PygmalionUnit 4 牵牵 手手 课课 堂堂What is the Pygmalion effect?The Pygmalion effect refers to the concept that a person will achieve or perform as he is expected to perform, and it can have both positive and negative effects on an individual or a group. A person expected to perform well will achieve or exceed(超过) this expectation, according to the Pygmalion effect, but a person expected to underachieve or perform poorly will also fulfill this expectation.The term “Pygmalion effect” comes from a Greek myth. According to the myth, Pygmalion was a prince of Cyprus and a sculptor who created and fell in love with an ivory statue of his ideal woman. He pleaded with the goddess Venus to give life to his creation, and she agreed. Pygmalion married his creation and they had a perfect life together. He had expected the statue to be the perfect woman, and she fulfilled his expectations when she was brought to life.Many studies have been conducted on the Pygmalion effect in the classroom. Teachers were given information that certain students in the class were more likely to excel and achieve than other members of the class. No verbal cues(提示，暗示) were used by the teacher to inform students of the information or expectations, but students who were believed by tutors to have greater potential still showed significantly greater intellectual growth.Body language is just as important as verbal communication when conveying both positive and negative expectations, as is the tone of voice. The use of body language is most commonly a subconscious(潜意识的) form of communication, but it can prove to be very powerful.A student may detect that his teacher believes he will never be a high achiever and is less intelligent and capable of succeeding than other members of the class. If the child detects these negative expectations and comes to believe them, these negative expectations can remain with him for the rest of his life, trapping him in a continuous circle of the negative selffulfilling prophecy(预言).Section Warming Up and Reading 栏目导航课前教材预案课前教材预案课堂深度拓展课堂深度拓展课后限时作业课后限时作业课末随堂演练课末随堂演练.Scan the text and choose the best answer according to the text.1.Eliza greeted to the gentleman in order to .A.talk with himB.ask him to buy some flowers from her C.ask him to teach herD.beg some money from him答案：B课前教材预案课前教材预案2.The flower girl cried when she found Higgins making notes because.A.she thought she did something wrongB.she thought she didnt have the right to sell flowersC.she didnt want Higgins to write down what she saidD.she thought Higgins was a policeman in disguise and wanted to arrest her答案：D3.Professor Higgins believed that he could judge a person by_ .A.his appearance B.his actionC.his conversation D.his manners答案：C4.From the ending part of Act one we may guess that Eliza wanted to find Higgins_ .A.to sell him more good flowersB.to take some lessons with himC.to say thanks to him as he will find her a good jobD.to express her gratitude to Higgins for his handful of money答案：D.Complete the following passage with words in the brackets in their proper forms or words from the text.Act One of Pygmalion tells us how the main characters of this play, Eliza Doolittle, Professor Higgins and Colonel Pickering had their 1._(fate) meetings while 2._(shelter) from a heavy rain outside a theatre in London, England in 1914. Eliza Doolittle was 3._ poor flower girl. When she tried to sell her flowers to a gentleman, her terrible English caught Professor Higgins attention. Professor Higgins, an expert 4._ phonetics, could place a person by his/her remarks. He convinced that the quality of a persons English decides his/her social position. fatefulshelteringa inIn his opinion, once 5._(educate) to speak 6._(proper), Eliza Doolittle could pass 7._(she) off in three months as a duchess at an ambassadors garden party and perhaps she could even work 8._ a ladys maid or a shop assistant. Colonel Pickering, an officer in the army, 9. _ had studied many Indian dialects himself, came to England to make the 10._(acquaint) of Professor Higgins.educatedproperlyherselfaswhoacquaintance课堂深度拓展课堂深度拓展考点一单词点击Point hesitate v.犹豫；踌躇A gentleman (G) passes and hesitates for a moment.(教材P29)这时有位先生（先）从这儿路过，他迟疑了片刻。hesitate to do sth.做某事犹豫不决hesitate about/over sth.对犹豫不决hesitation n.犹豫without hesitation 毫不犹豫地have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事Dont hesitate to contact me if you need any more information.如果你需要更多的信息，马上与我联系。In 2015 the Chinese government didnt hesitate about donating some goods to the victims in the earthquake in Nepal.在2015年中国毫不犹豫地给尼泊尔地震灾民捐赠货物。She agreed to go to see the film Ever Since We Love with me without hesitation.她毫不犹豫地同意和我一起看电影万物生长。I have no hesitation in helping them.我毫不犹豫地帮助他们。单句语法填空。(1)_(hesitate) for a long while, I eventually decided to accept the job.(2)As you have written your strengths, now its time to be very open to yourself and without _(hesitate) write down your weakness.解析：句意：正如你写下自己的优点一样，现在是时候对自己完全开放，毫不犹豫地写下你的弱点。Having hesitatedhesitationPoint mistaken adj.（见解或判断上）错误的；不正确的be mistaken about把搞错；误解There you are and you were born in Lisson Grove if Im not mistaken.(教材P29)好了吧，你呀，如果我没有弄错的话，你出生在里森格罗佛。You are mistaken about what he said.你误会他的话了。I was mistaken about that student,hes not as clever as I thought.我错看了那个学生，他没有我过去以为的那样聪明。mistake （1）n.错误,过失;误会 do sth.by mistake 做错了某事 make a mistake 犯错误 make a mistake about sth.误解（2）vt.弄错,误解;把误认为 mistakefor把误认为Tom didnt make a single spelling mistake in his composition.汤姆在这篇作文里一个字也没拼错。 The twins are so alike that their parents often mistake one for another.这对双胞胎长得很相像，他们的父母都经常把他们认错。单句语法填空。(1)It was apparent that you was mistaken _ him.(2)Deep in thought, I got on the train _ mistake.aboutbyPoint classify vt.把分类；把归类classifyinto把分成classifyas把归类为Simply phonetics studied and classified from peoples own speech.(教材P29)只是对人们的发音进行研究并分类而得出的语音学。The boys here are classified into classes according to their ages.这儿的男孩子们被根据他们的年龄编班。(1)classified adj.分类的(2)classification n.分类；类别，种类I think its proper to classify her novels as serious literature instead of mere entertainment.我认为她的小说应该归入文学类作品而不仅仅是通俗读物。The books in the library are classified by subject.图书馆的书是按科目分类的。单句语法填空。(1)Only eleven of these accidents are classified _ major accidents.(2)People who work in libraries spend a lot of time _（classify) books and magazines.(3)The documents are classified _ four groups.asclassifyingintoPoint remark n.谈论；言论；评述 vt.& vi.谈论；评论；说起(1)make a remark/remarks on/about就发表意见；评论(2)remark on/upon 就发表意见；评论remark that评论You can place a man by just a few remarks.(教材P29)你可以仅仅通过几句话就判断出对方是哪个地方的人。He made a number of rude remarks about the food here.关于这里的食物他做了许多无礼的评论。Prof. Smith remarked on the difference between the two dictionaries.史密斯教授谈到了这两本词典的不同之处。A local newspaper remarked that car accidents were on the decrease due to the forceful law.一家地方报纸评论说由于强有力的法律措施，车祸在减少。remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的In 2016 the film Mermaid has been a remarkable success.在2016年电影美人鱼取得了众人瞩目的成功。单句语法填空。（1）Its rude to make a remark _ the appearance of other people.（2）The Tang Dynasty is _(remark) for its liberality(开明).on/aboutremarkablePoint acquaintance n.U相识；了解；熟知 C相识的人；熟人make ones acquaintance=make the acquaintance of sb.结识某人；与某人相见have acquaintance with sth./sb.熟悉，了解have a nodding acquaintance with sb.和某人有点头之交And I came to England to make your acquaintance!(教材P30)我也正是到英国来找你的！She was a casual acquaintance of mine in Vietnam.她是我在越南偶然结识的朋友。While travelling I made the acquaintance of many interesting people.旅行时我认识了很多有趣的人。I have some acquaintance with Russian.我懂一点俄语。acquaint vt.使熟知，告知 acquaint sb.with 使某人认识/了解 be/get acquainted with 了解或熟悉Are you acquainted with the works of Shakespeare?你对莎士比亚的作品熟悉吗？ 单句语法填空。(1)He has some _(acquaint) with German, but does not speak it fluently.(2)Meg was the first friend I had made after we came to America. I eventually got acquainted _ a few other kids in school, but Meg was still the only real friend I had.单句改错。(3)As a young person grows up, he has an ample opportunity to acquaint with the way of life in his community.acquaintancewithhimselfPoint 6 6fortune n.U运气；机会；命运 C大笔的钱，财富，财产Well, I never. A whole pound! A fortune!(教材P30)啊，我还从来没有见过。整整一个英镑呢!一大笔钱呀!Today a great many farmers go to big cities in expectation of making a fortune.今天，许多农民到大城市去，期望发财。It is believed that it will bring good fortune in the coming year.据说它将在新的一年里带来好运。(1)make a/ones fortune 发财 try ones fortune 碰运气 fame and fortune 名利(2)fortunate adj.幸运的 unfortunate adj.不幸的 fortunately adv.幸运地单句语法填空。(1)If you are eating out, fast food restaurants are often the cheapest option, but _(fortune), not usually a healthy one.解析：解析：句意：如果你是外出就餐，快餐店往往是最便宜的选择，但遗憾的是，它通常不是一个健康的选择。单句改错。（2）He made the fortune by selling houses.（3）Hes fortunately to find his dream work after graduation.unfortunatelyafortunate考点二短语诠释Point pass off as 假装；（把某人）改变或冒充成But, sir, (proudly) once educated to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassadors garden party.(教材P30)不过，先生，（高傲地）一旦有人教她把英语说好了，她就可以在三个月以内冒充公爵夫人出席大使主办的花园晚会了。She passed herself off as an experienced actress.她冒充自己是一个有经验的女演员。pass sth.down 把传给后世pass away 去世（die的委婉说法）pass by 通过，经过；忽视passon to把传递给pass through 通过；穿过；经历，遭受He escaped by passing himself off as a guard.他冒充警卫逃走了。She passed him off as her husband.她把他冒充成自己的丈夫。用由pass构成的短语的适当形式填空。（1）I was sorry to learn that his mother had passed _.（2）She passed _ a difficult period after her marriage failed.（3）He tried to pass the wine _ French, but in fact it came from England.awaythroughoff asPoint in terms of 就来说；从角度Correct all these sentences in terms of grammar, spelling, etc, so that she can use them properly.(教材P31)改正下面这些句子中的语法、拼写等方面的错误，以便她可以恰当地使用这种语言。The job is great in terms of salary，but it has disadvantages.就薪水而言，这个工作倒是不错，但是也有一些不足之处。be on good/bad terms with sb.与某人关系好/不好come to terms with 与妥协/迁就，对让步;接受in ones terms 在某人看来，根据某人的观点in the long/short term 就长期/短期而言He has been on bad terms with his father for years.他多年来一直与父亲关系不好。George and Elizabeth have come to terms with the fact that they will never have children.乔治和伊丽莎白已经接受了他们不能有孩子的事实。In the short term well lose money, but in the long term well make a profit.短期内我们会亏损，但从长远看我们会有盈利的。单句语法填空。(1)We are supposed to be _ good terms with all our neighbors.(2)It is not to be considered _ terms of money.(3)What they have done is good for the environment _ the long term.oninin考点三句型归纳Point every time的连词功能的连词功能But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths.（教材P29）但是他们一张嘴就露了馅。点拨：点拨：本句中every time后面接一个省略了引导词（when）的状语从句，并且在这个从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。名词词组the first time,the next time,every time,each time,any time,the moment（minute）等都可以充当连词，引导时间状语从句。She loves going to the shop because every time she goes, the store has marked down their prices.她喜欢去那家店，因为每次去，那家店都会打折。 The next time you meet him, tell him to call me up.下次你见到他的时候，让他给我打个电话。 The moment we entered she bolted the door,much to my surprise.我们进来时，她正在插门，这让我感到非常吃惊。 单句语法填空。单句改错。(1)He had impressed me that way for the first time I met himtalkative, energetic and easygoing. (2)“Every time I will go to a party or an event with classmates, I feel like I have nothing to say and am always the one being left out,” he said.Point What if?如果如果会怎样会怎样/怎么样？怎么样？What if I was？（教材P29）如果我是又怎样呢？点拨：点拨：What if? 常用来提出假设、建议、邀请、要求等，意为“倘使将会怎样？” “如果将会怎样？”后面经常跟一般现在时，有时根据语境也可以跟虚拟语气。What if something goes wrong? 要是出了问题将会怎么样？What if it rains tomorrow? 万一明天下雨怎么办？ It sounds like a good offer, but what if its a trick?那个提议听起来很诱人，但如果是个骗局会怎么样？（1）How come? 用于口语交际中，表示疑惑，意为“为什么会这样呢?”“怎么搞的？”。其后还可以接从句或v.ing形式。How come I never see him any more? 我怎么再也没见过他呢? （2）How/What about? 常用来征求对方的意见或向对方提出建议。意为“怎么样？”What about the trip to Lijiang you had last week? 你上周的丽江之行怎么样啊？（3）What for? 意为“为什么目的？”“为何理由?”（4）So what? 意为“那又怎么样?”（5）Why not do sth.? 表示建议，意为“为什么不？”Though you like the car so much, why not drive it back?既然你这么喜欢这辆车，为什么不把它开回去?单句改错。(1)What if a woman will find herself alone in the company of a strange male as she prepares to enter a lift in a highrise apartment?解析：句意：深更半夜，当一位妇女准备坐电梯到高层公寓时，发现有陌生男子尾随，她该怎么办？what if 意为“如果将会怎么样”，if 表达一种假设、条件，所以其后一般用一般现在时，不用将来时。 (2) How about going to the farmers market and spend the day planning out an elaborate meal?解析：句意：去农贸市场花上一天的时间来准备一顿大餐怎么样? how about 后应跟v.-ing形式，这里的spend 应是与前文going并列的结构。spending