The power of nature Unit 5Section Learning about Language Unit 5课堂要点探究课堂要点探究2课堂达标验收课堂达标验收3课前新知预习课前新知预习1课前新知预习课前新知预习.单词拼写1_(n.)候选人；候补者2_(n.)平房；小屋3_(n.)台风4_(n.)雷暴5_(adj.)贵重的；珍贵的_(adv.)昂贵地；仔细地6_(n.)小说家_(n.)小说， 长篇故事7_(n.)雾8_(n.)文件；证件candidate bungalow typhoonthunderstormpreciouspreciouslynovelistnovelfogdocument9_(n.)彩虹10_(adj.)不舒服的；不舒适的_(反义词)11_(n.)阳台12_(adj.)失去知觉的；未察觉的_(反义词)13_(vt.)射中；射伤_(n.)射击；枪炮声rainbowuncomfortablecomfortablebalconyunconsciousconsciousshootshot.短语互译1be unconscious of _2shoot at _3find out _未意识到 朝射击 查明，弄明白，搞清楚.用所给动词的适当形式填空1We dont allow _(smoke) here. Especially we dont allow students _(smoke) here.2The window is dirty and wants _(clean)3_(give) her opinion about the new building，she left the meeting.4_(criticize) by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.5The gentleman _(stand) over there is our principal.答案：1.smoking; to smoke2.cleaning/to be cleaned3.Having given4.Having been criticized5.standing课堂要点探究课堂要点探究1.precious adj.贵重的；珍贵的The peacock is a precious bird in the subtropical zone.孔雀是亚热带的珍禽。Dont waste precious time talking to him. Hes not worth it.别浪费宝贵的时间跟他交谈，他不值得。知识拓展(1)preciously adv.昂贵的preciousness n珍贵(2)同义词：expensive adj.昂贵的比较网站precious, valuable & pricelessprecious指价钱或价值很高的、值钱的。valuable“宝贵的，贵重的，值钱的”，常用于指交换价值或使用价值，有时指某物因稀有而具有相当高的价值。priceless指具有不可估量的价值、无价的。Clean water is precious in that part of the world.在世界的那个地方，洁净的水是宝贵的东西。He made many valuable discoveries in science.他有很多有价值的科学发现。Human life is priceless.人的生命是无价的。 活学活用汉译英黄金实际上并不是世界上最珍贵的金属。_答案：Gold actually is not the most precious metal in the world.2unconscious adj.失去知觉的；未察觉的；无意识的He injured his head and was unconscious for one hour.他伤着了头部，一个小时没有知觉。That is an unconscious need to be loved.那是一种无意识的对爱的需求。知识拓展(1)be unconscious of sb./sth.未察觉；未意识到(2)conscious adj.意识到的；觉察到的She may become conscious before morning.她天亮前可能恢复知觉。I suddenly became conscious that someone was looking at me.我突然意识到有人在看着我。活学活用用恰当词语填空(1)_(conscious) that the bridge was in danger, the visitors were still driving on it.(2)He was unconscious _ the effect he had on the whole class.答案：(1)Unconscious(2)of3uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不舒适的；不自在的I feel uncomfortable after I have eaten too much.我吃得太多了，感到不舒服。I couldnt sleep well because the bed is uncomfortable.因为床不舒服，我没睡好。There was an uncomfortable silence.有一种令人不安的寂静。知识拓展comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的comfort v安慰；抚慰；宽慰uncomfortably adv.不舒适地；不舒服地活学活用用comfort的适当形式填空(1)_ though he felt, he made his way to the school by himself.(2)I feel it so _ to live in such a good house.(3)I was feeling _ hot.(4)The news that our team has won the match _ us.答案：(1)Uncomfortable(2)comfortable(3)uncomfortably(4)comforts 4shoot v射击；射中A man was shot in the leg.一个人被射伤了腿部。He shot at the bird, but missed it.他对着鸟开枪，但没射中。知识拓展(1)shoot at向射击shoot out抛出；射出；猛地伸出；抽出shoot up射出；喷出；迅速成长；急升(2)shot nC射击；枪炮声Someone took a shot at the wolf.有人朝那匹狼开枪。We heard some shots in the distance.我们听见远处有几声枪响。The striker had/took a shot at goal.前锋射门。比较网站shoot与shoot atshoot表示“射中或射死某人/某物”，强调射击的结果。shoot at意为“朝着或对准某人/某物射击”，只强调射击的动作，不强调射击的结果。He fired and shoot the enemy.他开了枪并且射中了敌人。The new soldier shot at the target, but missed it again.新兵瞄准靶子射击，但又没有射中。图解助记活学活用(1)The fox ran away before the hunter _ it.(2)The hunter _ _ the bear but didnt _ it.答案：(1)shot(2)shot at; shoot1.The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD took the people of Pompeii by surprise.公元79年维苏威火山的爆发令庞培城的人们大吃一惊。句中take. by surprise的意思是“使吃惊”，另外还可作“突然袭击”解。如：The heavy rain took us all by surprise.这场大雨使我们大家猝不及防。We were taken by surprise while sleeping.我们在睡梦中遭到突袭。知识拓展(1)in/with surprise 吃惊地He opened his eyes wide in surprise.他吃惊地睁大了眼睛。(2)to ones surpriseto the surprise of sb. 使某人吃惊的是Much to my surprise, she failed in the examination.使我非常吃惊的是，她考试没及格。活学活用由于受到突袭，这个城镇被人民解放军占领了。_ _ _， the town was seized by PLA men.答案：Taken by surprise2I rushed downstairs only to see my hostess lying unconscious on the floor, surrounded by her guests.我冲到楼下，却意外地发现我的女主人不省人事地躺在地板上，她的客人们围着她。only to see.为动词不定式，在句中作结果状语；lying unconscious是现在分词作see的宾语补足语；surrounded by her guests为过去分词作伴随状语。I walked all the way from home to the library, only to find it closed.我从家里一路走到图书馆，不料已经关门了。He saw her reading in the classroom.他看见她正在教室里读书。They found themselves surrounded by friends.他们发现自己被朋友围了起来。The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.老师进了实验室，随后跟着几个学生。比较网站only to do/only doingonly后接动词不定式和现在分词都被用作结果状语。only to do意为“不料(却)，结果(却)”，表示一个没有料到的结果。only doing意为“结果就”，表示一个意料之中的结果。图解助记He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.他急忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。He died, only leaving nothing but debts.他死了，结果只留下了一身债务。活学活用补全句子(1)(真题改编四川)汤姆乘出租车到了机场，发现他要乘坐的飞机已高在天空。Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ _ his plane high up in the sky.(2)盘子从他手中掉下来，结果摔成了碎片。He dropped the plate, _ _ it into pieces.答案：(1)to find(2)only breaking动词ing形式一、v.ing形式的定义与分类动词的ing形式是一种非谓语动词。它仍保有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成短语。动词的ing形式包括动名词与现在分词，也可统称为v.ing形式。动名词在句中用作主语，宾语，表语，定语；而现在分词在句中用作表语、定语、状语与宾语补足语。二、动名词的基本用法1动名词作主语动名词可用作句子的主语。动名词在句中的位置通常有两种，一种位于句首，另一种是用it作形式主语，而将动名词短语移至句末。Its no good sending him over.派他去没用。Smoking does harm to your health.吸烟对你的健康有害。2动名词作宾语动名词可用作某些动词、动词短语及介词的宾语。Your shoes need repairing.你的鞋该补了。The boy admitted stealing the money.这个孩子承认偷了这笔钱。(1)常用动名词作宾语的动词及动词短语，我们可以用口诀归纳如下：考虑建议盼原谅(consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon)承认推迟没得想(admit，delay/put off，fancy)避免错过继续练(avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practise)否认完成停能赏(deny，finish，quit，enjoy/appreciate)不禁介意准逃亡(cant help，mind，allow/permit，escape)不准冒险凭想像(forbid，risk，imagine)(2)need，want，require，be worthdoing表示被动意义The house need repairing.房子需修理了。The Great Wall is worth visiting.长城值得参观。3动名词作表语Her job is cleaning the window.她的工作是擦窗子。4动名词作定语(表用途)There is some drinking water here.这儿有一些饮用水。三、现在分词现在分词可在句中作表语、定语、状语与补足语，本单元只讲现在分词作状语。现在分词/动词ing形式作状语时，表示的动作或状态与谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎是同时发生的，或是先于谓语动词表示的动作或状态发生，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。动词ing形式作状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步、结果等，多用逗号同句子其他成分隔开。并且可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句。1现在分词(v.ing)的基本形式动词形式意义以do为例一般式doing主动式doing与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与谓语动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生。被动式being done与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生。动词形式意义以do为例完成式havingdone 主动式havingdone与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动作发生。被动式havingbeen done与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。Hearing the news, they immediately set off.听到这个消息，他们立即出发了。Having written a letter, I listened to music for a while.写完信后，我听了一会儿音乐。Having been held back by the traffic jam, she couldnt get there on time.她被交通阻塞耽搁了，无法准时到达那里。2现在分词作状语的基本用法(1)作时间状语。强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，动词ing形式之前可用连词while或when等。如Walking in the park, she saw an old friend. When she was walking in the park, she saw an old friend.在公园散步时，她看到一个老朋友。While playing the piano, she got very excited. While she was playing the piano, she got very excited.弹钢琴时(过程中)，她变得十分激动。Having finished their homework, they all went out to play. After they had finished their homework, they all went out to play.完成作业后，他们都出去玩了。(2)作原因状语。相当于原因状语从句。如：Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address. As he didnt recognize the voice，he refused to give the person his address.因为没听出那个人是谁，他拒绝把自己的地址给他。Being so angry，he couldnt go to sleep. As he was so angry，he couldnt go to sleep.因为太生气了，他睡不着。(3)作让步状语。相当于一个让步状语从句。有时动词ing形式前可带有连词although，even if，even though等。如：Although working hard from morning till night, he didnt get enough food. Although he worked from morning till night，he didnt get enough food.虽然他从早到晚拼命干，但挣的还是不够吃。Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.尽管被告知许多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。(4)作结果状语。作结果状语时，通常放在句末，用逗号与前面的部分隔开；有时为了突出结果，其前可带thus。如：She was so angry that she threw the plates on the floor, breaking them into pieces.她是如此生气以致于把盘子扔在地上，摔得粉碎。The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay.公共汽车被风雪所阻，因而耽搁了。(5)作条件状语。作条件状语时，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。如：Taking(If you take)the path that leads out of the town，you will come to a dense wood.如果你沿着通向郊外的小道前进，就会走到一片密林处。(6)表示方式或伴随情况。这种用法可以用并列复合句或两个简单句代替。如：They came into the classroom singing and laughing.They sang and laughed，and came into the classroom.他们又唱又笑地走进了教室。He stood leaning against the wall.He stood and leaned against the wall.他靠墙站着。3现在分词作状语的注意事项(1)主语一致现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致，否则就要在分词前加上其自身的逻辑主语构成分词的独立结构。Mary coming back, they discussed that together.玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论了那件事。Weather permitting, we shall go there on foot.天气允许的话，我们就步行去那儿。温馨提示分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，但不构成语法错误的常见分词(短语)：副词(frankly/generally.)speaking, judging from, talking of, considering等。(2)否定形式现在分词的否定形式是“not现在分词”。Not knowing how to do it，he had to ask for help.因为不知道该怎样做，他不得不寻求帮助。Not having received any reply，he decided to write another letter.由于没收到任何答复，他决定再写一封信。高考链接1(2014北京25)The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _.ARecognizingBbeing recognizedChaving recognizedDhaving been recognized答案：B 考查动名词的用法。recognize“认出”，为及物动词，且与句子主语he构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动形式，而D项表示发生在主句谓语之前的动作，不符合句子语境。句意为：那位电影明星戴着太阳镜。因此，他去购物的时候就不会被人认出来了。2(2014江苏29)The lecture _， a lively question andanswer session followed.Abeing givenBhaving givenCto be given Dhaving been given答案：D考查非谓语动词。a lively questionandanswer session followed紧跟着是一个问答环节，是句子主干，所以逗号前面部分是要用非谓语动词作状语，the lecture与give之间是被动关系，又give动作发生在follow动作之前，所以要用having been done形式作状语，即表示别动，又强调完成，故选D项。而being given表示被动，动作正在进行，与下文的紧跟一个问答环节矛盾。3(2014江西31)_ nearly all our money, we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel. AHaving spentBTo spendCSpentDTo have spent答案：A考查非谓语动词作状语。题意：花光了我们差不多所有的钱，我们住不起旅馆了。动词spend与主语we之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，又动作spent发生在主句动作couldnt afford之前，所以用having done形式作状语，表示主动，强调完成，故选A项。To spent不定式作状语表示目的，spent过去分词作状语表示与主语之间是被动关系，皆不合题意。4(2013湖南25)The sun began to rise in the sky, _ the mountain in golden light.Abathed BbathingCto have bathed Dhave bathed答案：B考查现在分词短语做伴随状语。题意：太阳从东方升起，整个山沐浴在霞光里。太阳升起时，bathe the mountain in golden light这一动作伴随发生，the sun与bathe之间为主动关系，且句子两部分之间没有连词，所填内容为非谓语，故用现在分词短语做伴随状语。5(2013山东33)_ at the cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there again.AHaving eatenBTo eatCEat DEating答案：A本题考查非谓语动词。题意：Tina以前去过这家餐厅，她不想再到那儿吃饭。此处是非谓语动词作状语，根据关键词before可知，此处表示以前的动作，而且与句子的主语之间是主动关系，故用现在分词的完成时态。每空填一词，使该句与所给句子的意思相同。1After the scientists had studied the information, they predicted that the lava would flow through the village._ _ _ _， the scientists predicted that the lava would flow through the village.2Because I had experienced a few earthquakes before，I wasnt frightened._ _ a few earthquakes before，I wasnt frightened.3As I had never seen a volcano erupting before, I was very excited._ _ _ a volcano erupting before, I was very excited.4Because I had spent all night watching the game, I was very tired the next day._ _ all night watching the game, I was very tired the next day.5As I came out of my house，I saw my father planting trees in the garden._ _ _ my house, I saw my father planting trees in the garden.答案：1.Having studied the information2.Having experienced3.Never having seen4.Having spent5.Coming out of课堂达标验收课堂达标验收.单词拼写1Her daughter is the most _(宝贵的) person to her in the world.2The foreign ministers of the two countries signed the _(文件) yesterday.3She still finds it _(不舒服的) to stand without support.4They found him lying _(失去知觉的) on the floor.5There were a large number of _(候选人) for the job.答案：1.precious2.document3.uncomfortable4.unconscious5.candidates.用现在分词把下列句子转换成简单句1The train was caught in heavy snow，which caused the delay._2If you work hard，youll pass the exam._3Though I admit what she had said，I dont think that she has tried her best._，I dont think that she has tried her best.4Because they had been warned by their parents, they didnt dare to go out at night._5After she had finished her homework, the little girl went to bed._6As I dont know much Japanese，I am afraid I cant express myself clearly._答案：1.The train was caught in heavy snow，thus causing the delay.2Working hard，youll pass the exam.3Admitting what she had said4Having been warned by their parents, they didnt dare to go out at night.5Having finished her homework, the little girl went to bed.6Not knowing much Japanese, I am afraid I cant express myself clearly.