n nWang yongqingn nphysiology, school of life sciencen n04/24/2006miRNA的生物合成过程The Biogenesis of miRNAsn n2005;32(8) 2005;32(8) 生物化学与生物物理进展生物化学与生物物理进展 2005;32(8) 2005;32(8) ProgProgBiochemBiochem BiophysBiophysn n 李伟李伟 金由辛金由辛 LI LI WeiWei，JIN You-JIN You-XinXinn n中国科学院上海生命科学研究院生物化学与细胞生物学研中国科学院上海生命科学研究院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所，分子生物学国家重点实验室，上海究所，分子生物学国家重点实验室，上海 200031200031 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences， The Chinese Academy of SciencesThe Chinese Academy of Sciences，Shanghai 200031Shanghai 200031，ChinaChina摘 要n nMicroRNA(miRNAMicroRNA(miRNA) )是一类真核生物内源性的小分子单链是一类真核生物内源性的小分子单链RNARNA，通，通常为常为181825 25 ntnt长长, ,能够通过与靶能够通过与靶mRNAmRNA特异性的碱基配对引起靶特异性的碱基配对引起靶mRNAmRNA的降解或者抑制其翻译，从而对基因进行转录后的表达调的降解或者抑制其翻译，从而对基因进行转录后的表达调控近几年来控近几年来, ,在动物细胞和植物组织中在动物细胞和植物组织中, ,上百种上百种miRNAmiRNA被陆续发被陆续发现这些小分子调控现这些小分子调控RNARNA是从是从60200 60200 ntnt的具有发夹状结构的前的具有发夹状结构的前体中被切割出来而成熟的，在动物细胞中，体中被切割出来而成熟的，在动物细胞中，miRNAmiRNA基因的转录初基因的转录初产物产物( (pri-miRMApri-miRMA) )很快被一种核糖核酸酶很快被一种核糖核酸酶DroshaDrosha加工成为加工成为miRNAmiRNA前体前体(pre-(pre-miRNAmiRNA) )，然后由细胞核转运至细胞质中，经另，然后由细胞核转运至细胞质中，经另一种核糖核酸酶一种核糖核酸酶DicerDicer识别剪切为成熟识别剪切为成熟miRNAmiRNA对这一过程进行对这一过程进行了简要的综述，并且对植物了简要的综述，并且对植物miRNAmiRNA的成熟过程也进行了探讨对的成熟过程也进行了探讨对miRNAmiRNA的生物合成过程的深入了解，将有助于研究这一类起重要的生物合成过程的深入了解，将有助于研究这一类起重要调控作用的调控作用的RNARNA是如何行使功能的，从而进一步研究其在生长发是如何行使功能的，从而进一步研究其在生长发育及各种疾病中所起的重要作用育及各种疾病中所起的重要作用 关键词关键词关键词关键词 miRNAmiRNA的成熟的成熟 miRNAmiRNA miRNAmiRNA初级转录产物初级转录产物 miRNAmiRNA前体前体Abstractn nMicroRNAsMicroRNAs ( (miRNAsmiRNAs) are endogenous single-stranded ) are endogenous single-stranded RNAsRNAs of 18-25nt in of 18-25nt in eukaryotic organismseukaryotic organisms，which can regulate the complementary mRNAs at the post-which can regulate the complementary mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level through cleavage or translational repression of the mRNA transcriptional level through cleavage or translational repression of the mRNA targetstargetsRecent yearsRecent years，several hundred several hundred miRNAsmiRNAs from animals and plants have from animals and plants have been identifiedbeen identifiedThese small These small modulatorymodulatory RNAsRNAs are are cleavagedcleavaged from a precursor of from a precursor of 60200nt RNA hairpin60200nt RNA hairpinIn animalsIn animals，the primary transcripts of the primary transcripts of miRNAmiRNA genes ( genes (pri-pri-miRNAsmiRNAs) are recognized and cleaved into precursor ) are recognized and cleaved into precursor miRNAsmiRNAs (pre- (pre-miRNAsmiRNAs) soon ) soon by an by an RNaseIIIRNaseIII family nuclease , family nuclease , DroshaDrosha；thenthen，pre-pre-miRNAsmiRNAs are transported from are transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasmthe nucleus to the cytoplasmOnce in the cytoplasmOnce in the cytoplasm，pre-pre-miRNAsmiRNAs ale recognized ale recognized and processed into their mature form by another and processed into their mature form by another RNaseIIIRNaseIII，DicerDicerThe procedure The procedure is briefly summarized, and the biogenesis of plant is briefly summarized, and the biogenesis of plant miRNAsmiRNAs is also discussed is also discussedFurther research on the pathway of Further research on the pathway of miRNAmiRNA maturation can help us to know the maturation can help us to know the mechanism of these small mechanism of these small RNAsRNAs acted as important regulators acted as important regulators，and can investigate and can investigate their critical roles during development and diseasetheir critical roles during development and diseasen nKey wordsKey words miRNAmiRNA maturation maturation，miRNAmiRNA，pri-miRNApri-miRNA，pre-pre-miRNAmiRNA 摘要评述摘要评述(abstract review)n n通篇来看，摘要部分涵盖了文章基本内容的所有要点，通篇来看，摘要部分涵盖了文章基本内容的所有要点，并依靠其内在的逻辑关系有机地组织在一起并依靠其内在的逻辑关系有机地组织在一起n n从行文上看，中文摘要有些句子过于罗嗦，不够精炼从行文上看，中文摘要有些句子过于罗嗦，不够精炼; ;从语法句法上看，该断句的地方没有断句从语法句法上看，该断句的地方没有断句n n从英语表达上看，摘要有的地方表达方式不合乎英文表从英语表达上看，摘要有的地方表达方式不合乎英文表达习惯达习惯n n从中英文意思的一致性上看，中英文摘要存在有表达不从中英文意思的一致性上看，中英文摘要存在有表达不一致的地方，特别是汉语摘要中的有些意思在英文摘要一致的地方，特别是汉语摘要中的有些意思在英文摘要中没有体现出来中没有体现出来n nMicroRNA(miRNA)是一类真核生物内源性的小分子单链RNA，通常为1825nt长,能够通过与靶mRNA特异性的碱基配对引起靶mRNA的降解或者抑制其翻译，从而对基因进行转录后的表达调控。n nMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous single-stranded RNAs of 18-25nt in eukaryotic organisms, which can regulate the complementary mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level through cleavage or translational repression of the mRNA targetsn n ,which can regulate genes at the post-transcriptional level through cleavage or translational repression of the mRNA targets in a specific base pairing manner n n近几年来,在动物细胞和植物组织中,上百种miRNA被陆续发现。n nRecent years，several hundred miRNAs from animals and plants have been identifiedn nRecent years, more than hundred miRNAs have been identified from animals and plants in succession.n n这些小分子调控RNA是从60200 nt的具有发夹状结构的前体中被切割出来而成熟的n nThese small modulatory RNAs are cleavaged from a precursor of 60200nt RNA hairpinn nThese small modulatory RNAs are cleavaged from precursors of 60200nt RNA hairpinn n在动物细胞中，miRNA基因的转录初产物(pri-miRMA)很快被一种核糖核酸酶 Drosha加工成为miRNA前体(pre-miRNA)，n nIn animals，the primary transcripts of miRNA genes (pri-miRNAs) are recognized and cleaved into precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) soon by an RNaseIII family nuclease , Drosha；n nIn animals cells, by a nuclease of RNaseIII family , Drosha；n n然后由细胞核转运至细胞质中，经另一种核糖核酸酶Dicer识别剪切为成熟miRNA n nthen，pre-miRNAs are transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasmOnce in the cytoplasm，pre-miRNAs are recognized and processed into their mature form by another RNaseIII，Dicern nIn cytoplasm，pre-miRNAs are recognized and processed into their mature form (miRNA) by another RNaseIII，Dicern n对这一过程进行了简要的综述，并且对植物miRNA的成熟过程也进行了探讨n nThe procedure is briefly summarized, and the biogenesis of plant miRNAs is also discussedn n对miRNA的生物合成过程的深入了解，将有助于研究这一类起重要调控作用的RNA是如何行使功能的，从而进一步研究其在生长发育及各种疾病中所起的重要作用。n nFurther research on the pathway of miRNA maturation can help us to know the mechanism of these small RNAs acted as important regulators，and can investigate their critical roles during development and diseasen nFurther research on the process of miRNA maturation can help us to know the important regulation function of these small RNAs ，and can investigate their critical roles on development and disease 关键词关键词 Key words miRNA的成熟 miRNA maturation miRNA miRNA miRNA初级转录产物 pri-miRNA miRNA前体 pre-miRNA