reply & answer 回答回答回答问题时一般用回答问题时一般用answer. He answered my question.answer 最常用，可指用语言、书面、行动来最常用，可指用语言、书面、行动来回答。回答。answer the telephone提到回答的原话时一般用提到回答的原话时一般用reply. “Not in the least,” he replied.reply和和answer常可以互相使用，但有时并不常可以互相使用，但有时并不能通用。如：能通用。如：reply虽然也可以用来表示虽然也可以用来表示“以以行动回答行动回答”，但与，但与answer明显不同。明显不同。They would be able to reply to our signals using similar methods.as, because, since, for, now thatbecause 语气最重，表示不为人知的或直语气最重，表示不为人知的或直 接原因。常用来回答接原因。常用来回答why的提问，不与的提问，不与so连连 用。用。since, as 引导的原因状语从句一般位于主引导的原因状语从句一般位于主 句之前，表示比较明显或已为人知的原因，句之前，表示比较明显或已为人知的原因， 语气最弱。语气最弱。for 引导的句子只能放在主句之后，是补充引导的句子只能放在主句之后，是补充 的解释或说明，不一定是真正的原因。的解释或说明，不一定是真正的原因。now that “既然既然” 说明已经成为事实的原说明已经成为事实的原 因。因。1.She was very angry because we were late.2.We didnt enjoy the day because the weather was so awful.3.As it is raining, we shall not go to the zoo.4.Since you are going, I will go.5.It must be morning now, for birds are singing.6.Now that we know each other a little better, we get along fine.1. 表示 “一就” 或 “刚就”的时 间状语从句1) as soon as我一看见他就告诉他这个消息。她一来到教室，就开始读英语了。Ill tell him the news as soon as I see him.As soon as she came to the classroom, she began to read English.2) no sooner than2) no sooner than hardlywhenhardlywhen主句中用过去完成时主句中用过去完成时主句中用过去完成时主句中用过去完成时我刚一到家天就下雨了。我刚一到家天就下雨了。她刚做完试卷，铃声就响了。她刚做完试卷，铃声就响了。他刚走进教室，老师就开始讲课了。他刚走进教室，老师就开始讲课了。She had hardly finished the test whenShe had hardly finished the test whenthe bell rang.the bell rang.He had hardly entered the classroom He had hardly entered the classroom when the teacher began his lecture.when the teacher began his lecture.I had no sooner got home than it began I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.to rain.No soonerthan, hardlywhen等结构都可以倒装。他们一到工厂就开始工作。No sooner had they got to the factory than they started to work.3) immediately他一来，你就可立即离开。You may leave immediately he comes.4) the (very) moment, the minute4) the (very) moment, the minute我一见到你，就认出你来了。我一见到你，就认出你来了。他一来我就告诉他。他一来我就告诉他。I recognised you the moment I saw you.I recognised you the moment I saw you.Ill tell him the minute he comes.Ill tell him the minute he comes.2. 2. 英语中的时间状语通常是由一个从属英语中的时间状语通常是由一个从属连词引导连词引导, ,如如 when, while, as, since, when, while, as, since, beforebefore等等, ,但有的短语和副词也可以起连但有的短语和副词也可以起连词作用词作用, ,引导时间状语从句。引导时间状语从句。1) the first/second/last time1) the first/second/last time我最后一次见到简的时候我最后一次见到简的时候, ,她正在读书。她正在读书。我第一次见到他时我第一次见到他时, ,他给我留下了深刻的他给我留下了深刻的印象。印象。The last time I saw Jane, she was reading.The last time I saw Jane, she was reading.I was deeply impressed by him the firstI was deeply impressed by him the firsttime I met him.time I met him.2) last time(2) last time(上次上次) )，next time(next time(下次下次), any ), any time(time(任何时候任何时候) )等等。上次我在巴黎时，他常来看我。上次我在巴黎时，他常来看我。下次你去国外时，带我一起去。下次你去国外时，带我一起去。什么时候你需要我的车什么时候你需要我的车, ,我都会借给你的。我都会借给你的。Last time I was in Paris, he often came Last time I was in Paris, he often came to see me.to see me.Take me next time you go abroad.Take me next time you go abroad.Ill lend you my car any time you need Ill lend you my car any time you need it.it.3) each time, every time (3) each time, every time (每次每次, , 每当每当) )每次我去看他每次我去看他, , 他都在喝酒他都在喝酒. .每次见面每次见面, , 他都向我问候他都向我问候, , 说说 “ “你好你好! !” ”Every time I went to see him, he was Every time I went to see him, he was drinking wine.drinking wine.He greeted with “Hello!” each time heHe greeted with “Hello!” each time hesaw me.saw me.4) all the time, the whole time 4) all the time, the whole time 一直一直, ,始始终终他发言时，她一直在认真听。他发言时，她一直在认真听。昨晚我看书时，她一直在酣睡。昨晚我看书时，她一直在酣睡。She listened carefully all the time he spoke.She listened carefully all the time he spoke.The whole time I was reading last night, The whole time I was reading last night, she was fast asleep.she was fast asleep.5) By the time 5) By the time 到到的时候为止的时候为止到到1414岁时岁时, ,爱因斯坦已自学了高等数学爱因斯坦已自学了高等数学. .By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had taught himself advanced mathematics.taught himself advanced mathematics.1.People do not know the value of freedom _ they have lost it. A. until B. when C. since D. as2. We are very glad _ you will cooperate with us in this project. A. since B. that C. as D. for3. Its a long time _ I saw you last. Yes, and what a pity it is since it will be long time _ we see each other again. A. before; since B. when; when C. since; before D. when; then 4. Ill give him your message _ he comes back from lunch. A. until B. as soon as C. while D. before5. I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice _ I picked up the phone. A. while B. after C. in case D. the moment6. Im green at everything. Dont worry. _ you get older, you get more experience. A. When B. Till C. As D. While 7. Parents should take seriously their childrens request for sunglasses _ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather. A. because B. though C. unless D. if8. He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder. A. as B. until C. while D. when9. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _ I could answer the phone. A. as B. since C. until D. before10. _ youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as11. _ everybody knows about it, I dont want to talk any more. A. For B. Even C. Since D. However12. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially _ Father was away in France. A. as B. that C. during D. if Word SpellingWord Spelling1. 1.宇宙宇宙宇宙宇宙 _2. 2.祝贺祝贺祝贺祝贺 _3. 3.文化的文化的文化的文化的 _4. 4.名人名人名人名人 _5. 5.政治政治政治政治 _universecongratulationculturalcelebritypolitics6. 6.经济经济经济经济 _7. 7.摄影师摄影师摄影师摄影师 _8. 8.领航员领航员领航员领航员 _9. 9. 历史历史历史历史( (上上上上) )的的的的 _ _ 10.10.在船在船在船在船( (飞机、飞机、飞机、飞机、 火车火车火车火车) )上上上上 _economyphotographernavigatorhistoricalaboard11.11.代替；取代代替；取代代替；取代代替；取代 _12.12.业余的业余的业余的业余的 _13.13.成就；功业成就；功业成就；功业成就；功业 _14.14.高兴的高兴的高兴的高兴的 _15.15.信念；信条信念；信条信念；信条信念；信条 _replaceamateurachievementdelightedbelief16.16.亲笔签名亲笔签名亲笔签名亲笔签名 _17.17.轨道轨道轨道轨道 _18.18.证据证据证据证据 _19.19.创立；建立创立；建立创立；建立创立；建立 _20.20.金融的金融的金融的金融的 _autographevidencefoundfinancialorbitTranslation：1.杨利伟从中国西北部的酒泉起飞。杨利伟从中国西北部的酒泉起飞。Yang Liwei took off from Jiuquan in northwest China.2.医院总共有医院总共有200个人。个人。In total, there are 200 people in the hospital.3.中国成为世界上第三个将人送入中国成为世界上第三个将人送入 太空的国家。太空的国家。China became the third nation to send a man into space.4. 35位科学家参加了会议，包括史密位科学家参加了会议，包括史密 斯先生。斯先生。Thirty-five scientists attended the meeting, including Mr. Smith. / Mr. Smith included.5. 爸爸一般很喜欢看电视，尤其是爸爸一般很喜欢看电视，尤其是 新闻。新闻。Father is fond of watching TV in general, especially news.6. NASA希望中国继续取得太空飞行领希望中国继续取得太空飞行领 域的成果。域的成果。NASA wishes China continuing success with its space flight programme.同学们同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全