先行词是situation,case,point等词，从句等词，从句中缺状语，用中缺状语，用where引导定语从句。引导定语从句。Ivecometothepoint_Icantstandhim.whereWeoftenfindourselvesinasituation_weorsomeoneelseneedshelp.where考点考点7：as与与which的区别的区别两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但有时不能替换，主要区别如下：但有时不能替换，主要区别如下：1. which的的先先行行词词可可以以是是名名词词，也也可可以以是是句句子子的的一部分或代替整个句子一部分或代替整个句子；which从句从句不能放句首不能放句首; 2. as 一般代替整个句子一般代替整个句子, 从句从句则可以放则可以放句首句首, 句句中或句尾中或句尾, 表示表示“正如正如” ，“或像或像一样一样” 。例如：例如：as is known, as everyone knows ,as is said, as often happens, as you can see, as it is;当当先行词前有先行词前有as, so, such, the same 修饰修饰时时,关系代词常用关系代词常用as。 moreexamples:ThisisnotsuchabookasIexpected.Iliveinthesamebuildingashe(livesin).Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.as引导非限制性定语从句时通常出现在一些固定短语引导非限制性定语从句时通常出现在一些固定短语之中，如之中，如： 1ashasbeensaidbefore 如上所述如上所述2asmaybeimagined正如可以想象出来的那样正如可以想象出来的那样3asiswellknown众所周知众所周知4aswasexpected正如预料的那样正如预料的那样5ashasbeenalreadypointedout正如已经指出的那样正如已经指出的那样6asweallcansee正如我们都会看到的那样正如我们都会看到的那样考点考点8：定语从句的主谓一致：定语从句的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数与先定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数与先行词保持一致。行词保持一致。1.Herearesuchsentencesasareoftenusedbythestudents.(as指代指代sentences,谓语动词用谓语动词用are)。2.I,whoamaPartymember,shouldworkhardforourcountry.(who指代指代I,谓语用谓语用am.)。3.Hewasoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedforit.(who指代指代thestudents)他是被表扬的学生之一。他是被表扬的学生之一。4.Hewastheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedforit.(who指指theonlyone)他是唯一被表扬的学生。他是唯一被表扬的学生。oneof+名词复数，谓语动词用复数名词复数，谓语动词用复数theonlyoneof+名词复数，谓语动词用单数名词复数，谓语动词用单数高考链接高考链接2011年全国高考定语从句真题年全国高考定语从句真题1、(2011全国卷全国卷I)31.Theprizewillgotothewriter_storyshowsthemostimagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what2、（、（2011全国卷全国卷II）7.TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,_isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which3、（、（2011北京卷）北京卷）26.MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,_,ofcourse,makealltheothersupset.A.who B.whichC.whatD.that4、(2011上海卷上海卷)39.Youllfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation_youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as5、（、（2011山东卷）山东卷）32.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_arebuiltclosetoeachother.A.they B.whereC.whatD.that6、（、（2011江西卷）江西卷）34.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhich D.towhich7、（、（2011江苏卷）江苏卷）24.Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,_theaudiencecanbuyice-creamA.whenB.whereC.thatD.which8、（、（2011安徽卷）安徽卷）28.Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,_itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while9、（2011浙江卷）浙江卷）8.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof_usesitsomewhatdifferently.A.whichB.whatC.themD.those10、（、（2011浙江卷）浙江卷）10.Abankistheplace_theylendyouanumbrellainfineweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.A.whenB.that C.whereD.there11、（、（2011福建卷）福建卷）24.Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents_allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who12、（、（2011四川卷）四川卷）17.Theschoolshop,_customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfewtheholidays.A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where13、（、（2011天津卷）天津卷）10.Thedaysaregone_physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which14、（、（2011陕西卷）陕西卷）11.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,_weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that15、(2011湖南卷湖南卷)25.JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof_shespokefluently.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.thatHomework 1.ReviewmoreabouttheAttributiveClause。2.Finishofftheattributiveclauseexercise.