初中英语常用知识点总结初中英语常用知识点总结被动语态初中英语学习最难的是语法，因为英语的语法跟汉语的语法有很大的不同。其中被动语态是初中英语学习的重点和难点。被动语态特点和用法。一、被动语态的构成形式 1.被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由 be+过去分词构成，be 随时态的变化而变化。以 do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为: 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词)一般现在时例：Visitors are requested not to touch the e 某 hibits. 2) has /have been done 现在完成时例：All the preparations for the task have been completed, andwere ready to start. 3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时例：A new cinema is being built here. 4) was/were done 一般过去时例：| was given ten minutes to decide whether | should reject theoffer. 5) had been done 过去完成时例：By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had beencompleted in Beijing. 6) was/were being done 过去进行时例：A meeting was being held when I was there. 7) shall/will be done 一般将来时例:Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.第 1页 共 10页 8) should/would be done 过去将来时例:The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as itarrived. 9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)例:The project will have been completed before July. 2.被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+ be+过去分词。例:The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例:His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He wasgiven a present by his mother for his birthday. 3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例:Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy wascaught smoking a cigarette. 4)在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice,hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。例：Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为 Astranger was seen to walk into the building. 5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词+介词”，“动词+ 副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体, 不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。第 2页 共 10页例：The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 3.非谓语动词的被动语态 v+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。如何使用 1)如何使用被动语态;学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。 1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省 by 短语)。例：My bike was stolen last night. 2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例：| was given ten minutes to decide whether | should accept theoffer. 3.为了更好地安排句子。例：The well-known person got on the bus and was immediatelyrecognized by people. (一个主语就够了) 2)It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示”据说”或相信”的动词如 believe, consider, e 某 pect,report, say,suppose, think 等可以用于句型It+ be+过去分词+that 从句”或“主语+ be+过去分词+to do sth.。有:It is said that. 据说,It is reported that. .据报道， It is believed that.大家相信，It ishoped that.大家希望， It is well known th.众所周知，It is thought that.大家认为, It is suggested that. .据建议。例：lt is said that the boy has passed the national e 某 am. (=The boy is said to have passed the national e 某 am. ) 3)谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1.英语中有很多动词如 break, catch， clean， drive， lock， open，第 3页 共 10页sell, read ,write, wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。例：This kind of cloth washes well.注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较: The door wont lock. (指 i 本身有毛病) The door wont be locked. (指不会有人来锁门,指“I 没有锁”是人的原因) 2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如: happen, last, takeplace, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。例：How do the newspapers come out?这些报纸是如何引出来的呢? 3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel, sound,taste, book，feel 等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例：Your reason sounds reasonable 4)非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。 1.在 need, want, require, bear 等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。例：The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。 2.形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而 worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例：The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book isvery worthy tobe read.) 3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和第 4页 共 10页句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例：I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do 与 things是动宾关系，与 I 是主谓关系。)试比较: I II go to the post office. Do you have a letter to beposted? (此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明 you 不是 post 动作的执行者。) 4.在某些形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有 nice,easy, fit, hard, difficult, important,impossible, pleasant, interesting 等。例：This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作 to work out 省略了 for me). 5.在 too. to. .结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例：This book is too e 某 pensive (for me) to buy. 6.在 there be.句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例：There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用 to lose 可看成 for usto lose;用 to be lost，谁 lost time 不明确。) 7.在 be to do 结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响，下列动词 rent,blame,let 等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例：Who is to blame for starting the fire?秋风，唱给田野动听的歌初中英语知识点总结：句型结构初中英语语法中，有很多特殊句型结构，牢记这些句型结构，以后再运用上就可以得心应手。下面是初中英语重点句型结构总结，希望能帮助到大家。 1、see，hear，notice，find，feel，listen to，look at (感官动词)+do eg: I like watching monkeys jump.2、 (比较级 and 比较级) 表示越来第 5页 共 10页越3 、a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 补：a place ofinterest 名胜 4、 agree with sb. 赞成某人 5、 all kinds of 各种各样 akind of 一种/样 6、 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界 7 、along with 同一道，伴随 eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 The students planted trees along with their teachers.学生同老师们一起种树。 8、 As soon as 一就 9 、as you can see 你是知道的 10、 ask for 求助 向要(直接接想要的东西) eg: ask youfor my book 11 、ask sb. for sth. 向某人什么 12、 ask sb. to do sth. 询问某人某事 ask sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不要做某事 13、 at the age of 在岁时 eg：I am si 某 teen. I am at the ageof si 某 teen.14 、at the beginning of 的起初;的开始 15、at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of theday16、 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 补：at least 至少 17、 be /feel confident of sth. /that clause + 从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg: I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel thatI can pass the test 18 、be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 、be able to (+ v.原) = can (+ v.原) 能够eg: She is ableto sing. She can sing. 补：base on 以(为)根据 20、 be able to do sth. 能够干什么 eg: She is able to sing. 21、 be afraid to do (of sth. 恐惧，害怕eg: Im afraed to goout at night. Im afraid of dog.22 、be allowed to do 被允许做什么eg: Im allowed to watch TV. 我被允许看电视。I should be allowed towatch TV. 我应该被允许看电视。 23 、be angry with sb. 生某人的气 eg: Dont be angry with me.第 6页 共 10页 24、 be angry with (at) sb. for doing sth. 为什么而生某人的气 25、 be as 原级 as 和什么一样 eg: She is as tall as me. 她和我一样高。 26 、be ashamed to 27 、be away from 远离 28、 be away from 从离开 29 、be bad for 对什么有害 eg: Reading books in the sun is badfor your eyes. 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好。30、 be born 出生于 31、 be busy doing sth. 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth. 忙于 32、 be careful 当心;小心 be close to 离很近 33、 be different from 和不一样 34、 be famous for 以著名 35 、be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 、be from = come from 来自 eg：He is from Bejing. He comesfrom Bejing.Is he from Bejing? Does he come from Bejing?37 、be fullof 装满的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water theglass is filled with water38 、be glad + to do/从句 做某事很高兴 39 、be going to + v.(原) 打算，计划，准备40 、be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于 41、 be good for 对什么有好处 eg: Reading aloud is good for yourEnglish.42、 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43、 be helpful to sb. 对某人有好处 eg: Reading aloud is helpful to you. 大声朗读对你有好处。E 某ercising is helpful to your bady. 锻炼对你的身体有好处。 44、 be in good health 身体健康 45、 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are intronble 46、 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣 47、 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟第 7页 共 10页到 48 、be like 像 eg: Im like my mother. 49 、be mad at 生某人的气 50、 be made from 由制成(制成以后看不见原材料) 补：be made in在生产或制造 51、 be made of 由制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)52、 be notsure 表不确定 53、be on a visit to 参观 54、 be popular with sb. 受某人欢迎 补：be please with 对感到满意 55、 be quiet 安静 56、be short for 表的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰 57、be sick in bed 生病在床 58、be sorry to do sth. be sorry for sb. eg: I am sorry for you. 59、 be sorry to hear that 60、be sorry to trouble sb.eg: I am sorry to trouble you. 61、be strict in doing sth. 严于做某事 eg: Hes strict in obeyingnoles 62、be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are notstrict with them selves. 这些学生对自己不严格。 63、be strict with sb in sth. 某方面对某人严格 64、 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 65、 be sure 表确定 66、besure of doing sth. 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sureof learning English well67、 be sure of sth. 对做某事有信心 eg: Imsure of my head (my teacher). 我相信我的大脑(老师)。 68、be sure that sth. 对做某事有信心 eg: Im suer that he canpass the test. 我相信他能通过考试。69、be sure to do sth. 一定会做某第 8页 共 10页事 eg: We are sure to pass the test. 我们一定会通过这次考试 We aresure to learn English well. 我们一定能学好英语。 70、be terrified of + 名/动 doing 害怕 71、 be terrified to do sth. 害怕做某事 72、be the same as 和什么一样 73、be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 eg: My father is used togetting up early. 我爸爸习惯早起。He is used to sleeping in class. 他习惯上课睡觉.He is used to working hard.He is used to hard work. 他习惯努力工作 74、be worth doing 值得做什么 75、be (feel) afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 be afraid of sth. 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句 76、because + 句子 because of + 短语 eg: He was late because he had a headache. He was late because of his headache. 77、begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start with =begin with 以开始eg: Lets begin the game with thesong. I begin to go home. 78、between and 两者之间 79、borrow sth. from sb. 向借 lend sth. to sb. lend sb. sth. 借给什么东西 eg: I borrowed a pen from him. He lent a pen to me (he lent me apen). 80、both = the same (as) = not different (from) 表相同 81 bother 打扰 bother sb. to do sth. 补：both and 和都 eg : Im sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to thestation 我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站。The problem hasbeen bothering me for weeks. 这个问题困扰了我几个周了。第 9页 共 10页 Hes bothering me to lend him money. 82、by the end of 到为止 83、call sb. sth. eg: We call him old wang. 84、care 关心 eg: Dont you care about this countrys future? 你为什么不关心国家的未来。 85、catch up with sb. 赶上某人 86、chat with sb. 和某人闲谈 take sb. to + 地点 带某人去某地 87、come in 进来 88、come over to 过来 89、come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea? 你能想出一个好办法吗? 90、communicate with sb. 和某人交流 91、consider + doing 考虑做eg: Why not consider going to luzhou? 为什么不考虑去泸州? 92 dance to 随着跳舞 eg: She likes dancing to the music. 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞。 93、decide to do sth. 决定做某事 94、do a survey of 做某方面的调查 95、do better in 在方面做得更好补：do well in 在方面干的好 96、do wrong 做错补：droup off 放下(某物)97 Dont forget to do sth. 不要忘了做某事。98 Dont mind+doing /从句 /名词. 不要介意。99、each + 名(单)每一个100、endup + doing第 10页 共 10页