Module 1British and American EnglishAstudentislearningtospeakBritishEnglish.Hewonders1:CanIcommunicate2withAmericans?Cantheyunderstandme?LearnersofEnglishoftenask:WhatarethedifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish?Howimportantarethesedifferences?Certainly,therearesomedifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish.Thereareafewdifferencesingrammar.Forexample,speakersofBritishEnglishsay“inhospital”and“Haveyougotapen?”,whileAmericanssay“inthehospital”and“Doyouhaveapen?”.Pronunciationissometimesdifferent.Americansusuallysoundthe“r”inthewordslike“bird”and“hurt”.SpeakersofBritishEnglishdonotsoundthe“r”inthesewords.TherearedifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglishinspellingandvocabulary.Forexample,“colour”and“honour”areBritish,“color”and“honor3”areAmerican.Thesedifferencesingrammar,pronunciation,spellingandvocabularyarenotimportant,however.Forthemostpart,BritishandAmericanEnglisharethesamelanguage.单词注释1.wondervt.感到疑惑;纳闷;想弄明白2.communicatevi.沟通;联系;交流3.honorn.尊敬;敬意难句剖析Forexample,speakersofBritishEnglishsay“inhospital”and“Haveyougotapen?”,whileAmericanssay“inthehospital”and“Doyouhaveapen?”.剖析:while是连词,表示对比,意为“却;但是;然而”。句意:例如,英国人说“inhospital”和“Haveyougotapen?”,而美国人却说“inthehospital”和“Doyouhaveapen?”。导读诱思1.WhatmightastudentlearningtospeakAmericanEnglishbeafraidof?2.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?答案:1.HemightnotcommunicatewithAmericans.2.ThedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.Section Introduction,Reading & Vocabulary一二三四一、看图片,完成下列练习请你说出图片中物品的中文名称并写出这些物品在英式英语和美式英语中不同的表达形式答案:1)卡车2)糖果3)电梯4)行李5)truck6)sweet7)lift8)luggage一二三四二、短语互译A.温故:从文中找出下列短语并写出它们的汉语意思1.hundredsof2.bedifferentfrom3.afterall4.besimilarto5.aswellas一二三四B.知新:从文中找出与下列释义对应的英文1.有相同的特点2.有影响,使不相同3.用填满4.四处走动(旅行)5.把A和B作比较6.做某事有困难7.轻轻一按,轻轻一弹8.引起;导致答案:A.1.成百上千2.与不同;不同于3.毕竟;终究4.与相似5.也;又B.1.have.incommon2.makeadifference3.fillupwith4.getaround5.compareAwithB6.havedifficulty(in)doingsth.7.attheflickof8.leadto一二三四三、阅读课文,选择正确答案1.ThefirstandmostobviousdifferencebetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishisinthe.A.spelling B.vocabularyC.grammarD.pronunciation2.WhichstatementistrueaccordingtoParagraph4?A.BritishEnglishspellingseemsalittlesimplerthanAmericanEnglishspelling.B.GeorgeBernardShawfocusedonthedifferencesbetweenthetwovarieties.C.ALondonerhaslessdifficultyunderstandingaScotsmanthanunderstandingaNewYorker.D.OnlyafewfactorshaveinfluencedAmericanpronunciationforabout400years.一二三四3.Whatmakesthetwovarietiesmoveclosertogether?A.Thatthetwonationsarebecomingmoreandmorefriendly.B.AmericanwordsandstructurespassingintoBritishEnglish.C.Steadyandcontinuouscommunicationsbetweenthetwonations.D.Thatscientistshavemadecommunicationseasierandeasier.4.WhatsthewritersattitudetowardsthedifferencesbetweenAmericanandBritishEnglish?A.Itissurprisingthatthesamelanguagehassuchgreatdifferences.B.Peoplecanundoubtfullyunderstandeachotherinthesamenation.C.Differenceswithinalanguagearequitenormalinthesamenation.D.Someexpertsbegintoworryaboutthedifferenceslittlebylittle.一二三四5.Thepassageismainlyabout.A.thewidelyusedgloballanguageEnglishB.howBritishandAmericanEnglishgetcloserC.afewdifferencesbetweenthetwovarietiesD.thelanguagedifficultiesbetweentwonations答案:15BBCCC一二三四四、课文语法填空BritishandAmericanEnglishdifferinmanyways.Thedifferenceinvocabularyisthemostobvious.Sometimes,thesamewordhasa1.(slight)differentmeaning,whichcanbe2.(confuse).Thereareafewdifferencesingrammar,too.TheBritishuseprepositionswhereAmericanssometimesomitthem.Theothertwoareasin3.thetwovarietiesdifferarespellingandpronunciation.Americanspelling4.(seem)simpler,andmanyfactors5.(influence)Americanpronunciationsincethefirstsettlersarrivedthere.Althoughtherearesomanydifferences,someexpertsbelievethatthetwovarietiesaremovingtogether.CommunicationsacrosstheAtlantichavedeveloped6.(steady)foroveracentury.一二三四Theexpertsthinkthisnon-stopcommunicationhasmadeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericans7.(understand)eachother.Butithasalsoled8.lotsofAmericanwordsandstructures9.(pass)intoBritishEnglish,sothatsomepeoplenowbelievethatBritishEnglishwilldisappear.Therearegoingtobemany“Englishes”withtheinternationaldimension.ButthemostimportantthingisthatusersofEnglishwillallbeabletounderstandeachother,10.theyare.答案:1.slightly2.confusing3.which4.seems5.haveinfluenced6.steadily7.tounderstand8.to9.passing10.wherever123456781.We have really everything in common with America nowadays,except of course,language.当然,除了语言外,如今我们确实在所有方面都和美国一样。考点:have.incommon有相同的特点【高考典句】(2013广东高考)Itseemsthatnumbersenseissomethingwehaveincommonwithmanyanimalsinthisworld.看来,数感是我们与这个世界的许多动物的共同点。123456781)阅读下列句子,体会与common相关的短语的搭配与意义IncommonwithmostAmericanpeople,heenjoysfootball.与大多数美国人一样,他喜欢足球。搭配:incommonwith意义:与一样Themanwhoownssomecommonsensewillnotbelievethisstory.有点常识的人就不会相信这个故事。搭配:commonsense意义:常识123456782)辨析:common/ordinary/usual/normal/regularcommon普通的;常见的;共同的ordinary平凡的;普通的;一般的;平庸的;平淡无奇的usual通常的,习惯的(强调惯常性)normal正常的;符合某种标准的regular有规律的,规则的;频繁的;经常做(或发生)的Wehavecommontopicstotalkabout.我们有共同的话题可谈。Thisisapieceofordinarymusic.这是一首普通的乐曲。Thenormaltemperatureofthehumanbodyisabout37degreescentigrade.人体正常的温度大约是37摄氏度。12345678Thereisaregularbusservicetotheairport.有班车定时发往机场。Hecamehomelaterthanusual.他回家比平时晚了些。12345678123456782.It doesnt make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.老师说英式英语还是美式英语并无太大的影响。考点:makeadifference有影响,起作用;使不同Onefalsestepwillmakeagreatdifference.差之毫厘,谬以千里。12345678考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,体会makeadifference的意义Asteachers,youmustbelievethatyoucanmakeadifferencetothelivesofyourstudents.作为教师,你们必须坚信你们能够影响学生们的一生。意义:有影响,起作用Westruggletomakeadifference,tochangetheworldandtodreamofhope.我们努力想要有所不同,改变世界,梦想希望。意义:使不同123456782)阅读下列句子,体会由difference组成的其他短语的意义Theflowersmakeallthedifferencetotheroom.这些花使房间完全改观了。意义:使完全不同,使完全改观Whetheritrainsornotmakesnodifferencetome.Iwillgotoschoolasusual.下不下雨对我来说都一样。我要像往常一样去上学。意义:没有影响12345678归纳:对人或事的影响的大小,主要借助于difference前的修饰词来表达。makesomedifferenceto对有些关系/影响makemuchdifferenceto对有很大的关系/影响makeallthedifferenceto对关系重大;使大不相同makenodifferenceto对没有关系/影响12345678123456783.The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary.首先也是最明显的就是在词汇方面的区别。考点:obviousadj.明显的;显而易见的Allgreattruthsareobvioustruths.Butnotallobvioustruthsaregreattruths.伟大的真理都是明摆着的事实,但并不是所有显而易见的事实都是伟大的真理。12345678考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,体会obviously的词性和含义Wemusthelphimhesobviouslyintrouble.我们必须帮助他他显然是有困难。词性:副词含义:明显地,显然地2)在Itisobviousthat.句型中,it为形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语。Itisobviousthatmobilephonesarequitepopularnowadays.手机现在很流行,这是显而易见的。12345678123456784.Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning,which can be confusing.有时候同一个单词的含义有微小的差别,这可能会让人感到困惑。考点:confusingadj.令人困惑的ButIalsowanttotellyouthatwhatIamabouttosaywillbeconfusing.但是我还是要告诉你们,我接下来要说的话会令人困惑。12345678考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的词性和含义PleasedontconfuseAustraliawithAustria.请别把澳大利亚和奥地利混淆了。词性:动词含义:使混乱,使困惑Theinstructionsontheboxareveryconfusing.盒子上的使用说明含糊不清。词性:形容词含义:令人困惑的【高考典句】(2014课标全国卷)Withitsfocusdivided,thelionbecomesconfusedandisunsureaboutwhattodonext.因为注意力被分散了,狮子变得迷惑不解,不能确定下一步做什么。词性:形容词含义:困惑的,混乱的12345678Theoldwomanlookedathiminconfusion.老妇人用迷茫的目光打量着他。词性:名词含义:混淆,混乱,困惑2)由confuse及相关词构成的短语confuseAwith/andB把A和B混淆了get/beconfusedby对感到困惑inconfusion在混乱中IalwaysconfuseJohnwithhisbrother;theyareverymuchalike.我总是分不清约翰和他的哥哥,他们长得太像了。Iamstillconfusedbythedecision.我对于这项决定仍然感到困惑。Whentheearthquakeoccurred,everythingwasinconfusion.发生地震时,一切都乱成了一团。123456783)辨析:confusing/confusedconfusing为动词-ing形式的形容词,多用来说明中心词或主语本身的特征。123456785.Prepositions,too,can be different: compare on the team,on the weekend (American) with in the team,at the weekend (British).介词的用法也有所不同:比较一下on the team,on the weekend(美式用法)和in the team,at the weekend(英式用法)。考点:comparevt.比较;对照Ifyoucompareherworkwithhis,youllfindhersismuchbetter.要是把她的工作和他的比较一下,你就会发现她的要好得多。12345678考点延伸阅读下列句子,体会compare构成的短语的意义Theteacherhaduscompareouranswerswithhers.老师要我们和她对一下答案。搭配:compare.with.意义:把和相比Shakespearecomparedtheworldtoastage.莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。搭配:compare.to.意义:把比作Thelandscapehereisbeyondcompare.这儿的风景无与伦比。搭配:beyondcompare意义:无与伦比12345678Weshouldgettogetherandcomparenotes.我们应该聚在一起,交换一下意见。搭配:comparenotes(withsb.)意义:(和某人)交换意见123456782)Recentlyasurvey(compare)pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.3)Michaelsnewhouseislikeahugepalace,(compare)withhisoldone.句型转换如果你比较一下这两本书,你会发现这一本好一些。Comparingthetwobooks,youwillseethatthisoneisbetter.4)youthetwobooks,youwillseethatthisoneisbetter.5)thetwobooks,youwillseethatthisoneisbetter.答案:1)compared2)comparing3)compared4)If;compare5)Compare;and123456786.The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.两种(英语)的另外两个区别在于拼写和发音。考点一:varietyn.品种,种类;变化,多样化Idontliketoalwayseatthesamefood.Ilikevariety.我不喜欢老吃同样的东西。我喜欢变变花样。12345678考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的词性和含义Cherriesvaryincolourfromalmostblacktoyellow.樱桃的颜色由近乎黑到黄各不相同。词性:不及物动词含义:改变,使多样化;变化,不同Ididthatforvariousreasons.由于种种原因我才那样做的。词性:形容词含义:不同的,各种各样的;多方面的123456782)阅读下列句子,体会variety和vary构成的短语的意义Makesureyouchooseavarietyofbookssothatyoucanlearnsomenewvocabularyeachtime.你们务必选择各种各样的书,以便每一次都可以学到一些新的词汇。搭配:avarietyof/varietiesof意义:各种各样的,形形色色的Everyonestemperaturevarieswiththetimesoftheday.每个人的体温都会随着一天时间的不同而变化。搭配:varywith意义:随而变化Officehoursvaryfromcompanytocompany.各公司的办公时间有所不同。搭配:varyfrom.to.意义:在到之间变化12345678考点二:differvi.不同,相异;意见分歧【高考典句】(2013江苏高考)HowdoTwainsnovelsonslaverydifferfromStowes?马克吐温关于奴隶的小说与斯多夫的有什么不同?12345678考点延伸阅读下列句子,体会differ构成的短语的搭配和意义Thesetwobooksdifferincolouroneisredandtheotherisblue.这两本书颜色不同一本是红的,另一本是蓝的。搭配:differin意义:在不同Idifferwithhimonhowtosolvetheproblem.对于如何解决这个问题,我跟他的意见不一致。搭配:differwith意义:不同意,与观点不同Icannotseewheretheydifferfromeachother:tometheylookexactlyalike.我看不出他们彼此有什么不同,在我看来,他们确实很相像。搭配:differfrom意义:与不同12345678123456787.A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。考点:havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困难【高考典句】(2013辽宁高考)Americanshaddifficultyinlearningtousethewordbug.美国人在学习使用单词bug上有困难。12345678考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,体会difficulty构成的短语的搭配和意义Withgreatdifficulty,heclimbedintotheshopwindowtogetthedress.费了好大劲儿,他爬进橱窗去取那件连衣裙。搭配:withdifficulty意义:困难地,艰难地Whenyouareindifficulty,youmayaskherforhelp.你有困难时,可以找她帮忙。搭配:indifficulty意义:处于困境中,有困难Tellmeifyougetintodifficulty.如果你遇到困难请告诉我。搭配:getintodifficulty意义:陷入困境123456782)当difficulty为先行词时,其后由定语从句修饰,(in)后仍然用动词-ing形式作宾语Youcantimaginethedifficultyhehadjumpingintothecoldriverandsavingthedrowninggirl.你难以想象他跳进冰冷的河里去救溺水的女孩是多么困难。12345678123456788.But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English,so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.但是这也导致大量的美式英语的单词和结构传入英式英语,以至于现在有些人认为英式英语将要消失。考点:leadto引起,导致,通向AllroadsleadtoRome.条条大路通罗马。12345678考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,体会lead构成的短语的搭配和意义Smokingcanleadtolungcancer.吸烟可能导致肺癌。搭配:leadto意义:引起,导致Wetrustthesewillinterestyouandleadyoutogiveusorder.我们相信你会对这些感兴趣,并向我们订购。搭配:leadsb.todosth.意义:引导某人做某事Thoughhavingnomoney,heledahappylife.虽然没有钱,他却过得很快乐。搭配:leadahappylife意义:过着愉快的生活12345678Harrywasintheleadfromthebeginningoftherace.比赛一开始哈里就跑在前面。搭配:inthelead意义:带头,领先,处于领先地位Chinaplayedattackingfootball,andtheytooktheleadinthefirsthalf.中国队踢进攻球,上半场领先。搭配:takethelead意义:夺得领先地位2)leadto中的to为介词,后跟名词或动词-ing形式作宾语。Thediscoveryofnewevidenceleadstothethiefbeingcaught.新证据的发现导致了小偷被抓。12345678