欢迎来到英语课堂欢迎来到英语课堂1advanced adj.高级的，先进的高级的，先进的My younger sister studied advanced math.我妹妹学我妹妹学过高等数学。高等数学。Ancient Greece was an advanced civilization.古希腊是个先古希腊是个先进的文明国家。的文明国家。词语辨析词语辨析elementary, intermediate, advancedelementary初初级的的；intermediate中中级的的；advanced高高级的的2burst v爆炸，破裂爆炸，破裂If you blow that balloon up any more it will burst.那气球再吹就要破了。那气球再吹就要破了。Waterpipes often burst in cold weather.水管在寒冷的天气里水管在寒冷的天气里经常常冻裂。裂。知识拓展知识拓展注意注意burst与与into和和out的搭配：的搭配：词语辨析词语辨析burst, explode, erupt3depend1)vi.依依赖，依靠，依靠常与常与on/upon连用，用，depend on/upon相当于相当于rely on/upon。The country depends/relies heavily on its tourist trade.这个国家主要依靠它的旅游个国家主要依靠它的旅游贸易。易。2)v.随随而定，取决于而定，取决于It (all)depends(on)whether she will come or not.这取决于她来取决于她来还是不来。是不来。知识拓展知识拓展dependence n依靠，依赖依靠，依赖dependable adj.可靠的可靠的independence n独立，自立独立，自立independent adj.独立的独立的dependent adj.依靠的，依赖的依靠的，依赖的It(all)depends./That(all)depends.视情况而定视情况而定4view1)vt.看；看；观察察The best way to select a project is to view its details.选择一个工程最好的方法就是看它的一个工程最好的方法就是看它的细节。To view it as a whole, the situation is fairly good.从从总体上看，形体上看，形势相当好。相当好。2)n.视野，野，风景；景；见解解The valley was hidden from view in the mist.山谷山谷隐没在没在雾霭之中，看不之中，看不见了。了。His view of life is different from yours.他的人生他的人生观与你的不同。与你的不同。知识拓展知识拓展at first view/sight乍一看，一见乍一看，一见(就就)come into view/sight出现在眼前出现在眼前in view呈现在眼前；在考虑中呈现在眼前；在考虑中in view of鉴于，由于鉴于，由于in ones view依某人的看法依某人的看法on view在展示中，陈列着在展示中，陈列着词语辨析词语辨析view, scene, scenery, sightview指在指在远处或高或高处从人的角度看到的从人的角度看到的scenery的一部分。的一部分。scene指指“一一眼眼可可以以浏览的的风景景”，但但多多半半包包括括其其中中的的人人物物及其活及其活动。scenery指指该地区的地区的“整个整个风景景”，由多个，由多个scene构成的景色。构成的景色。sight“风景，名景，名胜”，常用复数形式，指人文景，常用复数形式，指人文景观。3)vt. 认为；看待；看；看待；看view.as.把把视为view.with.(以某种方式以某种方式)看待看待When the car was first built, the design was viewed as highly original.这辆车刚造好造好时，其，其设计被被认为是独具匠心的。是独具匠心的。She has always viewed him with suspicion.她她总是以是以怀疑的目光看待他。疑的目光看待他。即学即用即学即用_from the outside, the company seemed genuine(真的真的)AViewingBViewCViewed DHaving viewed答答案案：C本本句句意意思思为为：从从外外表表上上看看，这这家家公公司司倒倒像像是是真的。真的。1The different colours show exactly what the rings are made of: the red means the ring contains tiny pieces of rock and the blue and green is likely to be a mixture of water and frozen gases.不不同同的的颜颜色色恰恰好好表表明明了了这这些些光光环环由由什什么么组组成成：红红色色意意味味着着光光环环中中含含有有微微小小的的岩岩石石颗颗料料，而而蓝蓝色色和和绿绿色色晕晕圈圈则则很很可能是水和结冰气体的混合物。可能是水和结冰气体的混合物。be made of.由由制成制成Many beautiful things are made of glass.许多漂亮的多漂亮的东西都是由玻璃制成的。西都是由玻璃制成的。知识拓展知识拓展make 构成的常用词组：构成的常用词组：1)be made in产地，意为产地，意为“在在制造制造”。The colour TV sets are made in China.这些彩电是中国制造的。这些彩电是中国制造的。2)be made into产品，意为产品，意为“制成制成”。Bamboo can be made into chairs.竹子可用来做椅子。竹子可用来做椅子。3)be made(out)of原原料料/材材料料(能能看看出出原原材材料料)，意意为为“用用制成制成”。These chairs were made of wood.这些椅子是木制的。这些椅子是木制的。4)be made from原原料料/材材料料(看看不不出出原原材材料料)，意意为“用用制成制成”。Bread is made from wheat.面包是用小麦加工而成的。面包是用小麦加工而成的。5)be made up of组成部分，意成部分，意为“由由组成成”。The football team is made up entirely of new players.这个足球个足球队全部由新全部由新队员组成。成。即学即用即学即用At the end of 2008, there were around 3 000 foreign printing companies in China，_up around 2 percent of national total.Amade Bto makeCmaking Dhaving made答案：答案：C2It was launched in 1997 and its mission was to explore the“gas giant”planet which is the furthest planet to be seen from the Earth without a telescope.它它于于1997年年被被发发射射，其其使使命命是是探探索索“巨巨型型气气体体团团”土土星星，这是不用望远镜从地球上可以看到的最远行星。这是不用望远镜从地球上可以看到的最远行星。the furthest planet to be seen from the Earth 从从地地球球上上看看到到的的最最远行行星星，to be seen是是动词不不定定式式作作定定语修修饰planet。There are lots of problems to be settled.有有许多要解决的多要解决的问题。知识拓展知识拓展动词不定式作定语的情况：动词不定式作定语的情况：1)作作定定语语的的不不定定式式如如果果是是不不及及物物动动词词，或或者者不不定定式式所所修修饰饰的的名名词词或或代代词词是是不不定定式式动动作作的的地地点点、工工具具等等，不不定定式式后面须有相应的介词。后面须有相应的介词。The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家有一座舒适的房子住。布朗一家有一座舒适的房子住。There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。没有什么可担心的。但但是是，不不定定式式所所修修饰饰的的名名词词如如果果是是time, place或或way时时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。He had no money and no place to live(in)他没有他没有钱，也没有住的地方。，也没有住的地方。We found a way to solve this problem(in)我我们找到了一种解决找到了一种解决这个个问题的方法。的方法。2)当当作作定定语的的不不定定式式所所修修饰的的名名词或或代代词是是不不定定式式动作作的的承承受受者者时；不不定定式式既既可可以以用用主主动语态，也也可可用用被被动语态，但其含，但其含义有所不同。有所不同。试比比较：Have you anything to send?你有什么你有什么东西要寄西要寄吗？(不定式不定式to send的的动作作执行者是行者是“你你”)Have you anything to be sent?你有什么要你有什么要(我或我或别人人)寄的寄的东西西吗？(不定式不定式to be sent的的动作作执行者是行者是“我我”或或“别人人”)3)用不定式作定用不定式作定语的几种情况：的几种情况：(1)不定式表将来不定式表将来I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.我借了一些我借了一些书在假期中在假期中读。(2)不不定定式式用用来来修修饰序序数数词、最最高高级或或no, all, any等等限限定定的中心的中心词。He was the best man to do the job.他是做他是做这项工作的最佳人工作的最佳人选。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是在奥运会中她是在奥运会中赢得金牌的第一位得金牌的第一位妇女。女。Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats.妇女和儿童先女和儿童先进入了救生艇。入了救生艇。(3)用用来来修修饰的的词是是抽抽象象名名词时，常常见的的有有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time等。等。Do you have the ability to read and write English?你有你有读和写英和写英语的能力的能力吗？I have no chance to go sightseeing.我没有去我没有去观光的机会。光的机会。即学即用即学即用I need some paper_.Ato write with Bto write aboutCto write on Dto write答案：答案：C3.Titan, which is believed to be the only body in the solar system other than the Earth with liquid on the surface.，人人们们都都认认为为那那是是太太阳阳系系中中除除了了地地球球以以外外惟惟一一表表面面有液体的星体。有液体的星体。other than 除了；除除了；除之外之外I cant do other than obey.我除了服从我除了服从别无他法。无他法。知识拓展知识拓展other than作作“除除外外”解解时时，常常可可与与no, not, never, nothing, hardly等等连连用用；other than后后面面可可接接代代词词、名名词词、副副词词或或不不定定式式(other than前前面面的的谓谓语语动动词词为为do时时，不不定定式不带式不带to，否则要带，否则要带to)。There was nothing they could do other than spend the night in the woods.他们只得在树林里过夜。他们只得在树林里过夜。She bought some books other than novels.她买了几本书，而不是小说。她买了几本书，而不是小说。What really happened is quite other than what you think.真正发生的事情与你想象的大不相同。真正发生的事情与你想象的大不相同。即学即用即学即用You should help me because I have nobody to turn to_you.Arather than Bother thanCmore than Dless than答答案案：Bother than “除除以以外外”；rather than“而而不是不是”；more than “多于多于”；less than“不到；少于不到；少于”。4The images of Titan and Phoebe look strangely like photos of the Earth and our own Moon, taken decades ago by the earliest space missions.土土卫卫六六和和土土卫卫九九的的图图片片看看起起来来特特别别像像几几十十年年前前由由最最早早的的太空工作站所拍摄的关于地球和我们的月球的照片。太空工作站所拍摄的关于地球和我们的月球的照片。strangely adv. 异常地；奇怪地；不可思异常地；奇怪地；不可思议地地She has been acting very strangely.近来她近来她举止十分反常。止十分反常。The house was strangely quiet.房子静得出奇。房子静得出奇。Strangely enough, I dont feel nervous at all.真奇怪，我一点也不真奇怪，我一点也不紧张。即学即用即学即用_，some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.AStrangely enough BEnough strangelyCStrange enough DEnough strange答答案案：Aenough放放在在形形容容词词或或副副词词后后作作状状语语，因因为为是是修饰整个句子，所以要用副词修饰整个句子，所以要用副词strangely。5They are so clear that it is easy to forget they are coming from a distance of oneahalfbillion kilometres.它它们们是是如如此此清清晰晰，以以至至于于很很容容易易使使人人忘忘记记它它们们来来自自距距离离我们我们15亿千米的地方。亿千米的地方。so.that.“如此如此以至于以至于”，引，引导结果状果状语从句。从句。The stone is so heavy that I cant lift it.石石头如此重，以至于我搬不如此重，以至于我搬不动它。它。知识拓展知识拓展结果状语从句结果状语从句1)引引导导结结果果状状语语从从句句的的从从属属连连词词有有：so that, so.that., such.that.在在非非正正式式语语体体中中，由由so.that.，such.that.引引导导的的句句子子中中that可以省略，注意其结构形式：可以省略，注意其结构形式：Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.迈克是一个很克是一个很诚实的人，我的人，我们都信任他。都信任他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.今天天气很好，我今天天气很好，我们都想去公园。都想去公园。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他他挣的的钱很少，以至于不能养家糊口。很少，以至于不能养家糊口。试比比较：It is not surprising that such little worms eat so little grain.这么小的虫子吃么小的虫子吃这么少的谷物并不令人感到惊么少的谷物并不令人感到惊讶。Tom studied very hard so that he passed the exams.汤姆学姆学习很用功，很用功，结果考果考试及格了。及格了。当当so或或such置于句首置于句首时，主句要用倒装，主句要用倒装语序。序。So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.他是一个非常他是一个非常聪明的学生，因此他能解决所有的明的学生，因此他能解决所有的难题。2)除除结果果状状语从从句句外外，too.to.“太太而而不不能能”， enough to.“达达到到某某种种程程度度可可以以”， so.as to.“那那么么以至于以至于”等不定式等不定式结构同构同样可以表示可以表示结果。如：果。如：He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus.He got up too late to catch the bus.He got up so late as to miss the bus.他起得很晚，以至于没有赶上公共汽他起得很晚，以至于没有赶上公共汽车。直击高考直击高考The weather was_cold that I didnt like to leave my room.Areally BsuchCtoo DSo解解析析：本本题题题题意意：天天气气太太冷冷了了，我我不不想想离离开开房房间间。本本题题考考查查so/suchthat句句型型，中中心心词词为为形形容容词词cold，所所以以采用采用so.答案：答案：D名词性从句名词性从句(2)1what/who, whatever/whoever等的用法区等的用法区别：一一 般般 说 来来 ， what/who等等 含含 特特 指指 意意 义 ， 而而whatever/whoever等等含含泛泛指指意意义，意意为“无无论什什么么/无无论谁”。Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.无无论谁最后离开房最后离开房间都都应该关灯。关灯。(这里里whoever表表泛泛指指意意义，不不能能改改用用no matter who，因因为后者只能引后者只能引导状状语从句从句)I cant remember at the moment who has said the words.我我不不记得得当当时是是谁说的的那那些些话。(这里里的的who指指特特定定的的某某人人)2where, when, why等等连接接副副词引引导的的名名词性性从从句句：where, when, why等等连接接副副词也也可可引引导名名词性性从从句句，使使用的关用的关键是：是：这个个词必必须符合句子的符合句子的逻辑要求。要求。I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么我不知道他什么时候回来。候回来。Is that why you had a few days off?这就是你有几天离开的原因就是你有几天离开的原因吗？3whether与与if的的区区别：二二者者均均为“是是否否”的的意意思思。但但在在下列情况下，下列情况下，whether不能被不能被if取代：取代：(1)whether引引导主主语从句并在句首从句并在句首Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.这一一计划是否可行划是否可行还有待有待证实。(2)引引导表表语从句从句The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.问题是是敌人是否正在向我人是否正在向我们逼近。逼近。(3)whether从句作介从句作介词宾语I am interested in whether hell go abroad.我我对他是否将要出国很感他是否将要出国很感兴趣。趣。(4)从句后有从句后有“or not”Whether he will come or not is not clear.他是否将要他是否将要过来来还不确定。不确定。4that和和what的的区区别：二二者者都都可可以以引引导名名词性性从从句句。但但that是是连接接词，本本身身无无词义，仅起起连接接作作用用，不不在在从从句句中中担担任任任任何何成成分分；what是是连接接代代词，不不仅引引导名名词性性从从句句，而而且且在在从从句句中中充充当当一一定定的的成成分分，如如主主语、宾语或或表表语。That he stole a bike was true.他他偷了一了一辆自行自行车是事是事实。The important thing is what you do, but not what you say.重要的是你做什么，而不是重要的是你做什么，而不是说什么。什么。5引引导词that的的省省略略：引引导宾语从从句句时，在在口口语或或非非正正式式场合合，且且不不会会造造成成歧歧义时，第第一一个个that通通常常可可以以省省略略，但引但引导主主语、表、表语和同位和同位语从句从句时，that不能省略。不能省略。He told us(that)they would help us through the whole work.他告他告诉我我们他他们会帮助我会帮助我们完成整完成整项工作的。工作的。The trouble is that he has lost his wallet.麻麻烦在于他在于他丢了了钱包。包。即学即用即学即用(1)We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.Awhat BwhichCwhat Dwhere答答案案：D题题干干中中空空白白处处至至句句末末为为宾宾语语从从句句，而而从从句句中中又缺少地点状语。又缺少地点状语。(2)Have you finished the book?No, Ive read up to _the children discover the secret cave.Awhich BwhatCthat Dwhere答答案案：D题干干中中空空白白处至至句句末末为宾语从从句句，而而从从句句中中又缺少地点状又缺少地点状语。(3)Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.Awhere BwhetherCthat Dwhy答答案案：D句句意意：Cindy重重重重地地关关上上了了门，突突然然哭哭了了起起来来，办公公室室里里的的人人都都不不知知道道她她为什什么么如如此此生生气气。根根据据句句意意，空空白白处应填填why，引引导宾语从从句句，且且why在在从从句句中中作作原原因状因状语。(4)As a new graduate，he doesnt know_it takes to start a new business here.Ahow BwhatCwhen Dwhich答答案案：B宾语从从句句中中暗暗含含it takes.to do sth.句句型型，因因此此应用用what作其作其宾语。(5)I want to be liked and loved for_I am inside.Awho BwhereCwhat Dhow答答案案：Cwhat引引导介介词for的的宾语从从句句，且且在在从从句句中中作作表表语。(6)Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was_it was rather closely modeled on his own life.Awhat BthatCwhy Dwhether答答案案：Bthat引引导表表语从从句句，解解释说明明主主语reason的的内内容，且在从句中不作任何成分。容，且在从句中不作任何成分。(7)Before the sales start, I make a list of_my kids will need for the coming season.Awhy BwhatChow Dwhich答答案案：B句句意意：在在特特价价促促销开开始始之之前前，我我把把下下个个季季节里里孩孩子子的的所所需需要要的的东西西都都列列了了个个清清单。能能引引导宾语从从句句，且在从句中作且在从句中作need的的宾语的的连接接词，只有，只有what。(8)Teachers recommend parents _their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.Anot allow Bdo not allowCmustnt allow Dcouldnt allow答答案案：A句句意意：老老师建建议家家长为安安全全起起见，不不要要让12岁以以下下的的儿儿童童骑自自行行车上上学学。recommend后后宾语从从句句谓语应为(should)do.(9)We should respect food and think about the people who dont have _we have here and treat food nicely.Athat BwhichCwhat Dwhether答答案案：C句句意意：我我们应重重视食食品品，想想想想那那些些得得不不到到我我们所所拥有有的的这些些食食品品的的人人们，并并要要善善待待食食品品。此此处what引引导宾语从句，并在其中作从句，并在其中作宾语。(10)I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.Thats _I dont agree.You should have a more active life.Awhere BhowCwhen Dwhat答答案案：A说话人人在在星星期期天天喜喜欢整整天天把把自自己己关关在在家家中中听听音音乐，答答话人人对这一一点点不不赞同同。答答语中中where I dont agree是是表表语从从句句，表表示示抽抽象象概概念念。假假如如选D项，agree后后需加介需加介词。