广东省省级精品课程国际贸易Stillwatersrundeep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深Wherethereislife,thereishope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望Chapter 1： INTRODUCTIONl 1. General Reviewl1、The History and Station of the Course International TradelSoviet Model in Early Times.lInternational Economics in 90s.lOne of Compulsory Course for Students Majored in Economics.2、The Relation between International Trade and other Subjectsl2.1 The Subject Origin of International TradelInternational Economics(International Trade and International Finance) Economics Philosophyl2.2 International Trade vs Philosophy & Science2.3 The Relation between International Trade and other Courses in International Trade SubjectlEconomics is the forward course , especially Microeconomics；lIts the forward course of WTO, Transnational Corperations , International Investment, and etc；lIts the parallel course with General Review of Chinese Foreign Trade.3、Reference Materiall1) Peter Lindert（彼得（彼得.林得特），林得特）， International Economics，上海译文出版社，上海译文出版社，1985. l2) Dominick Salvatore, International Economics, Dominick Salvatore, International Economics, Eighth Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2004.Eighth Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2004.l l3)Paul Krugman and Maurice Obstfeld, 3)Paul Krugman and Maurice Obstfeld, International Economics: Theory and Policy International Economics: Theory and Policy (Fifth (Fifth Edition), Addison-Westley Publishing Company Edition), Addison-Westley Publishing Company ，2000.2000. l4) All kinds acdemic journals and newpapers, such as: International Trade, Journal of International Trade 、 World Economy、 International Business Daily、人大报刊复印资料。、人大报刊复印资料。l5) Internet. Such as: 中华人民共和国商务部中华人民共和国商务部.htm4、 Plan and Arrangement l1) 3 hours classes study every week;l2) 3 homeworks，one is course paper;l3) 1 seminar l4) 1 final testl5) 1 innovative teaching classl6) Course Evaluation lThe grading system for the course is based on the students academic performance. That includes : 30% homework & class performance +70% final exam. 2 2. . The Emergence & Development of The Emergence & Development of International International Trade & the theory of International TradeTrade & the theory of International Trade l1、 The Emergence & Development of International Trade l1.1 Concept lInternational trade is the exchange activity of goods and services across international borders or territories. lForeign trade is the exchange activity of goods and services between one country (district) with others.1.2 The Prerequisite for Emergence of International Tradel（ 1） There are surplus products for exchange;l（2） Establishment of national states with their own sovereignty. 1.3 The History of International Tradel1) The early international trade occurred in ancient Roma and Greece. Definitely, its only “trade between districts”.2) Only after industrial revolution, international trade and world market had definitely formed and got developed.3) After the Second World War， international trade entered a new developing era, especially in the fields of service trade, Transnational Corperations , International Investment.Value of World Merchandise TradeValue of World Merchandise TradeUnitUnit: : US$ US$ hundred million (hundred million (亿美圆亿美圆亿美圆亿美圆) ) ) )l l Year Export Import1950554.00580.0019601131.001194.0019703145.813289.21198019936.2520474.25199034250.4335565.09200061648.4063728.75 1.4 The History of Chinese Foeign TradelEarly Early in in Xihan,China Xihan,China started started trade trade with with Middle Middle East East and and Europe Europe through through the the famous famous “Silk Silk RoadRoad” 。lFrom From the the set set of of “Silk Silk RoadRoad” to to “the Opium War (1840-1842)”，the the development development of of Chinese Chinese foreign foreign trade were stgananttrade were stganant。lUntil Until mid mid 19s19s，China China had had benn benn opened opened its its foreign foreign trade trade door door by by European European and and American American artilleryartillery。lChina casted off the control of western China casted off the control of western countries only after the New China founded in countries only after the New China founded in 1949. But then1949. But then，for the reasons such as embargo for the reasons such as embargo from from western countries which leaded by U.S.western countries which leaded by U.S.，China had to carry on closed-door policy again. China had to carry on closed-door policy again. And its foreign trade falled into stagnancy And its foreign trade falled into stagnancy once more. once more. lSo，the export ratio of China in the world dropped from 1.9% in 1959 to 0.8% in 1969, then 0.74% in 1978！lAfter 1978, Chinese foreign trade entered into a fast developing period.From 1978 to 2006，the value of Chinese merchandise trade increased from US$ 20640 million(206.4亿亿美美圆圆) to US$ 1760690 million, the yearly average growth rate is over 15%，far more than that of other countries and the world average growth. China became the third country of trade in the world. Chinese service trade got developed in late 80s. The value of service export increased from the only US$ 2700 million in 1982 to US$ 5748 millionin 1990, then US$ 157081 million in 2005, and became the eighth service export country in the world. lQuestions(homework 1)Questions(homework 1)：l(1) Balance of foreign trade of China in (1) Balance of foreign trade of China in 2008 and 2009 ? 2008 and 2009 ? (2) (2) Balance of srevice trade of China in Balance of srevice trade of China in 2008 and 2009 ?2008 and 2009 ? l(3) How about the Chinese ratio and rank (3) How about the Chinese ratio and rank in world trade? in world trade? (4)Statistic trade datas of other main (4)Statistic trade datas of other main countries. countries. 2、 The Produce & Development of the Theory of International Tradel 国国际际贸贸易易中中充充满满的的异异国国情情调调和和浪浪漫漫主主义义色色彩彩，在在历历史史上上曾曾使使许许多多国国家家的的商商人人、航航海海家家、旅旅行行家家和和小小说说家家为为之之神神往往。他他们们的的口口述述笔笔扎扎在在促促进进各各族族人人民民的的经经济济贸贸易易交交往往中中曾曾起起过过很很大大作作用用。错错综综复复杂杂的的国国际际贸贸易易问问题题也也吸吸引引了了各各个个时时代代的的经经济济学学家家们们的的注注意意力力。每每一一代代的的著著名名经经济济学学家家都都参参加加到到国国际际贸贸易易问问题题的的讨讨论论中中。经经典典作作家家和和其其他他一一些些著著名名的的经经济济学学家家曾曾在这上面倾注过大量的心血。在这上面倾注过大量的心血。 （姚曾荫，国际贸易概论，第（姚曾荫，国际贸易概论，第8 8页，人民出版社，页，人民出版社，19871987）The Development Track of International Trade TheorylEarly 15sMid 18s， Mercantilism;lMid 18s，Trade based on absolute advantage (Adam Smith)；trade based on comparative advantage (David Ricardo ) ；lAfter 20s, H-O Model ；lThe Leontief Paradox by W. W. Leontief ;lSpecific factor model by Paul Samuelson ；lBhagwati Effect by Jagdish Bhagwati；lIntra-industry Trade Model by Paul Krugman；lTrade Model in Product Cycle by Raymond Vernon.3、 Study Pattern lInternational trade theoryis divided to:l Positive theory Positive theoryl Normative theory Normative theory lPositive Analysis：lMainly shows the relations between economic variables, analyses the reasons and results of all kinds trade behavior and policys, but not give judgment and comment. Positive Analysis is a kind of technical analysis. l Normative Analysis： is mainly the diagnosis and judgment or comment to the results of positive analysis .And the diagnosis and comment reflect different cognition and value view.lRelation between Positive Analysis and Normative Analysis:lUsually closely related, can not be cutted. Positive analysis supply the basis for normative analysis. A theory without positive analysis is always short of conviction 。On the other hands,if a theory only composed by positive analysis but no normative analysis, it ll lose its economic social significance.lSo， international trade theory should be the unite of positive analysis and normative analysis.lMost statements are not easily categorized as purely positive or purely normative. 4、Usual Economic Analysis Toolsl(1) The autarky equilibrium analysis - production possibility frontier (PPF), opportunity cost, indifference curve；l(2) Part equilibrium analysis - supply curve, demand curve. Implications for the production possibility frontierlyXlThe marginal rate of transformation (MRT) increases as more units of good X are produced.The marginal rate of transformation is another name for opportunity cost.The value of MRT is given by the slope of the PPF.Community indifference curveslA community indifference curve displays the combinations of two products that offer the community the same level of satisfaction.lCharacteristics of community indifference curves:Negative slopeConvex to the originDifferent curves do not crossCommunity indifference curvel YIIIIIIXThe marginal rate of The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) substitution (MRS) falls as more of falls as more of good X is consumed.good X is consumed.The MRS is the The MRS is the amount of one amount of one commodity that commodity that must be given up must be given up as one gains as one gains additional units additional units of another of another commodity.commodity.The autarky equilbriumlAutarky exists in the absence of international trade.lThe autarky equilibrium occurs when maximum societal satisfaction has been obtain from available production.lThis will occur when one community indifference curve is tangent to the PPF. XYReview : : C1. INTRODUCTIONl1. General Review 概述概述l1、国际贸易课程的历史及其地位国际贸易课程的历史及其地位l2 2、国际贸易与其他学科之间的关系、国际贸易与其他学科之间的关系l3 3、国际贸易课程学习参考资料、国际贸易课程学习参考资料l4 4、本学期学习安排、本学期学习安排l2. 国际贸易及其理论的产生和发展概述国际贸易及其理论的产生和发展概述l1 1、国际贸易的产生和发展、国际贸易的产生和发展( (世界和中国世界和中国) )l2 2、国际贸易理论的发展、国际贸易理论的发展l3 3、国际贸易的研究方法、国际贸易的研究方法l4 4、国际贸易研究常用的经济分析工具、国际贸易研究常用的经济分析工具