专题二阅读填空本题型主要考查考生的阅读理解能力、语篇分析能力以及对上下文逻辑关系的判断能力。通过对近三年高考题的分析可知：1.此类题型题目设置难度不大，通过上下文的词汇或短语提示，均可找到明确的答案，但选项中有两项特征相似或相近，要求考生仔细阅读文段，确定合适的答案。2.考点分布合理，突出主题句、详述句及平行句的考查，注重考查考生把握上下文逻辑关系的能力。考情分析3.根据此类题型特点，预计2016年在考查形式上不会有太大变化。在文章的选材方面可能会更富有灵活性，会出现一些生活气息较浓的文章或者一些趣味性的话题。做阅读填空首先是通读全文，大体掌握文章大意，然后通读答案，迅速找出和文章相对应的关键词，将选项填入文中，再次通读全文，研究多余选项，最终确定答案。基本步骤1.先看选项，通过选项中句子的句意或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的可能位置。2.再看空前空后，由于句子与句子之间有一种相关的联系，所以我们可以在选项中寻找与空前空后的句子有某种必然联系的关键词，从而选择正确的答案。3.注意代词在句子中的使用，利用代词的指代作用，我们可以从选项中找到相关的信息。答题技巧4.注意一些特殊疑问词，如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，那么就要寻找相对应的回答语。做题时需要注意的两个问题：1.如果问题设在段首，通常是段落的主题句。寻找主题句时，着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词，最后看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。2.如果问题设在段尾，通常是结论或概括性的语句，关键词要在空白前的一句或两句中寻找。 注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore，as a result，thus，hence，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word等词语。 (一)(2015全国)Building Trust in a Relationship AgainTrust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 Trust is a risk.But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.真题体验Unfortunately，weve all been victims of betrayal.Whether weve been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore. 37 Its understandable，but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there. 38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your wellbeing. 39 If youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”.At some point in all of our lives，well have our trust tested or violated.You didnt lose “everything”.Once trust is lost，what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead，its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.A.Learn to really trust yourself.B.It is putting confidence in someone.C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.D.Remember that you can expect the best in return.E.Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G.Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.36.解析第一句Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.(信任是我们从以往经历中获得的习得行为。)是对trust的解释。选项B中的it指代上文出现的trust，并且继续解释trust的含义；putting confidence in someone(对某人寄托信任)，故选B项。注意：选项B与第一句为顺承关系。答案B37.解析选项E与上文能形成因果关系。Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.(他们曾经受过严重伤害，不能容忍这种事情再次发生。)是上一句Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore.(有时候人们就是不能再信任别人。)的原因。并且与下一句Its understandable.(这是可以理解的)有顺承关系。答案E38.解析空格位于段首，根据文章结构分析，极有可能是祈使句。并且选项A.Learn to really trust yourself.(学会真正信任你自己。)与空格后的Having confidence in yourself形成同义复现。trust yourself相当于have confidence in yourself。答案A39.解析空格位于段首，根据文章结构分析，极有可能是祈使句。下文中If youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”.(如果你遭遇了背叛，那么你就成为客观环境的受害者。但是成为受害者与以“受害者的心态”活着是有区别的。)反复出现victim一词，而选项C中的关键词也为victim，形成原词复现。选项C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.(不要把自己当作受害者。)起到总起本段的作用。答案C40.解析Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.(看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见。)与下一句Instead，its a healthy way.for positive.(相反，这是一个健康的方式)形成转折关系。并且选项中的positive与下文的positive形成原词复现。答案G(二)(2015全国)Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs. 16 ，buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit. 17 .As always，you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day. 18 ，it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 19 .After two weeks，start timing yourself. 20 .Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.A.After six daysB.For a good marathon runnerC.Before you begin your trainingD.With each day，increase the distance by a half mileE.If they still feel good，you can begin running in themF.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of trainingG.Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time16.解析根据该空后面提供的语境buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find(购买你能找到的最合适的、最好的跑鞋)可知，这是为了跑马拉松而进行的准备，这应该是在进行马拉松训练之前做的事情，故选C项“Before you begin your training”。答案C17.解析由该空前的语境When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit.(当你发现似乎合适的鞋子时，穿着走动几天，再次检查其舒适度。)可知，E选项中they指的就是前面提到的shoes，属于指代一致。另外feel good与the fit相对应。故选E。答案E18.解析空前的During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day.(在第一周的时候，不要考虑跑了多远，但是每天都要比前一天多跑5分钟。)提到了the first week，即7天，空格后面说it is wise to take a day off to rest(休息一天是明智的)，这样剩余的就是6天，与A项相关。答案A19.解析根据该空格前面提供的语境But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.(但是在接下来的一周，树立每次至少跑1.5英里的目标。)可知，与D项的“每天增加半英里”意义衔接紧密。答案D20.解析 由该空前的After two weeks，start timing yourself.(两周后，开始给自己计时。)可知，这里的timing与G项中的improving distance and time意义相关。答案G(三)(2015北京)This Way to DreamlandDaydreaming means people think about something pleasant，especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing.Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of whats happening around them.They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 71 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 72 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First， understand that some opportunities(机 会 ) for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 73 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming，try to do it while you are involved in another taskpreferably something simple，like taking a shower or walking，or even making meaningless drawings.Its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.“Mindfulness”，being focused，is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 74 Finally，you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 75 Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.A.Having interesting things to think about also helps.B.They stare off into space and wander by themselves.C.Without wandering minds，we wouldnt have relativity，Coke or Postit notes.D.At one time，daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.E.It involves slow，steady breathing for selfcontrol that helps people stay calm and attentive.F.Daydreams are often very simple and direct，quite unlike sleep dreams，which may be hard to understand.G.Therefore，its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone.71.解析本段说的是大众印象中的“做白日梦”有哪些弊端，所以只能从B、D两项中进行选择，再结合此空前后They can.和They annoy.句式结构可确定B项为正确答案。答案B72.解析本段讲了“做白日梦”的许多好处。结合空后句中的such ideas and inventions以及选项中的relativity，Coke or Postit notes可以确定C项为正确答案。答案C73.解析本段主要讲如何做才能使自己获得“做白日梦”的机会。结合空前的will help和选项中的also helps可知，A项“想一些有趣的事情也有帮助(有助于进入做白日梦的境界)”为正确答案。答案A74.解析本段主要讲如何避免不合时宜地“做白日梦”。空前提到“集中注意力是一些人用来避免入睡的一种工具”，E项中的calm and attentive(沉着和专心)与此相符，选项中的it指代mindfulness。答案E75.解 析 根 据 前 一 句 中 .you never know what wonderful idea might strike.可知，此处是建议身边放一个笔记本或一台录音机，以便随时记下或录下你的好想法，所以应选择G项。答案G(四)(2014新课标全国)The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.1.CuriosityYour children need to be deeply curious. 37 Ask kids，“What ingredients(配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？” and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better？What could we try next time?2.CreativityTrue creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. 38 There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3.Interpersonal SkillsUnderstanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know whats going on inside our own head，but what about others？Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 39 “Why do you think shes crying？” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？” “If someone were to do that to you，how would you feel？”4.Self Expression 40 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideasmusic，acting，drawing，building，photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.A.Encourage kids to cook with you.B.And we cant forget science education.C.We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.D.So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist?E.Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.F.We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.G.Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.36.解析根据文章开头第一句The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.“未来的工作尚未发明出来”并且结合36空后面的By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well“通过帮助他们发展可以为他们很好服务的经典技能”可和，36空应该是个问句，D项“那么我们该如何帮助孩子们为尚不存在的工作做好准备呢？”符合语境。答案D37.解析根据该空后面提供的语境What ingredients(配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？“下次我们可以添加什么配料来让这些薄煎饼更好吃呢？”可知与cook有关，故选A项(鼓励孩子跟你一起烹饪)。答案A38.解析该空在2.Creativity之下，与“创造性”匹配的只有C项中的in new ways“用新的方法”，故C项为正确选项。答案C39.解析根据39空后面的几个问题：Why do you think shes crying？Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？.我们很容易判断出与F项的ask questions关系密切。故此处要填入F项“我们可以在我们的实际生活中这样做或者就故事中的角色进行提问”。答案F40.解析G项“能用有意义的方式交流想法是一项宝贵的技能”是对Self Expression“自我表达”技能的解释。expression“表达”与communicate“交流”是该题解答的关键。答案G(五)(2014新课标全国)Tips for Cooking on a Tight ScheduleFrom my experience，there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often：ability，money，and time. 16 Money is a topic Ill save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：1.Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and theres nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to cook？Do you have the right materials already？ 17 2.Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal，make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread？ 18 It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for a future meal.3. 19 This may surprise you，but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try，the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.Hopefully that gives you a good start. 20 And dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!A.Try new things.B.Ability is easily improved.C.Make three or four instead. D.Understand your food better.E.Cooking is a burden for many people.F.Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.G.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.16.解析空格前面提到了三个原因：ability，money，time。空格后面提到了money是作者改天再讨论的话题，紧接着后面提到了怎样充分利用时间，所以这里应该与第 一 项 ability有 关 ， 因 此 选 择 B项 (Ability is easily improved.)，这样就能做到前后呼应。答案B17.解析本段的主题句(Think ahead.)就是提前规划，并且段落中出现的信息think ahead of the coming week和后面问的问题都是强调提前进行规划有助于省去将来的大量劳动，与G项的信息一致。答案G18.解析结合本段的主题句(Make your time worth it.)可知，要充分利用你的时间，再根据空格前面的one可知，既然做一个也是做，为什么不多做点儿，以备将来之用呢？因此与C项的信息一致。答案C19.解析此空需要填一个主题句，它需要概括全段的内容。结合空格后面的信息词surprise，experimentation，new ideas等可知与A项“尝试新东西”信息一致。答案A20.解析结合空格前面的a good start和后面的dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes可知，此处与F项的信息，即“让做饭和简单生活成为一种享受，而不是一种负担”一致。答案F(六)(2014辽宁)Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life.Every waking moment，the eyes are working to see the world around us.Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight，but its easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes.Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight：Schedule yearly exams. 36 Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check.The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment，including eyeglasses.Protect against UV rays(紫外线).Longterm stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes.No matter what the season is，its extremely important to wear sunglasses. 37 .Give your eyes a break.Twothirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. 38 Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule：every 20 minutes，take a 20second break and look at something 20 feet away. 39 As part of a healthy diet，eat more fruits and vegetables each day.Vitamins(维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses(隐形眼镜).Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight.While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses，many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. 40 Otherwise，you may have problems such as red eyes，pain in the eyes，or a more serious condition.A.Eat your greens.B.Eye care should begin early in life.C.They can properly protect your eyes.D.Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.E.Parents usually dont care about their own eyesight.F.Always follow the doctors advice for appropriate wear.G.This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.36.解析空格后面的句子提到了父母应该带6到12个月大的婴儿去做检查，这正好与B项的early in life相匹配。答案B37.解析做阅读填空题时一定要注意空格前后句子的内容联系。该空前面句子中的sunglasses正好与C项的主语they相匹配，这样借助于前后句的依存关系，利用代词的指代查找，便能轻松解题。答案C38.解析G项中的主语this frequent eye activity指代的正是空格前面提到的每天花多达7个小时的时间用电脑或其他数码产品。答案G39.解析考查段落主旨句。选择主旨句时一定要注意该句能概括本段的大意。该段主要是说保护眼睛的饮食问题，关键词diet和eat也是提示。答案A40.解析knowhow类说明文中otherwise前面往往都要交代做法，多用祈使句形式。本段的主旨句部分中又出现了safe wear这一关键词，据此不难判断出正确答案为F。答案F(七)(2014北京)Evaluating Sources(来源) of Health InformationMaking good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation.A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information.Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information，how to separate fact from opinion，how to recognize poor reasoning，and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 71 Go to the original source.Media reports often simplify the results of medical research.Find out for yourself what a study really reported，and determine whether it was based on good science.Think about the type of study. 72 Watch for misleading language.Some studies will find that a behavior “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome；this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. 73 Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.Use your common sense.If a report seems too good to be true，probably it is.Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. 74 Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully，and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术). 75 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration，but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.A.Make choices that are right for you.B.The goal of an ad is to sell you something.C.Be sure to work through the critical questions.D.And examine the findings of the original research.E.Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.F.Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an authors point of view.G.The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.71.解析通读全文可知，本文为“总分总”结构。第一段简要提出我们要学会分析来自各种渠道的健康信息，下文接着就如何对这些信息进行分类整理给予一些建议。答案G72.解析根据该段作为主题句的第一句Go to the original source.(去探寻最初的来源。)可知，这一段都是围绕这个话题展开的，D项中的the original research与主题句相照应。答案D73.解析F项与第三段的主题句Watch for misleading language.相关，其中incorrectly explained与misleading相照应。答案F74.解析由空格前的Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.(对广告中所包含的信息一定要特别当心。)及该段中的be aware of quackery(警惕江湖骗术)可知，B项(广告的目的是卖出商品)符合该段语境。为了达到这个目的，商品的广告中可能包含虚假信息。答案B75.解析由该段中but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us可知，尽管我们有来自家人及朋友的大量信息，但归根结底还是要依靠我们自己来作出正确的选择。答案A