一、什么是行为动词一、什么是行为动词n行为动词指除动词行为动词指除动词bebe和和havehave以外，一切可以单独作以外，一切可以单独作谓语的动词。动词谓语的动词。动词bebe和动词和动词havehave一般表示状态，而一般表示状态，而行为动词大都用来表示动作，如行为动词大都用来表示动作，如workwork，studystudy，swimswim等。等。二、行为动词一般现在时的构成二、行为动词一般现在时的构成n行为动词一般现在时须用动词原形表示，但当主行为动词一般现在时须用动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，词尾须加语是第三人称单数时，词尾须加-s-s或或- -eses，其构，其构成方法与名词复数构成方法相同，现以动词成方法与名词复数构成方法相同，现以动词workwork为例：为例：I IYouYou（你）（你）HeHeSheSheItItWeWeYouYou（你们）（你们）TheyTheywork.works.work.三、行为动词一般现在时的基本三、行为动词一般现在时的基本用法用法n1 1）表示现在经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态：）表示现在经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态：I usually walk to school.I usually walk to school.They work here.They work here.My grandfather watches TV every evening.My grandfather watches TV every evening.He goes to school by bus.He goes to school by bus.n2 2）表示客观事实或普遍真理：）表示客观事实或普遍真理：The sun rises in the east.The sun rises in the east.The earth moves round the sun.The earth moves round the sun.Two plus two makes four.Two plus two makes four.n3 3）表示主语的特征、性格、能力等：）表示主语的特征、性格、能力等：She sings well.She sings well.John and I love sports.John and I love sports.We work hard.We work hard.They all like me.They all like me.n注意：英语中的人称代词有主格和宾格之分。主注意：英语中的人称代词有主格和宾格之分。主格人称代词在句中作主语；宾格人称代词作动词格人称代词在句中作主语；宾格人称代词作动词或介词宾语。一般现在时还常用在下列句子中：或介词宾语。一般现在时还常用在下列句子中：Here comes the bus.Here comes the bus.Here he comes.Here he comes.There goes the bell.There goes the bell.四、行为动词一般现在时第三人称四、行为动词一般现在时第三人称单数形式的构成单数形式的构成n行为动词一般现在时的第三人称单数形式的构成行为动词一般现在时的第三人称单数形式的构成方法和名词复数的构成方法完全一样。方法和名词复数的构成方法完全一样。n1 1）一般在动词原形后加）一般在动词原形后加s s：work workswork worksrun runsrun runslive liveslive livesn2 2）以）以s s, , x, x, shsh, , chch结尾的动词加结尾的动词加eses：finish finishesfinish finishesteach teachesteach teacheswatch watcheswatch watchesguess guessesguess guessesfix fixesfix fixesmix mixesmix mixesn4 4）如词末为）如词末为o o，o o前为辅音字母，加前为辅音字母，加 eses：go goesgo goesdo doesdo doesn3 3）以辅音字母加）以辅音字母加y y结尾的动词变结尾的动词变y y 为为i i 再加再加eses：carry carriescarry carriesfly fliesfly flies但但play playsplay plays的的y y 之前是元音字母，只加之前是元音字母，只加s s。五、常与一般现在时搭配使用的五、常与一般现在时搭配使用的时间状语时间状语n1 1）表示时间频度的词语：）表示时间频度的词语：always always usuallyusuallyoftenoftensometimessometimeshardlyhardlynevernevern2 2）与）与everyevery一起用的状语词组：一起用的状语词组：everevery ydaydayweekweekmonthmonthspringspringyearyearMondayMondayevery other day (=every two days)every other day (=every two days)every three hoursevery three hoursonce every two monthsonce every two monthsn3 3）其他）其他ininthe morningthe morningthe afternoonthe afternoonthe eveningthe eveningtwice a weektwice a week要点要点6 6 一般现在时的否定式一般现在时的否定式 一般现在时的否定式是在动词原形前一般现在时的否定式是在动词原形前加助动词加助动词do not (dont )；主语是第三人称单数主语是第三人称单数时在动词原形前加助动词时在动词原形前加助动词does not (doesndoes not (doesnt)t)，其结构为：，其结构为：1 1）主语）主语 + don+ dont+ t+ 动词原形动词原形 They They dondont t work here. work here. I I dondont t go to school on Sundays. go to school on Sundays.2 2）主语）主语( (第三人称单数第三人称单数)+ doesn)+ doesnt+ t+ 动词原形动词原形 She She doesndoesnt t like sports. like sports. The boy The boy doesndoesnt t study hard. study hard.* *如句中用了如句中用了nevernever（从不），（从不），hardlyhardly（很少、（很少、几乎不）等词来表示否定意义，就不能再使用几乎不）等词来表示否定意义，就不能再使用助动词助动词dondont t 或或doesndoesnt , t , 试比较：试比较：I I dondont t know you. know you.I I hardlyhardly know you. know you.I donI dont hardly know you.t hardly know you.(F)一般现在时用一般现在时用never , hardly never , hardly 表示否定意义时，表示否定意义时，如主语为第三人称单数，行为动词要加如主语为第三人称单数，行为动词要加-s -s 或或- -eses。试比较：试比较：He He nevernever get gets s up early. up early.He He hardlyhardly get gets s up early. up early.He He doesndoesnt gett get up early on Sundays. up early on Sundays.The girl The girl hardlyhardly go goeses to school by bus. to school by bus.The girl The girl doesndoesnt t gogo to school by bus. to school by bus.另外，为了加强否定意义可在否定句中加另外，为了加强否定意义可在否定句中加at all, at all, 如如I I dondont t like the book like the book at allat all. .要点要点7 7 行为动词一般现在时的疑问式和回答行为动词一般现在时的疑问式和回答 一般现在时的疑问式在句首加助动词一般现在时的疑问式在句首加助动词do, do, 主语为第三人称单数时在句首加主语为第三人称单数时在句首加does,does,其其结构是：结构是：1)1)Do + Do + 主语主语+ + 动词原形动词原形? ?2)2) They live near our school. They live near our school.3)3) DoDo they live near our school? they live near our school?4)4) The students like learning English. The students like learning English.5)5) DoDo the students like learning the students like learning English? English? 2)Does + 2)Does + 主语（第三人称单数）主语（第三人称单数）+ + 动词原形动词原形? ? He watch He watcheses TV every evening. TV every evening. DoesDoes he watch TV every evening? he watch TV every evening? My father teach My father teaches es Chinese.Chinese. DoesDoes your father teach Chinese? your father teach Chinese?简略回答用助动词简略回答用助动词do/does do/does 和和dondont/doesnt/doesnt t 代替行为动词代替行为动词. .Do you often go shopping with your mother?Do you often go shopping with your mother?-Yes, I -Yes, I dodo. / -No, I . / -No, I dondont t. .Does his mother work in that factory?Does his mother work in that factory?-Yes, -Yes, sheshe doesdoes. / -No, . / -No, sheshe doesndoesnt t.(.(回答回答时须用人称代词时须用人称代词) )要点要点8 8 用作助动词的用作助动词的dodo与用作行为动词的与用作行为动词的dodo 在英语中，在英语中，dodo既是一个助动词，又是既是一个助动词，又是一个行为动词。一个行为动词。1)do 1)do 用作行为动词一般表示用作行为动词一般表示“做做”、“干干”等等意思，意思， We We dodo morning exercises every day. morning exercises every day. Jack often Jack often doesdoes some washing on some washing on Sundays.Sundays. She never She never doesdoes her homework in the her homework in the evening.evening.2)do2)do用作助动词主要用来帮助构成疑问句、否定用作助动词主要用来帮助构成疑问句、否定句或用于替代等。句或用于替代等。 DoDo you drive to work every day ?( you drive to work every day ?(帮助构帮助构成疑问句成疑问句) ) He He doesndoesnt t work on Sundays.( work on Sundays.(帮助构成否帮助构成否定句定句) ) DoesDoes he like the job? he like the job? Yes, he Yes, he doesdoes. .( (用于替代用于替代) )* *区别区别dodo在以下句子中的不同功能在以下句子中的不同功能 DoDo you you dodo your lessons every day? your lessons every day? The students The students dondont t dodo their homework their homework on Saturdays.on Saturdays.n写出下列动词在句中的适当形式：写出下列动词在句中的适当形式：1 1）We _ (love) sports.We _ (love) sports.2 2）She _ (sing) well.She _ (sing) well.3 3）Tom and John _ (watch) TV every evening.Tom and John _ (watch) TV every evening.4 4）My son _ (go) to school by bike.My son _ (go) to school by bike.5 5）Their teacher usually _ (walk) to school.Their teacher usually _ (walk) to school.6 6）Five plus two _ (make) seven.Five plus two _ (make) seven.7 7）They all _ (like) him.They all _ (like) him.8 8）The sun _ (fall) in the west.The sun _ (fall) in the west.lovesingswatchgoeswalksmakeslikefalls4 4）His father and mother like watching TV.His father and mother like watching TV.5 5）She does her homework in the evening.She does her homework in the evening.6 6）The students do morning exercises every The students do morning exercises every day.day.将下列句子改为否定句和疑问句：将下列句子改为否定句和疑问句：1 1）They work in a factory.They work in a factory.2 2）Mary likes sports.Mary likes sports.3 3）The boys go to school on foot.The boys go to school on foot.