Unit 1 Living wellLearning about Language 1 Fill in the table below. You can use the dictionary to help you. NounAdjectiveambitiousabsentsuitabilitybenefitannoynanceambitionabsencesuitablebeneficialannoyed/annoyingNounAdjectiveclumsinessfirmnessnoisepsychologyencouragingclumsyfirmnoisypsychologicalencouragement1. How do you measure the length of a race round a racetrack? 2. How would you feel if someone kept talking when you were trying to read? 2 Answer each question by using a correct new word in this unit. lapannoyed 3. In what way can a teacher check if you have learned the new words by heart? 4. What do you call an item written in a diary or in a dictionary? 5. What kind of instrument does a doctor need to examine viruses in blood? dictationentrymicroscope6. How do you describe someone who is happy to meet new people? 7. What do you call students in the same year group and the same situation as you? 8. What do you call the behaviour of one student to others? outgoingfellowconduct3 Complete this passage using the words below. There was a time when children with mental disabilities were prevented from living a normal life _. They used to _ in their own homes after being educated in special in many wayssit aroundadapt to cut out in other words out of breath sit around in many waysmake fun of all in allschools. Other people sometimes _ them. But now things are changing. There are training programmes for young people with mental disabilities, which have proved very beneficial. Students like Xie Li, mentally disabled from birth, now have a chance to become athletes. But it is a challenge. She has to _ training programmes as well as mixing with other able-bodied athletes. make fun ofadapt to“Xie Lis confidence has grown,” said her father. “She looks much better and is not so often _ after her training. _ her mother and I are very happy with her progress.” So, instead of _ mainstream activities, mentally disabled students can become part of the mainstream. _ they can lead a more fulfilling life. In other wordsout of breathAll in all cutting outRevise the Infinitive Unit 1 Grammar1. It is good to help others. 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. 3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up. Identify its function.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想想一想4. I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. 6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. 7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am. (attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. 9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. 10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people. (adverbial)(adverbial)(object complement)动词不定式的作用动词不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive 1 主语主语 (subject) 2 表语表语 (predicative) 3 宾语宾语 (object) 4 宾补宾补 (object complement) 5 定语定语 (attribute) 6 状语状语 (adverbial) 7 独立结构独立结构 (absolute construction) 1 不定式作主语不定式作主语 (subject)To keep smiling is healthy for you.Its important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study English.单个不定式作主语时单个不定式作主语时, ,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。若不定式太长若不定式太长, ,往往用往往用itit作形式主语作形式主语, ,不不定式后置。定式后置。My job to protect the world.My ambition is to _.is2 不定式作表语不定式作表语 (predicative) Seeing is to believe. To see is believing. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 不定式常用在系动词不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语。等后作表语。All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do, 用作表语的不定式可省略用作表语的不定式可省略to。Yao Ming likes to play basketball.I find it still necessary (for him) to _ if he wants to win. 3 不定式作宾语不定式作宾语 (object)句型：句型：think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt,care, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, hate, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten,want, wish。 你记得哪一条路到那儿吗？你记得哪一条路到那儿吗？ Do you remember which way to get there? 下一步干什么你决定了吗下一步干什么你决定了吗? Have you decided what to do next? 我来问他怎么样开这机器。我来问他怎么样开这机器。 Ill ask him how to operate the machine.1) 不定式有时和连接代词不定式有时和连接代词/副词构成宾语。副词构成宾语。2) 有时不定式由有时不定式由whether引起。引起。 I didnt know whether to laugh or cry about it.3) feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider 等动词后如果是不定式做宾语，等动词后如果是不定式做宾语， 补语是形容词补语是形容词(间或是名词间或是名词)，常用，常用it作形作形 式宾语，把不定式后移。式宾语，把不定式后移。 I find it difficult to work with him.4 不定式作宾补不定式作宾补 (object complement)My mum asks me to play the piano two hours every day.The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.引导不定式作宾补的动词：引导不定式作宾补的动词：warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等+sb to do sth listen to hear watch 五看五看 see look at observe notice三使三使 let make have 二听二听一感觉一感觉: feel+ sb do sth（不带不带to）1. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.但当以上的动词用于被动式，但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：要还原：2. Mother made John wash the car for3. a week. John was made to wash the car for a week.3 不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时后时, 如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式, 那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to。1. She could do nothing but cry.2. I have no choice but to go.3. What do you like to do besides sleep.5 不定式作定语不定式作定语 (attribute)1. Kate is looking for a suitable coat to wear.2. Tom has a nice pen to write with.1. 不不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有三有三种关系：种关系：I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。他总是第一个来。 We all have a chance to go to college.我们都有上大学的机会。我们都有上大学的机会。(1) 动宾关系动宾关系(2)主谓关系主谓关系(3)同位关系同位关系2. 当名词被当名词被the first ,the last, the only等词以及形容词最高级修饰时等词以及形容词最高级修饰时eg: She is always the first to come and the last to leave.3. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。做后置定语。注意比较：注意比较：1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？你有什么东西要寄吗？2) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？ （不定式（不定式to send的动作执行者是的动作执行者是you）（不定式（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是的动作执行者是已被省略的已被省略的me 或或someone else）5. 如果不定式是不及物动词如果不定式是不及物动词, 则后面需则后面需 适当的介词。适当的介词。 Please pass me some paper to write _. on4. 也可用在也可用在have to do和和there be 句型中。句型中。 There is no one to take care of her. I have no jewelry to wear.I got up early to _.You came here to_.in order to, so as to,enough to,only to, too . tocatch the train 6 不定式作状语不定式作状语 (adverbial) 在一些短语中也有体现在一些短语中也有体现eg: He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.1. 表示目的表示目的: to in order to so as to so/ such as to do不定式作状语不定式作状语2. 表示原因表示原因: 不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语状语, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed等。等。eg: Im glad / pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news.so + adj. / adv. + as to dosuch + adj. + n. +as to doadj. / adv.+ enough + to dotoo + adv. / adj. +to do He was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a fool as to believe it. = He was foolish enough to believe it.3. 结果状结果状语语: :常与常与only , enough 或或too连用连用He studied hard only to fail the exam.To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.to be frank to be honestto tell the truth7 独立结构独立结构 (absolute construction) 8. 不定式的否定结构：不定式的否定结构：不定式的否定结构多由不定式的否定结构多由“not +不定式不定式”构成，构成， 否定副词否定副词 not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于等要置于to前。前。请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。Please tell your child not to play in the street.她检查名字为了不犯错误。她检查名字为了不犯错误。She checked the names so as not to make mistakes.动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态形形 式式 主主 动动 被被 动动一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进完成进行式行式to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have beendone(1) They pretended not to see us.(2) He pretended to be sleeping. (3) She pretended to have known it before.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎几乎/发发生在它之后。生在它之后。)(在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也不定式的动作也正在进行。正在进行。)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。)(4) Were happy to have been working with you. (完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续。继续。)He wanted to have met you at the airport, but he didnt get there in time.表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划hoped, promised, wanted, wished, expected, plannedHe would like to have played theviolin at the concert.不定式的完成式在不定式的完成式在would like后边表示后边表示未能实现的愿望。未能实现的愿望。 不定式的语态不定式的语态主动语态主动语态 to do 被动语态被动语态 to be doneIt is an honor for me to be invited to attend the meeting.Everyone likes the hero to be praised.We asked him to stay till the nextday, but he refused to.Are you a teacher? Yes, and I haveto be.What we want to do now is lie downand have a good rest.I didnt say anything but to make a gesture.省略省略to与省略与省略do1. prefer n. (doing) to n. (doing)2. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.3. would rather do4. would rather + 句子（虚拟语气）句子（虚拟语气）5. advise / allow/ permit/ forbid sb. to do advise / allow / permit/ forbid doing固定词组和句型固定词组和句型 The question is very difficult to answer. The problem is difficult to deal with.1. 主语主语be +adj. +to do 能用于此句型的形容词有能用于此句型的形容词有: difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome(使人疲劳的使人疲劳的), interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc.主动形式表被动意义的不定式主动形式表被动意义的不定式1. Last summer I took a course on _. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made课堂练兵课堂练兵2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects3. There are five pairs_, but I am at a loss which to buy. A to be chosen B to choose from C to choose D for choosing4. I find these problems are easy _. A. to be worked out B. to work them out C. to work out D. to be worked them out5. _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept6. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone7. John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing8. Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to9. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating1. _ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour. (2006 广东卷广东卷) A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making2. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) _ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. (2007 重庆卷重庆卷) A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C. had said to buy D. has said to have bought3. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. (2008 全国卷全国卷) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed4. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. (2008 北京卷北京卷) A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding5. David threatened _ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. (2009 上海卷上海卷) A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported6. With the world changing fast, we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day. (2009 重庆卷重庆卷) A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing7. The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom. (2009 全国卷全国卷I) A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at8. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad. (2010 全国全国I卷卷) A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought9. There were many talented actors out there just waiting _. (2010 江西卷江西卷) A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D .being discovered10. We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition. (2010 辽宁卷辽宁卷) A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found11. I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. (2010 山东卷山东卷) A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed12. In many peoples opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant _. (2010 四川卷四川卷) A. to deal with B. dealing with C. to be dealt with D. dealt with1 爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2 据说他已经完成了他的工作。据说他已经完成了他的工作。He is said _.3 根据报道他们已安全到达。根据报道他们已安全到达。They are reported _.To love and to be lovedto have finished/completedhis work翻译下面的句子。翻译下面的句子。to have arrived safely4 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。I want this bike _.5 玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。Mary seemed _.6 众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚 金牌。金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympics.to be repaired at onceto have been told about itto have been given/immediatelyI want to tell you something .Make up a short passage using the infinitive as much as possible. The beginning of the passage is given below.For exampleHi, I want to tell you something. I will goto Ruian for shopping this afternoon. Do you want to go with me? First, Id like to go to Kaitai Store. But to be frank, most of time I am there only to do some window shopping, because everything is expensive. Then, I plan to go to HongQiaoRoad to buy some clothes. I like to try the new fashion style of this season. By the way, do you know anything to entertain us?If so, I cant wait to have a try! Why not come and join me? 动词不定式的作用动词不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive 1 主语主语 (subject) 2 表语表语 (predicative) 3 宾语宾语 (object) 4 宾补宾补 (object complement) 5 定语定语 (attribute) 6 状语状语 (adverbial) 7 独立结构独立结构 (absolute construction)