广广 东东 英英 语语 高高 考考 写写 作作 之之 - 读读 写写 任任 务务 行知职校杨淑敏1读写任务读写任务概述概述概括概括主体写作主体写作2 读写任务的特征和基本要求：读写任务的特征和基本要求： 高高考考读读写写任任务务是是具具有有一一定定开开放放性性的的写写作作命命题题。它它属属于于材材料料作作文文， 主主要要考考查查考考生生的的篇篇章章概概括括和和语语言言表表达达能能 力力 。 读读写写任任务务首首先先给给出出一一段段短短文文，让让考考生生阅阅读读后后在在规规定定的的时时间间内内用用2 2- -3 3句句话话，约约3 30 0词词概概括括文文章章大大意意，然然后后根根据据一一个个考考生生熟熟悉悉或或比比较较熟熟悉悉的的主主题题，围围绕绕2 2- -3 3个个要要点点发发 表表 自自 己己 的的 一一 些些 看看 法法 。【概述概述】3年份年份涉及话题涉及话题题材或主题题材或主题阅读文长度阅读文长度体裁体裁省均分省均分2012学校生活学校生活老师对学生的影响老师对学生的影响191字字记叙文记叙文11.942011日常生活日常生活讲述一次想家的经历讲述一次想家的经历188字字记叙文记叙文12.212010社会现象社会现象对用金钱鼓励孩子学对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的现象进行议论习的现象进行议论188字字夹叙夹议夹叙夹议10.782009人与动物人与动物是否禁止游客与动物是否禁止游客与动物拍照拍照169字字说明文说明文10.322008学校生活学校生活理想的大学生活理想的大学生活187字字发言稿发言稿11.32007人际关系人际关系感恩父亲感恩父亲236字字书信书信8.952007-2012广东英语高考之读写任务概况广东英语高考之读写任务概况【概述概述】4具体分析：具体分析：阅读短文和写作要求有以下几个特点：阅读短文和写作要求有以下几个特点：(1)长度：长度：约约200个词。个词。(2)难度：难度：较阅读理解的文章容易。较阅读理解的文章容易。(3)体裁：体裁：多种多样，六年体裁各不相同。多种多样，六年体裁各不相同。 (4)来源：来源：来自于外国网站或英美报刊：来自于外国网站或英美报刊：2010年年:http:/www.time.com/time/nation/article/0, 8599, 1978589, 00. html2008年：年：http:/answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070727112932AAk5fLK【概述概述】5作文题的特点作文题的特点(1)话题：话题：均在均在课程标准课程标准和和考试说明考试说明规定规定的的24个话题之内。个话题之内。(2)题材：题材：真实可靠，贴近学生的学习与生活，为真实可靠，贴近学生的学习与生活，为考生所熟悉。考生所熟悉。(3)概括：概括：一般是概括全文，如一般是概括全文，如2008-2012年高考；年高考；也可以是概括其中的某个小段落、某个人物或某也可以是概括其中的某个小段落、某个人物或某个方面，如个方面，如2007年高考题年高考题(仅此一年仅此一年)。(4)内容：内容：要求考生发表观点的写作内容要点明确，要求考生发表观点的写作内容要点明确，近六年高考中每年都有近六年高考中每年都有3条具体的内容要点。一般条具体的内容要点。一般说来，考生都有话可写。说来，考生都有话可写。【概述概述】6(5)词数：词数：从近六年高考改卷的实际来看，似乎对从近六年高考改卷的实际来看，似乎对字数并没有严格的要求。六年高考满分作文，概字数并没有严格的要求。六年高考满分作文，概括在括在2638个词之间，符合约个词之间，符合约30个词的要求；但个词的要求；但发表观点部分，均大大超过发表观点部分，均大大超过120个词。因此，我们个词。因此，我们指导学生写作时，要求他们以表达思想为主，不指导学生写作时，要求他们以表达思想为主，不必过于拘泥字数多少。但我们建议，在平时训练必过于拘泥字数多少。但我们建议，在平时训练中，概括部分以中，概括部分以2535词为宜，发表观点部分以词为宜，发表观点部分以110130词为宜。词为宜。【概述概述】7考生得分情况考生得分情况 本题满分本题满分25分，近六年全省高考考生得分率均分，近六年全省高考考生得分率均还在还在40%左右，即大约只有左右，即大约只有10分分，2011年全省平年全省平均分为均分为12.21分分,依然没有依然没有25分的一半分的一半,还有很大的上还有很大的上升空间。据此，我们有理由相信，在高考选拔考升空间。据此，我们有理由相信，在高考选拔考试中，试中，读写任务题读写任务题是学生获取高分，与其他考生是学生获取高分，与其他考生拉开距离的有效突破口！拉开距离的有效突破口！【概述概述】8summaryunderstandingtopic sentenceskey words set sentence patternssummarize/rewritethe writing stylethe person【概括概括】9Styles of passageargumentation 1narration2exposition3【概括概括】10短文概括重在抓短文概括重在抓实义词实义词,选选关键词关键词 关键词的分类关键词的分类 主语主语谓语谓语形容词形容词短文中出现最多的主语名词，短文中出现最多的主语名词，通常就是大意句的主语。通常就是大意句的主语。阅读时划出每一句的主语阅读时划出每一句的主语 谁谁“干什么干什么” “怎么样怎么样”观点和态度观点和态度褒：赞成褒：赞成 or 肯定肯定贬：反对贬：反对 or 否定否定【概括概括】11针对不同文体写短文概括说明文和新闻报道记叙文议论文中心句中心句(通常在首段通常在首段) 抓好关键词抓好关键词现象分析型说明文现象分析型说明文: “现象现象” “现象形成原因现象形成原因” “解决问题的方法或建议解决问题的方法或建议” “五何五何”: 何时何时 (when), 何地何地 (where), 何人何人 (who), 何事何事 (what) ,结果如何结果如何 (how) 夹叙夹议型夹叙夹议型: 加上作者的看法或感想等加上作者的看法或感想等 以第三人称或无人称来概括以第三人称或无人称来概括找出中心论点以及最后的结论，再补充论据找出中心论点以及最后的结论，再补充论据【概括概括】- 现象、原因、解决办法现象、原因、解决办法-主题概括法主题概括法 / 段意合并法段意合并法-要素串联法要素串联法12短文概括的内容要点需谨记下面的六种技巧短文概括的内容要点需谨记下面的六种技巧 skill1: 省略细节省略细节 Skill2: 省略重复了的内容省略重复了的内容 Skill3: 省略例子省略例子 Skill4: 用概括性的语言而不是精确的语言用概括性的语言而不是精确的语言 Skill5: 使用短而精的连词，如使用短而精的连词，如but, and, besides. Skill6: 用间接引语表达对话内容。用间接引语表达对话内容。【概括概括】13提醒学生写短文概括时注意提醒学生写短文概括时注意1.不需要把所有要点都涵盖。不需要把所有要点都涵盖。2.概括记叙文时比重最大的是概括记叙文时比重最大的是what，但不要把，但不要把what写得太详细，注意浓缩。写得太详细，注意浓缩。3.找出叙事中夹带的议论，挖掘出文章的主题。找出叙事中夹带的议论，挖掘出文章的主题。4.用自己的话把主题和主要情节组织成摘要。用自己的话把主题和主要情节组织成摘要。5.抄袭原文或表达了自己的意见将被扣分或得零抄袭原文或表达了自己的意见将被扣分或得零分。分。【概括概括】14短文概括开头常用句型短文概括开头常用句型1. According to the passage, we know that. From the passage, we can know that.2. In this passage, the writer / author states / thinks / argues that.3. In this passage, the writer/author tells us about.4. The story / passage is about.5. The story / passage mainly tells us that.6. Its reported that. As is reported in the passage, .【概括概括】15记叙文概括技巧记叙文概括技巧1. 开头套用语句语开头套用语句语(第一段开头语第一段开头语)The story/passage is aboutThe writer/author tells us about.The story mainly tells us that.2. 记叙文概括方法：要素串联法记叙文概括方法：要素串联法【概括概括】16narration the six elements of a narrative passage whowhenwhere What (event)How (process)why什么人在什么时候什么地方发生了什什么人在什么时候什么地方发生了什么事情，结果如何。么事情，结果如何。【概括概括】17 Hi, I am Mike. I just went through my first year of college. The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment. I went to a very small high school where my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me. But at the college I need to know some basic life skills, such as balancing a check-book, laundry, and the things you have to be able to handle that I never thought of in the high school! It was really tough for me at first and I got badly homesick. Once that first semester was over and I got used to the college life, I love itgood facilities, helpful instructors, and a good library. The students Union organizes various parties every week. I also go to cinemas and concerts, and often spend Saturday nights in pubs and clubs. One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. I was on dance team in college and met a ton of people that wayit was so much easier to make friends when you had a common ground.Find out key points in the story:【概括概括】18 the six elements of a narrative passage who When/where /What How (process)At first: Then: At last: why MikeHis first year of collegetoughestadjustmentgot used to itlove the college lifeGet himself active in thingsSkill: Combination of elements 要素串联法要素串联法【概括概括】19 _his first year of college life. At first he _, but aftergetting active in things for one semester,he _ and_ didnt adjust himself welladapted to itenjoyed himselfTry it!本题为本题为2008年广东高考读写任务年广东高考读写任务The writer mainly tells us about【概括概括】20Who (人物人物)What (发生什么事情发生什么事情)First：Next:Finally:Implication(寓意如有则寓意如有则写写)Summary of a story:要素串连法故事性的短文概括应围绕“什么人、发生了什么事、什么人、发生了什么事、结局如何，（有什么寓意）结局如何，（有什么寓意）”来写，即阐述一个故事梗概，忌力陈细节，忌掺入个人评价。 【概括概括】21The elements of an argumentation1.a strong statement of opinion. (the topic sentences)2.support for the opinion. (supportingsentences)3. conclusion/suggestions. (the purpose of the passage)议论文概括技巧议论文概括技巧【概括概括】22 Methods:1. Find out the topic sentences/ key phrases2. Find out the supporting evidences or facts.3. Find out the words or phrases that appear most frequently.How to summarize an argumentation well?【概括概括】23 Getting up early has been regard as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early, we would be energetic the whole day. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all. In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the day. If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, we can build our bodies and become much healthier. Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. However, if we get up late, we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry. Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. If we stick to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit a lot from it.241. A strong statement of opinion. (the key idea):Getting up early /a good habit /of great importance 2. Support for the opinion (supporting sentences) a better memory a healthier body a better preparation for the day3. Conclusion/suggestions.a good habit / benefit a lot 【概括概括】25 The passage says getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot. It enables us to have a better memory, healthier body and better preparation for the day.some set sentence patterns.The passage says/This passage states thatIn the writers opinion,The writer thinks thatSkill: :主题概括法主题概括法 / /段意合并法段意合并法 (topic (topic sentences or key wordssentences or key words，if no topic if no topic sentences) sentences) (适合于议论文适合于议论文)【概括概括】26如果是议论文的阅读短如果是议论文的阅读短文文,则要尽可能客观简要则要尽可能客观简要地地转述转述阅读材料的观点。阅读材料的观点。 【概括概括】27说明文的概括说明文的概括中心句中心句(通常在首段通常在首段) 抓好关键词抓好关键词现象分析型说明文现象分析型说明文: “现象现象” “现象形成原因现象形成原因” “解决问题的方法或建议解决问题的方法或建议”【概括概括】28 You may not be very familiar with” ecotourism”- a new term in todays tourism industry- but in an area of growing environmental consciousness, it is not too difficult for us to imagine and work out the meaning of this new form of holiday. Ecotourism is typically defined as travel to places where the unique flowers, plants, animals and the cultural heritage are the primary attractions. It is considered as a kind of responsible tourism which seriously takes ecology and culture into consideration. Therefore, programs involving the conservation and preservation of some natural and cultural sites also form a part of ecotourism. Ecotourism is developing at great speed. According to a report by the World Tourism Organization, ecotourism in recent years has enjoyed an annual growth of about 5% worldwide. Over 80 activities have been listed for education, such as bird watching, hiking, diving, photography, mountaineering and participating in various kinds of local cultural events. Although big cities are still the major places that absorb tourists in our society today, it looks like some smaller towns and rural areas rich in ecological, cultural and historical resources may well become the new destinations for people to visit tomorrow.【概括概括】29说明对象说明对象说明对象说明对象的解释的解释 Find out the topic and expositions in the passage:ecotourisma. It is a new form of holiday b. Programs involving the conservation and preservation of some natural and cultural sites also form a part of ecotourism.Skill : 主题概括法主题概括法 段意合并法段意合并法 ( (适合于说明文适合于说明文) )d. some smaller towns and rural areas rich in ecological, cultural and historicresources may well become the new destinations for people to visit tomorrow. 注意：用自己的话表达注意：用自己的话表达C. Ecotourism is developing at a great speed. 30Summary: Ecotourism is a new fast-developing traveling form of holiday which attracts tourists by natural and cultural heritage, as well as historic resources. It can be a way to protect the environment. (31 words)Skill : 主题概括法主题概括法 段意合并法段意合并法 ( (适合于说明文适合于说明文) )说明性说明性短文短文,用用概括概括的文字来说明某种现象。的文字来说明某种现象。 【概括概括】31记叙文的过渡语记叙文的过渡语(1)I have a similar experience.(2)I also went through such an experience.(3)This story reminds me of another story that happened to. (4)This story reminds me of a similar experience of. 概括后过渡语概括后过渡语:在写完概括之后在写完概括之后,要有过渡词要有过渡词或过渡句或过渡句,才使上下文自然衔接。才使上下文自然衔接。【主体写作主体写作】32议论文的过渡语议论文的过渡语表示赞同表示赞同(1)I agree with the statement that. (2)I do agree with the author. (3)Im for the writers idea that. (4)I quite agree with the writers idea.(5)I fully support the statement above because I am very sure. (6)I cant agree more with what the writer said/says.(我完全同意作者的观点我完全同意作者的观点)【主体写作主体写作】33表示不赞同表示不赞同(1)I partly agree with what the writer said.(2)I dont agree with the writers view.(3)Im strongly against the writers idea.(4)In some way, I agree with., but.(5)This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical.(6)What the writer said sounds reasonable. But.(7)It is definitely not like that. As a matter of fact,.(8)Some people argue as if it is a general truth that. But to be frank, I cannot agree with them.【主体写作主体写作】34表达自己观点表达自己观点(1)As for me,. (2)In my opinion, . (3)As far as I am concerned,. (4)From my point of view. (5)I hold the view/belief that. (6)Personally, I believe that. (7)According to my experience, I think that. 【主体写作主体写作】35引出话题引出话题(1)There is no doubt that. 毫无疑问毫无疑问(2)It can not be denied that. 不可否认不可否认(3)No one can ignore the fact that. 谁也不可谁也不可忽视忽视(4)From what is mentioned above, we know. 依上所述，我们知道依上所述，我们知道【主体写作主体写作】36提供论据或原因分析的套语提供论据或原因分析的套语总述原因总述原因(1)There are several reasons that contribute to . (2)My views are based on the following reasons.分层论述分层论述(1)On the one hand,. On the other,. 一方面一方面另一另一方方(2)For one thing,. For another. 一则一则二则二则(3)To begin with/First of all/First (ly),. Second (ly), . Besides/Furthermore /Whats more,. Finally/Last but not least. 首先首先其次其次此此外外/而且而且最后最后【主体写作主体写作】37列举例子列举例子(1)Take. for example. 以以为例吧为例吧 (2)For example/instance,. 例如，例如， (3)such as比如说，诸如比如说，诸如之类的之类的引出经历引出经历 What impresses me most is that. 我印象最为深的我印象最为深的是是分析因果分析因果 Thanks to/ Owing to/ Because of.由于由于/因为因为Consequently/Therefore/Thus/ As a result,. 因此因此/结果结果【主体写作主体写作】38(1)To sum up/In short/In conclusion/ In a word/All in all, . 总之，总之，(2)Taking all the factors into account, we can draw a conclusion that. 考虑到以上因素，我们可以得出这样的考虑到以上因素，我们可以得出这样的结论：结论：(3)From the discussion above, it can be safely concluded that. 根据以上讨论，可以得出如下结论：根据以上讨论，可以得出如下结论：(4)To be brief, we should be aware of the importance of. 总总之，我们应当明白之，我们应当明白的重要性。的重要性。(5)Therefore, it is necessary for us to . 因此，我们有必要因此，我们有必要(6)Only /in this way /when we. can we. 只有用这种方法只有用这种方法/当当时，我们才能时，我们才能总结句开头语总结句开头语【主体写作主体写作】39如何提高作文档次如何提高作文档次如何提高作文档次如何提高作文档次1.保证赏心悦目保证赏心悦目:注重字体的美化注重字体的美化,保持保持卷面整洁卷面整洁,提高提高印象分。印象分。 1) 切忌书写不清、涂涂抹抹；切忌书写不清、涂涂抹抹； 2) 保持单词之间的距离基本一致，一般为一个保持单词之间的距离基本一致，一般为一个a字母字母 的间隙；的间隙； 3) 错词只用一条横线或斜线划掉，尽量错词只用一条横线或斜线划掉，尽量 不重复涂写不重复涂写同一字母或单词；同一字母或单词； 4) 每段前空格约每段前空格约4个字母个字母的位置。的位置。 5) 概括概括一般单独一般单独一自然段一自然段；发表看法或议论时，依；发表看法或议论时，依照试题所给内容要点本身的顺序，原则上照试题所给内容要点本身的顺序，原则上每个每个 要点要点单独写一个自然段单独写一个自然段，这不但保证写作内容，这不但保证写作内容覆盖覆盖所有写作点，而且层次清晰，让阅卷老师所有写作点，而且层次清晰，让阅卷老师一目一目了然；若其中两条逻辑关系特别紧密，也了然；若其中两条逻辑关系特别紧密，也可用可用一个自然段来表达。一个自然段来表达。【主体写作主体写作】402.避免低级错误避免低级错误:避免避免语法和拼写语法和拼写的低级错误的低级错误,避避免被扣印象分。免被扣印象分。3.表达精练简洁表达精练简洁:表达不要罗嗦表达不要罗嗦,若能用若能用非谓语动非谓语动词词做定语或状语就不要用定语从句或状语从做定语或状语就不要用定语从句或状语从句。句。4.句子句子错落有致错落有致:根据表达需要根据表达需要,交叉使用长句与交叉使用长句与短句短句,简单句与复合句。简单句与复合句。5.句式句式多种多样多种多样:多样化句式多样化句式,方能显示较强的语方能显示较强的语言功底言功底,大大提高作文档次。大大提高作文档次。【主体写作主体写作】411.用it is/was that强调句强调句式.2.用作状语的介词短语开头的完全倒装完全倒装句或用以only in this way 等开头的部分倒装部分倒装句.3.用with的复合结构的复合结构(with+宾语+宾补)作状语.4.用非谓语动词非谓语动词简化状语从句或并列结构.5.用what引导的名词性从句引导的名词性从句.6.用独立主格独立主格结构.7.恰当运用感叹句感叹句,被动句被动句等.8.适当使用插入语插入语,如to be honest, I guess, I think,personally等.9.尽量用短语短语代替单词来表达同样的意思.10.恰当使用关联词语,恰当使用关联词语，做到过渡自然，结构紧凑，篇章连贯。多样化句式多样化句式【主体写作主体写作】42写作中经常用到的关联词写作中经常用到的关联词举例举例: for example; for instance, such as : for example; for instance, such as 列举列举: for one thingand for another .: for one thingand for another .转折转折: however, but, after all.: however, but, after all.总结总结:in a wordin brief, in conclusion .:in a wordin brief, in conclusion .因果因果:thanks to, as a result (of ), due to , :thanks to, as a result (of ), due to , therefore therefore 强调强调:indeed, certainly, above all:indeed, certainly, above all对比对比:in the same way, just as, compared with, :in the same way, just as, compared with, on the one handand on the other handon the one handand on the other hand递进递进:then, besides, whats more:then, besides, whats more【主体写作主体写作】43 Thank You For Listening!44