Unit1UsingLanguagemovementbackwardspinenthusiasticcautiousrejectuniversen.移动移动;运动运动;动作动作adv.&adj.向后地向后地(的的)相反地相反地(的的);退步地退步地(的的)vt.&vi.(使使)旋转旋转;纺纺(线或纱线或纱)adj.热情的热情的;热心的热心的adj.小心的小心的;谨慎的谨慎的vt.拒绝拒绝;丢弃丢弃;抛弃抛弃n.宇宙宇宙;世界世界Wordspreview(be)strictwithmakesense对对严格的严格的讲得通讲得通;有意义有意义Expressionspreview神舟神舟6号号 Listening费俊龙聂海胜被授予费俊龙聂海胜被授予英雄航天员荣誉称号英雄航天员荣誉称号神舟神舟6号号神舟神舟6号号 WhoisthefamousrocketexpertinChina?QianXuesenQianXuesenisoneofthebest-knownscientistsinChina.HisworkhasbeenveryimportantforthedevelopmentofChina.WhatdoyouknowaboutQianXuesen?YuPingistellingherfriendSteveSmithaboutQianXueshenslife.Listentothetapeandthenanswerthequestions.YuPingandherfriendSteveSmitharetalkingaboutQianXuesen,whohasmadegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofChinasspaceindustry.Beforeyoulistentothetape,lookatthescreenandreadthenewwordsinthematerial:astronomer(天文学家天文学家)astronaut(宇航员宇航员)institute(研究所研究所)2ListentoParts1and2ofthetapeforthefirsttimeandwritedownthemainidea.1.WhatdidQianXuesenstudyfirst?QianXuesenfirststudiedtobeanengineer.2.WhatexperiencedidhegetinAmericathatwasveryusefulforChina?InAmericahebegantoworkonspacerocketssothathewasabletodevelopaspaceprogrammewhenhecamebacktoChina.3.WhatwasQianXuesensachievementwhenhereturnedtoChinafromAmerica?WhenQianXuesenreturnedtoChinahesetupaspaceinstitutetobegintrainingpeopleinhowtodesignandbuildrockets.4ListentoPart2andfillinthechartbelow.ChinasachievementsinspaceSteveSmithsambitions1Chineseastronautsinspace2Chinesesatellitesinspace1becomearocketscientist2bethefirsttolandonMarsandputQianXuesenspicturethereAGREATCHINESESCIENTISTFatheroftheChinesespaceprogrammeYu Ping (YP) is talking to her friend Steve Smith (SS) about Qian Xuesen and his work as a rocket scientist. ListeningtextYP:Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup,Steve?SS:Iwanttobeanastronomerandvisitstars.IwishtovisitMarsoneday.YP:IthinkIdliketoworkinthespaceindustrytoo.IdliketobearocketscientistlikeQianXuesen.SS:Whatdidhehavetodotobecomearocketscientist?YP:Well,hefirststudiedatuniversitytobeanengineer.LaterhewenttoAmericatostudyforhisdoctorsdegree.Itwasthenhebegantoworkonrockets.SS:SoitwasluckyforourspaceprogrammethathecamebacktoChina.YP:Verymuchso.TherewasnoworkonspacerocketsinChinabeforehebeganhisinstitutetodesignandbuildrocketstogointospace.Part2SS:Doyouthinkhewantedtotravelintospaceinoneofhisrockets?YP:IhavenoideabutIbelievehelookedforwardtothefirstspaceflightbyaChineseastronaut.SS:Yes.NowthatChinahassentsatellitesintospace.IhopewellbethefirsttolandonMars.ThatwouldreallybesomethingspecialandifIwerethatastronautIwouldputQianXuesenspictureonMarstoshowhowmuchweadmirehiswork.YP:Indeed.HeisrightlycalledthefatheroftheChinesespaceprogramme.HeismyheroandheiswhyIwanttobearocketscientist.SS:Well,wedbettergetonwithourhomework.Weneedgoodgradestogetintouniversity.YP:Rightyouare.Seeyou,then.SS:Seeyou.Ingroupsdiscusswhatscientificjobeachofyouwouldliketochooseinthefuture.SpeakingThesequestionsmayhelpyou:1Whatjobdoyouwanttodo?2Whateducationwillyouneed?3Whatpersonalitywillbeneeded?4Howlongwillthetrainingtake?5Whatworkexperiencewouldbeuseful?6Howwillyouprepareforthiscareer?MIKE:Whatdoyouwanttodowhenyougrowup?LIRU:Iwanttobuildrobots.IwillhavetodoaphysicsandmathematicsdegreeinChina. Sampleconversation:AfterthatIhopetogoabroadtoReadingUniversityinEnglandwhereyoucanstudyallaboutrobots.Thereisaspecialcybernetics(控制论控制论)departmentthere.MIKE:Whatpersonalitywillbeneededforthatjob?LIRU:IthinkIneedtobepatientformyideaswhichwilltakealongtimetodevelop.Ialsoneedtobecreativeenoughtohavegoodideas.MIKE:Whatexperiencewillbemostusefultoyou?LIRU:Ithinktechnologyandengineeringprojects.Ihopetoworkinafactoryinmyholidays.MIKE:Whatkindofpersonmakesagoodinventor?LIRU:Ithinksomeonewhoishappytopersevereatsomethingandlearnsfromhismistakes.MIKE:Thankyou.Ithinkdesigningrobotssoundsfun.COPERNICUSREVOLUTIONARYTHEORYReadingDaVinciDonQuixoteGalileoHamletCervantesFreeFallExperimentShakespeareMonaLisaMatchthepeoplewiththeirachievement1.Doyouknowwhatisthecenterofthesolarsystem?2.Canyounamethenineplanetsinthesolarsystem?WarmingupNinePlanetsIntheSolarSystem.Mercury水星水星Venus金星金星Earth地球地球Mars火星火星Jupiter木星木星Saturn土星土星Uranus天王星天王星Neptune海王星海王星Pluto冥王星冥王星NinePlanetsIntheSolarSystem:Mnemonics(记忆术记忆术)MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePlutoMyVeryEasyMethod:JustSetUpNinePlanets.Canyouuseagoodmethodtomemorizethem?Thetopicofthevideoisabout_.PtolemyZhangHengDoyouknowanyfamouspersoninthefieldofspaceanduniverse?StephenHawkingHubbleCopernicusGalileoCopernicus哥白尼哥白尼(NicolausCopernicus,1473-1543),波兰天文学家、日心说创立者波兰天文学家、日心说创立者,近代天文学的奠基人。近代天文学的奠基人。哥白尼经过长期的天文观测和研哥白尼经过长期的天文观测和研究究,创立了更为科学的宇宙结构体系创立了更为科学的宇宙结构体系日心说日心说,从此否定了在西方统治从此否定了在西方统治达一千多年的地心说。达一千多年的地心说。日心说经历了艰苦的斗争后日心说经历了艰苦的斗争后, ,才为人们才为人们所接受所接受, , 这是天文学上一次伟大的革这是天文学上一次伟大的革命命, ,不仅引起了人类宇宙观的重大革新不仅引起了人类宇宙观的重大革新, ,而且从根本上动摇了欧洲中世纪宗教而且从根本上动摇了欧洲中世纪宗教神学的理论支柱。神学的理论支柱。“从此自然科学便从此自然科学便开始从神学中解放出来开始从神学中解放出来”, ,“科学的发科学的发展从此便大踏步前进展从此便大踏步前进”（恩格斯（恩格斯自自然辩证法然辩证法）。）。 哥白尼著有阐述日心说的哥白尼著有阐述日心说的天体运行论天体运行论(1543(1543年出版年出版),),由于受到时代的局限由于受到时代的局限, ,在日心说中保留了所谓在日心说中保留了所谓“完美的完美的”圆形圆形轨道等论点。其后轨道等论点。其后开普勒开普勒建立行星运动建立行星运动三定律三定律, ,牛顿牛顿发现万有引力定律，以及行发现万有引力定律，以及行星光行差、视差相继发现星光行差、视差相继发现, ,日心说遂建立日心说遂建立在更加稳固的科学基础上。在更加稳固的科学基础上。WeknowthefirstscientistisCopernicus.Hewasoneofthefirstscientiststousemathematicalobservationstocollectinformation.Hebelievedthesunisthecenteroftheuniverseandtheearthandotherplanetswentaroundit.ThechartonP.7showshistheory.Pre-readingCopernicusRevolutionaryTheoryBirth:February19,1473Death:May24,1543PlaceofBirth:Toru,PolandCareer:1491-1494StudiedmathematicsatKrakwAcademy1496WenttoItalytostudyastronomyandlawattheUniversityofBolognaNicolasCopernicus1497BeganobservationsoftheSun,Moon,andplanets1514WroteCommentariolus,anoutlineofhisastronomicalideas,butdidnotcirculateitwidely1543PublishedDeRevolutionibusOrbiumCoelestium(OntheRevolutionsoftheCelestial)1.AtCopernicustime,ChristianChurch2.wasinchargeofmanywestern3.countries.Readthroughthepassage,andtellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.Reading3.Copernicusdidntshowhisnewtheorytohisfriendsuntilhecompletedit.4.Hisfriendswerenotinterestedinhisideas.2.Copernicusnoticedthatobservedfromtheearth,someplanetsappearinfrontoforbehindtheearth.5.SincehewasnotafraidofbeingattackedbytheChurch,Copernicuspublishedhisbookassoonashefinishedworkingonit.6.Newton,Einstein,andHawkingareallscientistswhomadecontributionstothestudyoftheuniverse.BeforeCopernicustheoryShowingCopernicustheoryAdiagramshowingthesolarsystemwiththeearthatitscentreAdiagramshowingthesolarsystemwiththesunasitscentreReadcarefullyandtrytodrawthetwotheoriesoftheuniverse.1.WhatconclusiondidCopernicusmathematicalcalculationsleadto?2.Whycouldnthetellanyoneaboutthetheory?3.HowmanyyearsdidCopernicusworkontheproblemtocompletehistheory?4.WhendidCopernicuspublishhistheory?5.DoyouthinkitsrightforCopernicustopublishhistheorythatlate?Readthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.Hismathematicalcalculationsledtotheconclusionthattheearthwasnotthecenterofthesolarsystem.1.WhatconclusiondidCopernicusmathematicalcalculationsleadto?BecausethepowerfulChristianChurchwouldhavepunishedhimforevensuggestingsuchanidea.2.Whycouldnthetellanyoneaboutthetheory?4years.3.HowmanyyearsdidCopernicusworkontheproblemtocompletehistheory?Studentsgivetheirownanswers.5.DoyouthinkitsrightforCopernicustopublishhistheorythatlate?Hepublishedhistheoryashelaydyingin1543.4.WhendidCopernicuspublishhistheory?2IfyouwereNicolausCopernicus,wouldyouhavehiddenyourtheoryforsomanyyears?Giveyourreasons.Asascientist,Copernicuswasmorecautiousthancoward.Ifhehadpublishedhisideasathistime,hewouldhavebeenkilledjustasBrunowhowasburnttodeathbecausehistheorywasagainsttheChristianChurchs.Everytimeanewideaappears,therearealwaysrejections.Itsnormal.Scientistsshouldhavepatiencetospreadtheirtruth.1)这个句子，好像一点也讲不通。这个句子，好像一点也讲不通。Thesentencedoesntseemtomakesense.2)你编的故事我听不明白。你编的故事我听不明白。Yourstorydoesntmakesensetome.1 makesense 讲得通；有道理讲得通；有道理Languagepoints2enthusiastic:beinterestedin热情的热情的;热心的热心的Shesvery_singing.Weexplainourplan,andheisvery_.enthusiasticabout/overenthusiasticenthusiasticenthusiasmenthusiastically Sheshowsboundless_forthework.Shegreetedhim_withakiss.Sheisvery_aboutEasternmusic.enthusiasmenthusiasticallyenthusiasticIfyoudontlikeTom,youmayr_hisgift.Ifyoudontthinkthesuggestionissuitableforyou,youmayr_it.ejecteject3rejectvt.拒绝拒绝;不接受不接受;丢丢弃弃Herejectedtheirofferofajob.他拒绝了他们给他的工作。他拒绝了他们给他的工作。rejectanofferapossibilityatheoryrefusetoacceptrejectedcandidateapplicantTheguardwarnedmetobecautiousaboutstrangers.Myfatherisaverycautiousdriver.警卫告戒我要当心陌生人。警卫告戒我要当心陌生人。我的爸爸是一位非常谨慎的司机。我的爸爸是一位非常谨慎的司机。4cautious:carefultoavoidriskbecautiousabout/ofsb./sth.Firstinpairsbrainstormsomereasonswhyheshouldpublishhistheory.NowwriteashortletteraskingCopernicustopublishhisideassoeveryonecanreadthem.WritingSecondmakeaplan.ForexampleBeginning:TellCopernicuswhoyouareandwhyyouwanthimtopublishhisideas.Paragraph1:Reason1andevidence.Paragraph2:Reason2andevidence.Conclusion:Askhimtothinkagainaboutpublishinghisideas. DearNicolausCopernicus,IamastudentstudyingastronomyandIwouldverymuchliketoreadyournewtheoryaboutthesolarsystem.Ihopeyouwillpublishitforseveralreasons.Iunderstandtheproblemswiththepresenttheory.ThewaytheplanetsSamplewriting:moveisnotwhatyouwouldexpectiftheearthwasthecentreoftheuniverse.Itisalsooddthatthebrightnessofsomestarsseemstochange.SoIagreewithyouthatweneednewtheory. Iknowyourobservationshavebeenverycarefullycarriedoutovermanyyears.Nowyoumusthavethecouragetopublishthem.Sciencecanneveradvanceunlesspeoplehavethecourageoftheirbeliefs.Iknowyouworryaboutwhatwillhappenifyoupublishyournewtheory.Nomatterhowpeopleopposeit,timewillshowifyourideasarerightorwrong.SoIhopeyouwillfeelyoucanpublishyournewtheory.Yourssincerely,(yourname)