形容词在句中的作用形容词用来修饰名词或代词作定语，或用作表语The angry father shouted at his son. Tom was angry with his father. 形容词用于连系动词后作表语 Its getting cold. These cakes taste nice. 某些形容词如happy, glad, surprised, sure, afraid 等用作表语时，可接动词不定式或状语从句Im glad to meet you. He was surprised to see his teacher. We were happy to learn that our teacher had got well. Im sure that they will come and watch our performance. 形容词用作宾语补足语Many foreigners find Chinese difficult. Well make our school more beautiful. We must keep our classroom clean. 只用作表语的形容词alone, afraid, asleep, well, ill, sorry, sure, glad She is alone in her bedroom. Be quiet, please. The baby is asleep. Are you sure of its truth?形容词的主动意义和被动意义The weather is pleasant these days.He is pleased with our compositions.The cartoon is very interesting. Even my parents are interested in the cartoon. What freezing weather!The pool was frozen.sunrainwindcloudfriendcareinterestuse掌握下列名词和形容词的转化掌握下列名词和形容词的转化sunnyrainywindycloudycarefulinterestingfriendlyuseful多个形容词修饰名词的顺序问题问题问题问题1 1 John Smith, a successful businessman, has a car. （04辽宁） Alarge German white Blarge white German Cwhite large German DGerman large white 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词限定词限定词限定词- -数词数词数词数词- -描绘词描绘词描绘词描绘词-(-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，大小，长短，形状，新旧，大小，长短，形状，新旧，大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色颜色颜色颜色) -) -出处出处出处出处- -材料性质，类别材料性质，类别材料性质，类别材料性质，类别- -名词名词名词名词 根据这个公式，就不难排列出：大小根据这个公式，就不难排列出：大小根据这个公式，就不难排列出：大小根据这个公式，就不难排列出：大小 + + 颜色颜色颜色颜色 + + 出处，出处，出处，出处，故选择故选择故选择故选择B B。B问题问题问题问题2:2: This _ girl is Linds cousin. (05北京卷) A. pretty little SpanishB. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty littleD. little pretty Spanish 问题问题问题问题3 3：One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old由“限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -性质-名词”的公式可知，描绘词 + 大小 + 出处的顺序，最符合答案。根据排列顺序： 大小、形状大小、形状 + +年龄年龄+ +颜色颜色+ +来源来源+ +质地质地+ +用途用途+ +名词名词可选择AAA1.副词的作用副词的作用: 用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及句子全句或名词词组及句子用用 法法例例 句句作表语作表语My mother is out 作定语作定语The girl there is my friend 作状语作状语He runs fast 作宾补作宾补I found him outside二 、副词副词的分类时间副词 yesterday, then, later, just, soon, first, finally, never, seldom, often 地点副词 here, there, home, anywhere, everywhere, somewhere, above, down, back 方式副词 carefully, clearly, easily程度副词 very, quite, rather疑问副词 when ,how, why连接副词 however句子副词 certainly, generally, surely2.有许多副词是对应的形容词有许多副词是对应的形容词加加ly构成构成real really如如: strong strongly词尾是词尾是y的要把的要把y变为变为i再加再加 ly,如如:busy busily happy happily有几个特殊的要去有几个特殊的要去e后再加后再加-ly或或y,如如:true truly terrible -terribly以以e结尾的结尾的,大部分直接加大部分直接加-ly, 如如:wide widely brave bravely good的副词是的副词是well. well 也可作形容也可作形容词用，但只有唯一的意思词用，但只有唯一的意思healthy 健康的健康的hard 既是形容词也是副词既是形容词也是副词,作形容词作形容词是是“困难的困难的”difficult，作副词是作副词是“努力地努力地”。hardly的意思是的意思是“几乎不几乎不”它和它和hard没关系没关系注意下面兼有两种形式的副词注意下面兼有两种形式的副词 1)close 与与 closely close意思是“近”； closely 意思是“仔细地” He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.2)late 与与 lately late意思是“晚”； lately 意思是“最近” You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?3) deep 与与 deeplydeep意思是“深”，表示时间和空间深度；deeply时常 表示感情上的深度，深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud. He often works deep into the night. Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4)high 与与 highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.5) wide 与与 widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多 地方” He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.6) free 与与 freely free的意思是免费；freely 的意思是无限制地 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like. 形容词和副词的级别 构成方法构成方法 原级原级 比较级比较级 最高级最高级一般在词尾加一般在词尾加 -er 或或 -est以字母结尾的，以字母结尾的，加加 -r 或或 -st以重读闭音节结尾，以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音且末尾只有一个辅音字母，要先双写这一字母，要先双写这一字母，再加字母，再加 -er 或或 -est以辅音字母加以辅音字母加 y 结结尾的，先把尾的，先把 y 变成变成 i，再加再加 -er 或或 -est单单音音节节词词和和部部分分双双音音节节词词双双音音节节词词和和多多音音节节词词在形容词、在形容词、副词前加副词前加more 或或 most。tall, long, taller, longertallest, longestnice, latenicer, laternicest, latestbig, thinbigger, thinner biggest, thinnesthappyheavyhappierheavierhappiestheaviestbeautifulcarefulexpensiveinterestingdangerousmore beautifulmore carefulmore expensivemore interestingmore dangerousGrammarmost beautifulmost carefulmost expensivemost interestingmost dangerous 二、不规则变化：（需记忆）二、不规则变化：（需记忆） 原原 形形 比比 较较 级级 最最 高高 级级good wellbadillmanymuchlittleoldfarbetter worsemorelessolderelderfartherfurtherbest worstmostleastoldesteldestfarthestfurthestGrammarGrammar 用法：用法： (一一) 原级原级1、是形容词和副词的基本形式，用来描述人物或动作。、是形容词和副词的基本形式，用来描述人物或动作。 e.g. John is a tall boy. Our country is beautiful and strong. Rabbits run fast.2、用于原级比较。表示两者在某一方面程度相同，用用于原级比较。表示两者在某一方面程度相同，用 “as + 形容词（副词）原形形容词（副词）原形 + as” 的句型。表示甲在某一方面不的句型。表示甲在某一方面不 及乙时，用及乙时，用 “not as (so) + 形容词（副词）原形形容词（副词）原形 + as” 的句型。的句型。 e.g. Joan is just as careful as Kate. Tom walks as fast as Mike. Its not as (so) warm today as yesterday. He didnt come as (so) early as Wanglin.Grammar (二二) 比较比较级级 用来比较两个人或两个物。用来比较两个人或两个物。句型是句型是 (1) 比较级比较级 + than (2) 比较级比较级 ( 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句)， or e.g. A horse is heavier than a sheep. Her nails are longer than mine. The boy runs faster than his elder brother. Who is more careful, Rose or Mary? Which is bigger, the sun or the moon? Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. She writes better than anyone else in her class.注意：在形容词、副词的比较级前，可以用注意：在形容词、副词的比较级前，可以用 much, a little, still, even, far, a bit, a lot 等来修饰。等来修饰。e.g. Mike is much taller than Tom. May I keep this book a little longer? Little James is even stronger than his father. (三三) 最高级最高级用来比较三个或三个以上的人或物。用来比较三个或三个以上的人或物。一般都带有一个由一般都带有一个由 of 或或 in 构成的表示范围的介词短语。构成的表示范围的介词短语。e.g. This elephant is the heaviest one in the zoo. Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth? The sun is the biggest of the three. David is the cleverest boy in his class. Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth. Who works (the) hardest, Tom, Jack or Mike? She sings (the) best of us four. Lesson 10 is the most difficult in Book I.注意：形容词最高级前一定要有定冠词注意：形容词最高级前一定要有定冠词 the，副词最高级可有可无。副词最高级可有可无。Grammar 1、as as 结构结构问题问题问题问题1 1： John is the tallest boy in the class, _ according to himself. A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as 问题问题问题问题2 2： What a table! Ive never seen such a thing before. It is _ it is long. Ahalf not as wide asBwide not as half as Cnot half as wide asDas wide as not half BCas tall as “高达”, five foot eight = five feet eight inchesas wide as 是比较，所以倍数词应放在前面。说明：说明：1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。He cannot run so/as fast as you.2）当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。 as +形容词+ a +单数名词 as + many/much +名词 This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can.3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的 前面。This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size as mine.4) 倍数+ the + n + of 倍数+ as + adj. + as This bridge is three times as long as that one.This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.Your room is twice the size of mine. 5) 数量词 + senior / junior + to He is seven years senior to his wife. I am three years junior to my elder sister.、 more than 结构结构问题问题问题问题1 1：Is your headache getting _? No, its worse. AbetterBbadClessDwell 问题问题问题问题2 2： Youre standing too near the camera. Can you move _? A. a bit farB. a little farther C. a bit of fartherD. a little far问题问题问题问题3 3： The number of people present at the concert was _ than expected. There were many tickets left. Amuch smallerBmuch more Cmuch largerDmany moreABA1）要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is cleverer than his brother.2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 (错) China is larger that any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other country in Asia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4）程度词 a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等词可修饰比较级。除 外，还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。以 上词 (除by far) 外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前 面。而 by far 一般置于比较级之后和最高级之前。、of the two 结构结构问题问题问题问题1 1： Of the two shirts, Id like to choose _ one. A. the less expensiveB. the most expensive C. less expensiveD. most expensive问题问题问题问题2 2： If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was _ choice. A. goodB. the bestC. betterD. the better说明：说明：在 of the two 结构中，比较级前要加 the，但如果不在 of the two 结构中，要注意冠词的使用。后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有冠词。 比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters. AD4、the + 最高级最高级 + 比较范围比较范围 问题问题问题问题1 1：David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels_ desire to go to bed. A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least 问题问题问题问题2 2： Greenland, _ island in the world, covers over two million square kilometers. A. it is the largestB. that is the largest C. is the largestD. the largestDD1)形容词最高级前必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。 The shortest boy runs fastest in the 100-meter race. 形容词 most 前面没有 the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。It is a most important problem. = It is a very important problem.注意：注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 (错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2) 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almostThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 注意：注意：a. very 可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。 This is the very best. This is much the best.b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。 Africa is the second largest continent.3) 句型转换： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.4) “否定词语 + 比较级”，“否定词语 + so as” 结构表示最 高级含义。 Nothing is so easy as this.= Nothing is easier than this.= This is the easiest thing. 5、和、和more有关的词组有关的词组 1) the more the more越就越 The harder you work，the greater progress youll make.2) more B than A与其说A不如说B less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work.3) no more than 与一样(不)，不比多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor.no less than与一样 He is no less diligent than you.4) more than不只是，非常She is more than kind to us all.