病理生理学Pathophysiology山东大学医学院病理生理学教研室Stillwatersrundeep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深Wherethereislife,thereishope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望IntroductionPathophysiology:Theologyistostudythemechanismsoftheoccurrence,developmentandoutcomeofthediseasesPathologicalanatomyPathologyPathophysiologyThealterationfunctionPathophysiologyinprocessofmetabolismdiseasestructurePathologicalanatomyforexample:bronchialalveolaredemastructurecongestionlobarpneumoniafunctionhypoventilation,metabolismdiffusionimpairmenthypoxia,acidosis,shockThetask,positionandcontentofpathophysiologyThemethodsofinvestigationThehistoryIntroductionofdisease.conceptofdiseasecausesdisturbancesabnormalconditionsofhomeostasislifeprocess.causesandconditionsofdiseasecause(etiology):condition:inducingfactor(precipitatingfactor):forexamplepneumococcalpneumoniacause(etiology):pneumococcuscondition:cold,tiredpulmonarytuberculosiscause:tubercularbacilluscondition:worry,malnutrition.pathogenesisofdiseaseItstudieshowtheetiologycancausethediseaseinthebody.1.Thegeneralruleofpathogenesisindiseasedamageandanti-damagedamage:defenceanti-damageadaptationcompensationforexample:foodpoisoningtoxinvomiting,diarrhea(damage)(anti-damage)trauma:Thedualnatureofresponseofanti-damage:reverseofcause-resultreversecauseresultcauseresultforexample:foodtoxicationdiarrheadehydrationlowbloodvolumeacidosisshockpartandwhole2.Thebasicpathogenesis nervousmechanisminjuryofnervoussystemcausediseasedisturbanceofthefunctioninjury:epidemicmeningitis,cephalitis,poliomyelitisfunctionalhypertension,disturbance:hepaticencephalopathyhumoralmechanismpathogenicalterationofthevolumeandagentactivityofhumoralfactorsdisturbanceofthehomeostasisdiseasehormonehumoralgeneralhumoralfactorfactorlocalhumoralfactorcellularfactortheactingendocrineparacrinemannerofhumoralfactor:autocrinecellularmechanismcausedamageofcellsdiseasemitochondriacauselysosomeforexample:injuryofcellmembranecellularedemafreeinjuryofmitochondriaATPradicalinjuryoflysosomeautolysisMolecularmechanismcauseeffectofthenucleicacid,proteinandenzymedisease图1 1 正常大鼠主正常大鼠主动脉内皮脉内皮细胞胞铺片片ETET阴性阴性400400图图2 2 高脂血症大鼠主动脉内皮细胞铺片高脂血症大鼠主动脉内皮细胞铺片ETET阳性阳性400400例：免疫组织化学实验技术测定细胞中内皮素（例：免疫组织化学实验技术测定细胞中内皮素（ETET）表达表达例：高糖大鼠外周血白细胞例：高糖大鼠外周血白细胞iNOS-mRNA表达的变化表达的变化N:正常大鼠外周血白细胞原位杂交片正常大鼠外周血白细胞原位杂交片(1000);A:高糖饮水高糖饮水2个月外周血白细胞原位杂交片个月外周血白细胞原位杂交片(1000);B:高糖饮水高糖饮水4个月外周血白细胞原位杂交片个月外周血白细胞原位杂交片(1000);C:高糖饮水高糖饮水6个月外周血白细胞原位杂交片个月外周血白细胞原位杂交片(1000);(胞浆内深蓝着色为胞浆内深蓝着色为iNOS-mRNA阳性杂交信号，核固红复染。阳性杂交信号，核固红复染。).Outcomeofdiseasecomplete1.recoveryincomplete2.deathconceptofbraindeathdeathofirreversiblecomastandardofcerebrumappearanceoflinerEEGbraindeath(electroencephalogram)deathofdilatedpupilbrain-stemstopofrespirationabsentofnervousreflexThankyou