Present perfect tense 现在完成时现在完成时构成:用法一：表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果.现在完成时这一时态强调是过去动作与现在的联系,也就是强调现在的强调现在的影响和结果影响和结果. .have/has + 过去分词Adverbs of time before, by now (so far), once, twice, just, recently yet(否否/疑疑), already(肯肯), ever, never, all ones life , in /during the past /last 5 years, Exercises1. I _(have) lunch already.2. _ the train_ (arrive), yet?3.Tome _ never_ (be ) to China.4. The twin _just _(see) my father.5. The twins _(see) my father just now.6. Many tallbuildings_(build) in the past 5 years.have hadarrivedhasbeenhasseensawhave been builtHas用法二用法二： for+一一段时间段时间 since+时间点时间点 since+句子（一般过去时）句子（一般过去时）E.g. Kate has lived here for 3 years. Kate has lived here since 3 years ago. Kate has lived here since she came to China.表示过去某个时间开始的动作表示过去某个时间开始的动作或存在的状态，或存在的状态，一直持续到现一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去在并可能还将持续下去。动词。动词使用使用延续性动词延续性动词。常与。常与forfor或或sincesince引导的时间连用引导的时间连用常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变arrive/come/go to die become a borrowleave/ move buy openjoin start/begin finish/ endcatch a cold get up get to know get out close wake upgo to sleepbecome interested in be in be deadhavekeepbe away / be out be abe in/a member ofbe openbe onbe overhave a coldbe upknowbe outbe closedbe awakebe asleep/ sleepbe interested inExercises His grandfather has died. (for 2 years)The football match has begun.(since9:00a.m)The twins have joined the army. (since they are 18years old)My teacher has just left Nanjing. (for 3 days)His father has been dead for 2 years.The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.The twins have been soldiers/ been in the army since they are 18years old. My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 dayshave/has gone tohave/has been to have/has been inhave/has gone to:已经去了已经去了某地或人还在某地或人还在途中途中，人人还没有返回还没有返回；have/has been to:曾经去过曾经去过某地，现在某地，现在已经回已经回来了来了,后面可接表示后面可接表示“次数次数”的状语的状语; have/has been in:表示某人表示某人“已在某地停留一已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带，其后常带表示一段时间表示一段时间的状语。的状语。 Exercises Tom 在哪儿？ 他去书店买书了。我在北京待了5年了。Jack 去过上海两次了-Where is Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.I have been in Beijing for 5 years.Jack has been to Shanghai twice.Correcting 1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months.2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18.3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold? have kepthas been in/ been a member of the armysince 5 years ago/ for 5 yearscame didcatch6. Ten years have passed since they got married.7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.8.What time have the factory opened?9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twicehashas been indidopenbeen to