第二章第二章 词词 类类第五节第五节 形容词和副词形容词和副词 知识梳理知识梳理一、形容词1.形容词是主要用来修饰名词的词，表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征或程度好坏等。2.形容词可以直接修饰名词，表示“的”。如：a good student,a busy bee3. 形容词也可以放在句末。 如：That girl is smart.二、副词1.副词是用来修饰动词、形容词或全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。2.副词表示动作是“地”，一般放在动词之后。如：The girls sing happily. Joe draws very well.【注】在be，feel，smell，taste，get，become，sound，look，turn等连系动词之后，应该用形容词而不是副词。如：I feel sad when I see the film. It sounds good. You look terrible. Whats the matter? Leaves turn yellow in autumn. The food tastes delicious. 三、形容词变副词的规则1.大部分形容词在其词尾直接加ly变成副词。如：realreally， quietquietly， helpfulhelpfully，slowslowly， carefulcarefully，quickquickly【注】此类以ly 结尾的形容词变比较级时，在前面加 more 2.以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i，然后再加ly变成副词。如： busybusily，easyeasily3.某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e，然后再加y或ly变成副词。 如： gentlegently ， truetruly 【注】(1)部分名词加ly变成副词。如： partpartly (部分地)(2)并不是所有以ly结尾的词都是副词，有的名词加ly是形容词。如：friendfriendly(友好的)， mothermotherly(母亲般的)， fatherfatherly(父亲般的)， sistersisterly(姐妹般的)， brotherbrotherly(兄弟般的)， lovelovely(可爱的)，daydaily(每日的)(3)有些名词加y变成形容词。若名词以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母，需双写该辅音字母再加y。如：rainrainy，snowsnowy，cloudcloudy，windwindy，fogfoggy，sunsunny，saltsalty，lucklucky，healthhealthy四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级大多数形容词和副词都有等级的变化，表示“更”或“最”。1. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则(1) 规则变化续表(2) 不规则变化【注】形容词最高级前一般要加the。 2. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法(1) 比较级常用于两者之间的比较，一般结构为：主语谓语形容词或副词的比较级than其他。同时，在比较级前可以用much，rather，a little，even等表示程度的副词修饰。如：She is taller than me. He runs faster than Tom. This house is much bigger than that one. Lily is a little thinner than Lucy.(2) 形容词比较级and形容词比较级，表示“越来越”。如：It is getting hotter and hotter. (3) the形容词比较级，the形容词比较级，表示“越就越”。如：The more， the better. 越多越好。(4)最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物的比较，表示人或物在某个范围内“最”。如：Jack is the cleverest in the class. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.【注】(1)形容词和副词的原级可以用“as形容词或副词的原级as”结构对两者进行比较，表示“和一样”。其否定形式为“not as/so形容词或副词的原级as”，表示“不如/没有”。如：Lily is as old as Lucy. Tom is not as/so clever as Jim. (2)副词的最高级前面的the 可以省略。如：She is the best singer in our school. She sings (the) best. 考点精析考点精析考点考点1 考查形容词、副词的词形变换考查形容词、副词的词形变换【例1】请仔细观察下面左排的单词，根据其变化规则写出右排所缺的单词。1. bigbigger hot2. newold early3. goodbest much4. happyhappily easy解析：此类题考查形容词和副词的变换形式，涉及形容词、副词间的转换及其比较级、最高级、反义词等。答案：1. hotter2. late3. most4. easily 举一反三 1. 写出下列单词的比较级和最高级。 (1) late (2) thin (3) easy (4) useful 2. 根据画线的形容词判断下列句子的说法是否正确，正确的在括号里打“”，错误的打“”。 (1) The days are longer in summer than in winter.( ) (2) The elephants are the biggest animals in the world.( ) (3) Watching too much TV is always bad for children.( ) the most usefullaterlatestthinnerthinnesteasiereasiestmore useful考点考点2 考查形容词、副词的用法考查形容词、副词的用法【例2】选择合适的单词填空。Yao Ming is a basketball player. He plays basketball. 解析：good 是形容词，well是副词。形容词修饰名词， 放在名词之前；副词放在动词之后，也起修饰作用。 答案：good；well【例3】在横线上写出画线单词的反义词。Is the box light or ？ 解析：选择疑问句的选项是一组反义词，light 在此意为“轻的”，故其反义词为“heavy”。答案： heavy举一反三 1. 在横线上写出画线单词的反义词。 (1)The days are long in summer and the nights are . (2)The dictionary is thick， but the exercise book is . (3)It is cold in winter but its very in summer. 2. 选词填空。 (1)She is a girl. (2)My book is than yours. (3)How the rain is！ (4)Can you give me a answer？ shortthinhotlovelynewerheavycleverer考点考点3 考查形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法考查形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法【例4】用所给单词的适当形式填空。Amy sings .Sarah sings than Amy.Chen Jie sings in our school. (well)解析：此题考查副词比较等级的用法。第一句话陈述一般性事实，没有相互之间的比较。因而用副词原级well修饰动词sing。第二句有than这个比较级标志，此句空格上应填well的比较级better来修饰动词sing。第三句中有表范围的介词in our school，此句修饰sing的副词应是well的最高级best。答案：well；better；best【例5】请将下面的两句话合并成一句。Im 11 years old. My sister is 8 years old. 解析： 此题中的两个句子给出的是一组对比关系，所以，可以用比较级句式将其组合成一句话。 答案： Im 3 years older than my sister./My sister is 3 years younger than me.举一反三1. 单项填空。( )(1) Of all my family members, my brother is. A. tall B. tallerC. the tallest( )(2) Now Bob is than he was. A. more careful B. much careful C. more carefully( )(3)The food smells . You cant eat it. A. delicious B. bad C. badlyCAB 2. 按要求改写句子，使句意不变。 (1) Im 135 cm tall. My sister is 135 cm tall, too. (用同级表达) (2) Tom is 13 years old. Jim is 14 years old. (用比较级表达)Im as tall as my sister. /My sister is as tall as me.Tom is 1 year younger than Jim. /Jim is 1 year older than Tom.过关检测过关检测一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级（省略the）。1. long _ _ 2. heavy _ _3. wide _ _ 4. brightly _ _5. fat _ _ 6. lovely _ _7. early _ _ 8. fast _ _9. slow _ _ 10. interesting_ _longerlongestheavierheaviestwiderwidestmore brightlymost brightlyfatterfattestmore lovelymost lovelyearlierearliestfasterfastestslowerslowestmore interestingmost interesting11. much _ _ 12. hot _ _13. many _ _ 14. young _ _15. strong _ _ 16. short _ _17. well _ _18. good _ _19. thin _ _20. bad _ _moremosthotterhottestmoremostyoungeryoungeststrongerstrongestshortershortestbetterbestbetterbestthinnerthinnestworseworst二、同义句转换。 1. Peter is taller than any other boys in his class. Peter is _ all the boys in his class. 2. Sarah has big schoolbag than mine. My schoolbag is_ than Sarahs. 3. He is 140 cm tall,his sister is 140 cm,too. His sister is _ him. 4. Her dress is much cheaper than mine. My dress is _ than hers.the tallest ofsmalleras tall asmore expensive三、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Lucy is _ (thin) than her friend. 2. Winter is the _ (cold) season of the year. 3. The _ (cheap) bags are usually not the best ones. 4. It smells _ (terrible). 5. Dick is _ at music. And he also does _ in sports.(well) 6. Things are getting _ and _.(bad) 7. Which is _ (heavy), the elephant or the tiger? 8. I eat _ (much) food than you.thinnercoldestcheapestterriblegoodwellworseworseheaviermore四、在横线上写出画线单词的反义词。 1. There isnt much tea in the bottle. There is _. 2. The desks arent dirty. They are _. 3. Is he right or _? 4. The small box is full of toys, but the big one is _. 5. Marys coat is cheap, but her shoes are so _.五、单项填空。 ( )1. This park is_ than that one. A. large B. larger C. largest ( )2. Mike jumps _ than Mary. A. more high B. more higher C. much higher ( )3. My father is_ than my uncle. A. old B. older C. oldest ( )4. The desk is _ , and the table is _. A. big; bigger B. bigger; bigger C. big; biggestlittlecleanwrongemptyexpensiveBCBA( )5. Jenny sang the song_.A.happy B. happiness C. happily( )6. The school is _ newer than that one.A. much B. many C. more( )7. You can see the hospital_ .A. easily B. easy C. more easy( )8. Of all my friends, Kate is _ one.A. tall B. taller C. the tallest( )9. She can do it _ me.A. as good as B. as well as C. so good as( ) 10. The joke is _ funny. A. more B. so C. asCAACBB六、按要求完成下列句子。 1. 这本书跟那本书一样有用。（汉译英） This book is _ _ _ that one. 2. 今天比昨天热得多。（汉译英） It is _ _ today _ it was yesterday. 3. Sarah 是我们班最矮的学生。(汉译英） _ 4I am 50 kg heavy. Sue is 50 kg heavy, too. (两句话合并为一句话) _ 5The blue box is 5 kg. The white box is 6 kg. The black box is 7 kg. (三句话合并为一句话) _asusefulasmuchhotterthanSarah is the shortest student in our class.I am as heavy as Sue./Sue is as heavy as me.The black box is the heaviest of the three. /The blue box is the lightest of the three. 1. Amy is 3 _ _ than Susan. 2. John is 158 cm. He is _ than Amy. But he is _ than Susan. 3. How _ is Susan? She is _ cm. 4. John is _ kg _ than Amy. 5. Amy is _ than John，but she is _ than Susan.yearsyoungertallershortertall1599heavierolderyounger七、根据下面表格中的信息补全句子。