选修选修 8 8Unit1AlandofdiversityReadingAlltheleavesarebrown.Andtheskyisgrey.Ivebeenforawalk.Onawintersday.Idbesafeandwarm.IfIwasinL.A.Californiadreaming!Onsuchawintersday!Stoppedintoachurch.Ipassedalongtheway.WellIgotdownonmyknees.AndIpretendtopray.Ipretendtopray.Youknowthepreacherlikesthecold.HeknowsImgonnastay.IfIdidnttellher.Icouldleavetoday.CaliforniadreamingCALIFORNIA(the Golden State) LyingonthePacificOcean,CaliforniaisonthewestcoastoftheUnitedStates,whichisdiverseintopography(地形地形),climateandecologicalenvironment.Ithasanareaof411squarekilometers,Pre-readinganditisoneoftheUSstatesofthelargestpopulation,withthemostdevelopedeconomy.Meanwhile,itspleasantweather,longbeach,andgracefulnaturallandscapemakethetourismprosperous.CaliforniaMississippiPacificOceanAtlanticOceanCANADAMEXICOTheGoldRushPosterLosAngelesGraumans Chinese Theatre HOLLYWOOD好莱坞星光大道好莱坞星光大道Native California IndiansCalifornia gold miners around 1849Chinatowns in CaliforniaGeneralquizabouttheUSAandCalifornia.1.Themostimportantandlargestriverin2.theUnitedStatesofAmericais_?A.theOhioRiverB.theColoradoRiverC.TheMissouriRiverD.theMississippiRiverD2.Californiaisthe_largeststateintheUSA.A.thirdB.secondC.fourthD.fifth3.California,astateinthewesternUSA,borders_.A.thePacificOceanB.theIndianOceanC.theAtlanticOceanD.theArcticOcean4._isCaliforniaslargestandthenationssecondlargestcity.A.SacramentoB.LosAngelesC.SanDiegoD.SanFranciscoAAB5.Californiasofficialnicknameisthe_?A.SunflowerStateB.GoldenStateC.LandofopportunityD.EvergreenState6._hasthelargestpopulationintheUSA.A.CaliforniaB.AlaskaC.WashingtonD.Texas7.CaliforniaenteredtheUniononSeptember9,1850,asthe_state.A.thirtiethB.thirty-eighthC.thirty-secondD.thirty-firstBADCaliforniaListentothetapeandfindoutthemainidea.Thetextmainlyintroduces_ofCalifornia.Itdescribes_happenedinvarioustimes.Italsotellsus_, _and_differentpeoplefromallovertheworldhavingbeenimmigratingtoCalifornia.Itexplainstous_whyitwillbeasimplemulticulturalcommunityinthe21stcentury.the short historythe great historywhenhowwhythe reasonseventsThemainideaofeachpart:Part1Part2Part3TheintroductionofCaliforniaThehistoryofsettlementofCaliforniaThefutureNativeAmericansTheSpanishRussiansGoldminersLaterarrivalsMostrecentarrivalsChoosethecorrectanswerafterreadingthetext.1.WhyistherestrongSpanishinfluenceinCalifornia?_A.BecausethereweremanySpanishstayinginCalifornia.B.BecauseSpanishwasoneofthesettlerslivingthere.C.BecausethelocalpeoplelovedSpanishculture.D.BecauseCaliforniawasonceruledbySpan.D2.AfterthearrivaloftheEuropeansinthe16thcentury,_.A.Nativepeoplewerekilledorforcedintoslavery.B.ManynativepeoplediedfromdiseasesbroughtbyEuropeans.C.Noneofthenativepeoplecouldsurvivetheterribletimes.D.BothAandB.D3.Whichofthefollowingisfalseaccordingtothetext?_A.DuringtheGoldRushPeriodmanypeoplewenttoCaliforniainthehopeofbecomingrich.B.Actuallyeveryfewgoldminersbecamerich.C.DuringtheGoldRushPeriodmanyChineseimmigrantsarrivedinCaliforniaonlytofindgold.D.CaliforniabecameastateoftheUStwoyearsafterthegoldwasdiscoveredthere.CB4.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat_A.betweenthelate19thcenturyandtheearly20thcenturyItalianandDanishimmigrantscametoCaliforniatomakewine.B.bythe1920smanyJewishpeoplecametoCaliforniabecausetheywereattractedbythefilmindustry.C.MexicanpeoplecametoCaliforniatoworkintheshipandaircraftindustries.D.therewillbemoreracialorculturalgroupsinCaliforniabecausemoreandmorepeoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworldarestillcomingtosettlethere.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.WhatarethechangesofnativeAmericans2.lifeafterthearrivalofEuropeans?2.WhydidMexicohavetogiveCaliforniatotheUnitedStates?Thenativepeoplesufferedgreatlyandmanywerekilledorforcedintoslavery.Inaddition,manydiedfromthediseasesbroughtbyEuropeans.In1846,theUnitedStateddeclaredwaronMexico.Afteritlostthewar,MexicohadtogiveCaliforniatotheUnitedStated.3.WhowerethefirsttoarriveinCaliforniatorushforgold?4.WhenandwhydidthelargenumberofChineseimmigratetoCalifornia?SouthAmericansandpeoplefromtheUnitedStates.Duringthegoldrushperiod,manyChineseimmigratedtoCalifornia,andinthe1860s,alargenumberofChinesewenttheretobuildtherailwayfromthewesttoeastcoast.5.Between1942and1945,whydidsomanyAfricanpeoplegotoCalifornia?Between1942and1945,evenmorepeoplecametoCaliforniatoworkintheshipandaircraftindustries.6.WhatattractedpeoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworldtoimmigratetoCalifornia?Thetemperateclimate,themodernlifestyleanditsdiverseculturesattractedimmigratestoCalifornia.RussiansLaterArrivalspeopleTheSpanishMostRecentArrivalsNativeAmericans7.Howmanykindsofpeoplearementionedinthistext?GoldMiners1.CaliforniaisthelargeststateintheUSA2.andhasthelargestpopulation.2.ThenativeAmericansaretreatedwellafterthearrivalofEuropeans.3.OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen.FFTTrueorFalse4.Intheearly1800s,RussiansbegansettinginCalifornia.5.DuringGoldRushPeriod,manyachievedtheirdreamofbeingrich.6.Inthelate19thcentury,ChineseimmigrantsarrivedinCalifornia.7.Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenomajorracialorculturegroups.TFFTLookatthepicturesbelow.EachillustratessomethingaboutCalifornia. AnativeCalifornianIndianwasstandingbesideacamp.Itseemedthatheorshefeltveryhappy.Maybeheorshehadagoodharvest.Hewasagoldminer.Hewaspanninggold.Helookednotonlythinandweak,butalsothirstyandtired.Itwasdifficultforthemtoachievethedreamsofbecomingrich.AbuildinginChinatownManyChinesehavesettledinCaliforniaandmanyofthemliveinChinatowninSanFrancisco.By1990,thenationsbeingimmigratedfromdifferentpartsoftheworldhadmadeCaliforniaintothemostraciallyandethnicallydiversestateinthecountry.OtherreferencepicturesaboutgoldrushinCalifornia.15,000yearsagoFirstsettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmerica.ThesepeopleareknownasNativeAmericans. SpanishsoldiersarrivedinSouthAmerica.Comprehending16thcentury 1BesideeachtimenotedownanimportanteventinCalifornianhistory. 1821CaliforniabecamepartofMexico.TheUnitedStatesdeclaredwaronMexico.GoldwasdiscoveredinCalifornia.Californiabecamethe31ststateoftheUS.1846185018482BesideeachculturalgroupwritetheperiodinwhichtheyfirstcametoCaliforniainlargenumbers. SpanishRussiansAfricans Chinese Italians Danish Intheearly16thcentury early 1800s1800sLate1840s/early1850sInthelate19thcentury1911JewishJapaneseKoreansCambodiansVietnamesePakistanis1920satthebeginningofthe20thcenturyFromabout1970sFrom about 1970sInmore recent decadesFrom about 1970sNativeAmericanstheSpanishRussiansGoldminerslaterarrivalsmostrecentarrivalsthefutureMakeaSummary3WhyisCaliforniainthe21stcenturysuchamulticultural community?(Using3or4sentencestoexplain.)ThestateofCaliforniaisamulticulturalcommunitybecauseEuropean,AfricanandAsianpeoplehavebeenimmigratedtothestateforthelast200years.multi-“多、多方面、多方向多、多方面、多方向”multi-colored多色的多色的multi-racial多民族的多民族的multi-media多媒体多媒体multiparty多党制的多党制的DiscussionWhatdoyouthinkCaliforniaislikeafteryourreadingthepassage?Discusswithyoupartnersandtrytogiveasimpleintroductionofit.1.diversity=variety多样性、变化多样性、变化adiversityofvegetablesdiversifyvt.使使多样性多样性,使使不同不同diversifyonesskills/interestsWeshoulddiversifythesyllabus(教学大纲教学大纲)toattractmorestudents.Acompanyshoulddiversify.2.Californiaisthethirdlargeststateinthe序数词可以修饰形容词的最高级序数词可以修饰形容词的最高级TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.可以修饰形容词最高级的词可以修饰形容词最高级的词:far/byfar/much可以修饰比较级的词可以修饰比较级的词:no/alittle/abit/any/slightly/byfarYourestandingtooclosetothecamera.Canyoumove_?A.abitfarB.alittlefartherC.abitoffartherD.alittlefarB 3.population人口人口ThepopulationofChina_large.And70%ofthepopulationofChina_peasants.表示整体人口时谓语动词用单数表示整体人口时谓语动词用单数,表示部分人口表示部分人口时谓语动词用复数。而形容人口的多少通常用时谓语动词用复数。而形容人口的多少通常用large/small。对人口的多少进行疑问时，可用对人口的多少进行疑问时，可用Whatsthepopulationof?WhatsthepopulationofGuangdong?haveapopulationof有多少人口有多少人口Chinahasapopulationof1.3billion.anincrease/growthinpopulation人口人口isare4.WhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,宾语从句宾语从句=theplacethatwenowknowasCalifornia.定语从句定语从句GeorgeWashingtonwasbornin_isnowthestateofVirginia.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.what=GeorgeWashingtonwasbornintheplacethatisnowthestateofVirginia.D5.However,it is likely thatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.Itislikely/possible/probablethatsb/sthislikelytodosth某人某人/物有可能做某事物有可能做某事注意注意: likely 比较级为比较级为 likelier, 最高级为最高级为 likelieste.g.Sheis_tosucceed. 她有可能会成功她有可能会成功.=Itislikelythatshewillsucceed.likelyThisisa_story.这是一个有可能发生的故事这是一个有可能发生的故事.likely辨析辨析:likely, possible, probable按可能性程度按可能性程度,probable可能性最大可能性最大,其次为其次为likely,最小为最小为possible,但需要注意的是但需要注意的是,likely的主语可以的主语可以是人是人,但但possible,probable却只能用形式主语却只能用形式主语it.6.bymeansof:byusing用用办法办法,借助借助Hecrossedtheriverbymeansofaraft.Weexpressoutfeelingsbymeansofwords.means单复数同形单复数同形Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.Thequickestmeansoftravelisbyplane.bythismeans用这种方法用这种方法bynomeans决不决不,一点也不一点也不Itsnothingunusualtoexperiencefailure,andbynomeansoughtweloseheart.byanymeans无论如何无论如何byallmeans:尽一切办法尽一切办法anyway无论如何无论如何/务必务必Surely/Ofcourse当然可以当然可以bynomeans=notabit决不决不Bynomeans_giveintotheterriblecircumstancesatthattimealthoughfacedwithgreatdifficulty.A.theywillB.willtheyC.theywouldD.wouldthey注意放在句首时主句使用部分倒装。注意放在句首时主句使用部分倒装。means方法、手段、工具方法、手段、工具,单复数同形单复数同形,多和多和介词介词by搭配。搭配。way方法方法,普通用语。可用于任何处理事物的方式。普通用语。可用于任何处理事物的方式。多于介词多于介词in搭配。搭配。method方法方法,理论理论,指合乎逻辑或系统的方法。指合乎逻辑或系统的方法。多和介词多和介词with搭配。搭配。De.g.teachingmethod教学方法教学方法Only_thismethodcanyougetmuchbenefitfromitwhenreading.A.inB.onC.withD.byWelookforwardtothedaywhenthemotorcarhasbeenreplacedbysomelessdangerous_oftransport.A.meansB.methodsC.waysD.mannersCA1)Weexpressourthoughts_words.A.bythismeansB.byallmeansC.bynomeansD.bymeansof2)-MayIhavealookatyourbook?-_.A.BythismeansB.ByallmeansC.BythiswayD.Byanymeans3)Everymeans_beentried,andallmeans_wellnow.A.have;goB.has;goC.have;goesD.has;goesmeansD B B 7.In addition,manydiedfromthediseasebroughtbyEuropeans.1)inadditionto:除此之外除此之外,另外另外,加之加之e.g.Imetmypastteacherandsomeformerclassmates_inthesupermarket.我在超市里遇见了我以前的老师我在超市里遇见了我以前的老师,还有些还有些同班同学同班同学._cakesandcandies,guestswerealsoprovidedwithfruits.除了有蛋糕和糖果除了有蛋糕和糖果,还给客人们准备了水果还给客人们准备了水果.in additionIn addition to2)brought by Europeans为过去分词作定语为过去分词作定语,相当于相当于which were brought by Europeans,注意单个分词作定语放在所修饰的词前面注意单个分词作定语放在所修饰的词前面,分词短语作定语需放在所修饰的词之后。分词短语作定语需放在所修饰的词之后。Englishisa_language.英语是一种被广泛使用的语言。英语是一种被广泛使用的语言。Thisisoneoftheschools_in1980s.这是八十年代所建的学校之一。这是八十年代所建的学校之一。widely usedbuilt8.However,somesurvivedtheseterribletimes,andtodaytherearemoreNativeAmericansliving in Californiathaninanyotherstate.幸免幸免,幸免于难幸免于难Only12ofthe140passengers_.在在140名乘客中只有名乘客中只有12人幸免于难。人幸免于难。1)survivesurvived挺过来挺过来,挣扎过下去挣扎过下去e.g.IdontthinkI_anotherYearasateacher;justtoostressful.could survive比比(某人某人)长寿长寿,比比(通常指亲人通常指亲人)活的更长活的更长e.g.Harry_hiswifebythreemonths.哈里比他妻子多活了三个月。哈里比他妻子多活了三个月。survived2)living in California为现在分词短语作定语为现在分词短语作定语,相当于相当于定语从句定语从句who live in California。现在分词一般表示现在分词一般表示经常性的动作或现在的状态经常性的动作或现在的状态,也可以表示动作现在也可以表示动作现在正在发生或者与谓语动词所表示的的动作同时发生。正在发生或者与谓语动词所表示的的动作同时发生。e.g.TherearethreetypesoftigerlivinginChina(thatliveinChina).目前中国有三种虎。目前中国有三种虎。Thepicturehanging(thatishanging) onthewallispaintedbymynephew.墙上挂着的那幅画是我侄儿画的墙上挂着的那幅画是我侄儿画的.9.majorityn.大多数大多数 Themajority_forthebudget.Themajorityofstudents_hard-working.Themajorityofthedamage_easytorepair.is/areareis1)单独做主语时单独做主语时,若强调整体若强调整体,谓语动词用单数，谓语动词用单数，强调个体时强调个体时,谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。2)themajorityof+n.后可用不可数名词后可用不可数名词,也可用也可用可数名词复数可数名词复数,谓语动词由后面的名词决定。谓语动词由后面的名词决定。3)表示领先多少票数时用不定冠词表示领先多少票数时用不定冠词a。e.g.Hewaselectedbyamajorityof50.minority少数的少数的1)Atthemeeting,youngpeoplewere_.A.inmajorityB.inthemajorityC.ofmajorityD.ofthemajority2)Themajorityofstudents_treesinthefieldsandsomearecarryingwater.A.isplantingB.wasplantingC.areplantingD.wereplanting3)Themajority_withme.A.agreesB.agreeC.areagreedD.isagreemajorityB C B 10.declarevt.1)tomakeknownpubliclyorofficially宣布宣布,宣告宣告主席宣布了选举结果。主席宣布了选举结果。Thechairmandeclaredtheresultsoftheelection.警方现在已经对这个地区的毒贩宣战了。警方现在已经对这个地区的毒贩宣战了。Thepolicehavedeclaredwarondrugdealersinthisarea.法官宣判这个窃贼有罪。法官宣判这个窃贼有罪。Thejudgedeclaredthethiefguilty.2)tostatewithgreatforcessothatthereisnodoubtaboutthemeaning宣称宣称,声称声称,断言断言她郑重宣布她对此事一无所知。她郑重宣布她对此事一无所知。Shesolemnlydeclaredthatsheknewnothingaboutit.请表明你的立场。请表明你的立场。Declareyourposition,please.她声称自己无罪。她声称自己无罪。Shedeclaredherselftobeinnocent.他声明此事属实。他声明此事属实。Hedeclaredthatitwastrue.3)Tomakeafullstatement申报申报Haveyouanythingtodeclare?announce把大家所关心的事情把大家所关心的事情,特别是有新闻特别是有新闻价值的价值的,做一般或正式的宣布。做一般或正式的宣布。11.make/earna/oneslife谋生、习惯新的生活方式谋生、习惯新的生活方式make/earn/geta/onesliving谋生谋生现在越来越多的年轻人去了城市并在那儿谋生。现在越来越多的年轻人去了城市并在那儿谋生。Nowadaysmoreandmoreyoungpeoplemovetocitiestomakealifethere.12.However,thereisstillastrongSpanish influenceinthestate.influencen.影响力影响力,作用作用,有影响的人或物有影响的人或物e.g.Claudesworkhad_ongenerationsofmusicians.克劳德的作品对几代音乐家都产生过重要影响克劳德的作品对几代音乐家都产生过重要影响.HermothersaidthatIwas_onherdaughter.她母亲说我对她女儿产生了很坏的影响。她母亲说我对她女儿产生了很坏的影响。a major influencea bad influence13.alargepercentagehavechosen=alargepercentageofChinese-AmericanshavechosenAlargepercentageofpopulationliveinbigcities.这宾馆很大比例的收入来自于游览这湖的游客。这宾馆很大比例的收入来自于游览这湖的游客。Alargepercentageofthehotelsincomecomesfromthevisitorstothelake.Onlyasmallpercentageofstudentsareforeigners.percent(用在数词后用在数词后)(其余都用其余都用percentage)Theresultisexpressed_(以百分比以百分比)._(比例越来越大比例越来越大)ofthepopulationowntheirownhouses._(大部分大部分)peoplecame._(百分之五十的学生百分之五十的学生)camefromworkersfamily.asapercentage AnincreasingpercentageAlargepercentageof50percentofstudents14.establishatown建立城镇建立城镇establishanewbusiness开创新事业开创新事业establishfriendlyrelationswith建立友好关系建立友好关系establishthathewasright.证明他是对的。证明他是对的。15.immigratevi.(to/into)移居移居,迁入迁入他很小时从爱尔兰移民到美国他很小时从爱尔兰移民到美国Asachild,heimmigratedtotheUSfromIreland.immigrationn.immigrationlaws移民法移民法immigrant(s)n.theEuropeanimmigrants16.ItisbelievedthatItissaidthatItishopedthatItissupposedthatItissuggestedthatItisreportedthat.主语从句主语从句ItisreportedthatsomeEuropeancountriesarefloodedseverely.Itishopedthatthecostofmedicalcarecanbecutdown.17.mixn.混合混合V.混合混合,混乱混乱Wehavetocomeupwithamixofpoliciestopleasethevoters.(折中折中)Youcanmixyellowandbluetogethertomakegreen.Wecannotmixworkwithpleasure.mixturen.混合物混合物,混合体混合体这种饮料是三种不同饮料的混合物。这种饮料是三种不同饮料的混合物。Thedrinkisamixtureof3differentsortsofdrinks.amixtureofsadnessandanger/waterandoilvi.混合混合,使使结合结合Oilandwaterdontmix.Oildoesntmixwithwater.TomandJohnmixlikeoilandwater.Igot/wasmixedupatfirst.头脑混乱头脑混乱Hewasmixedupinthescandal.(丑闻丑闻)牵连到牵连到Dontgetmixedupwiththem.与与交往交往,有联系有联系Successisa_ofasharpmindandhardtrainingratherthanjusttalking.A.mixtureB.thoughtC.timeD.actionA 1.Tom_theplan.(汤姆反对这个计划汤姆反对这个计划)2._willgotoShanghaiafter3.graduation.(大多数人毕业后都会去上海大多数人毕业后都会去上海)4.3._studentscanpassthe5.exam.(少数学生能通过这次考试少数学生能通过这次考试)6.4.We_tenyears.7.(我们已经合作我们已经合作10年了年了)8.5._travelisbyplane.9.(旅行的最快方式是乘飞机旅行的最快方式是乘飞机)10.6.We_theenemy.(已向敌人宣战已向敌人宣战)objectedtoThemajorityAsmallpercentageofhaveteamedupforThequickestmeansofdeclaredwaronFillintheblanks.7.Themanageaskedtheworkersto_thework.(经理叫工人继续工作经理叫工人继续工作)8.Agoodidea_meallatonce.(我突然想到一个好主意我突然想到一个好主意)9._thatthesportsmeetwillbeheldasplanned.(人们相信运动会会照计划进行人们相信运动会会照计划进行)10.Hecouldtspeak,butmadehimselfunderstood_signs.(他虽然不会说话他虽然不会说话,但能但能通过手势让别人知道他的意思通过手势让别人知道他的意思)11.Thesetwodesignsarealmost_.(这两种设计几乎是一样的这两种设计几乎是一样的)keepupoccurredtoItisbelievedbymeansofidentical12.Writeinastyle_yoursubject.(用与你的题目相称的题材写用与你的题目相称的题材写)13.Thisbook_itsreaders.(这本书对其读者产生了巨大的影响这本书对其读者产生了巨大的影响)14._intheconcerthall.(音乐厅内不准吸烟音乐厅内不准吸烟)15.TheKingforbidsus_.(国王禁止我们外出国王禁止我们外出.)16.Isthere_hisguilt?(有什么根据证明他犯罪有什么根据证明他犯罪)17.Theweather_getbettertomorrow.(明天天气一定会变好明天天气一定会变好)appropriatetomadeagreatimpactonSmokingisforbiddenfromgoingoutanyevidenceforisboundto18.I_howtosolvetheproblem.(对于如何解决该问题，我跟他意见对于如何解决该问题，我跟他意见不一致不一致)19.Ifoundthehousewithout_.(我毫不费事地找到了那座房子我毫不费事地找到了那座房子)20.Theexchangerateis_today.(今天的兑换率对我们有利今天的兑换率对我们有利)differedwithhimonanybotherinourfavorHomework1.Finish“Learningaboutlanguage”onpage4.2.LookatthefollowingMapofNingbo.Writeashortpassage. MapofNingboYuyao_theeasternpartofZhejiangprovince,whereisthebeautiful,richandpopularYangtzDelta,_Hangzhoubay_,linkedwithSimingshanMounttothesouth,joinedwithShangyucity_andConnected_Ningbocitytotheeast.Exampleislocated into the northtothe westnext towith_thepopulationof830,000,Yuyao_anareaof1,527squarekilometres,whichistheheartof_Plain.Yuyaoalways_thereputationof“thefamousstateinthesoutheast”(东南东南名邑名邑),“thewell-knownliteraturestate”(文化文化名城名城)andsoon.WithcoversNingbo-Shaoxingenjoys