辨别辨别one,theone,ones,theones,it,that,thoseone/ones用来代替可数名词, 表泛指表泛指theone/theones/that/those表特指表特指that指上文所提到的事指上文所提到的事it指上文所提到的物（本身）指上文所提到的物（本身） I have a bike. Do you have ? I have two pens, a red and a blue . Which one? in the white car. 当one和ones被定语修饰，表示特指时，前面用定冠词。 These new English books are different from the old . Which windows? in the classroom. one前面可以加this或that。构成this one和that one，而ones前面不能用these或those，但当ones前面有形容词修饰时，可以用these或those。如： This apple is red, but that one is yellow。 These white coats are Li Pings and those blue ones are Li Dongs. oneoneoneThe one onesThe ones替代词替代词one,ones,that,those,it,this,that1)one,ones,that,thosethat替替换换单单数数可可数数名名词词或或不不可可数数名名词词；one只只替换替换单数的可数名词单数的可数名词。Eg:Thevaseontheleftismorebeautifulthan_ontheright.ThecoffeeproducedinBrazilismorefamousthan_inMexico.the onethatthat只用于替换表示只用于替换表示事物事物的名的名词，词，而而one/ones替换表示替换表示人人和和表示表示事物事物的名词皆可。的名词皆可。Eg:Hisyoungersisteristallerthantheelder_.Ineedtheplasticbags,notthepaper_.oneonesthat/those一一般般不不带带前前置置定定语语，但但必必须须有有后后置置定定语语。one/ones都都可可。当当替替换换词词的的后后置置定定语语用用所所有有格格的的of短短语语或或当当替替换换词词被被所所有有格格修修饰饰时时，不不用用one/ones而而用用thatof/thoseof.Eg:Ilikethevasebetterthan_inanothershop.Thewindowsofyourflatarecleanerthan_ofmine.A grandparents job is easier than_of aparent.ThecomputersinourschoolareconnectedtotheInternetwhile_intheirschoolarent.theone/thatthosethatthosethat/those用用于于替替换换有有定定冠冠词词的的名名词词；one/ones用用于替换有不定冠词的名词。于替换有不定冠词的名词。Eg:Thestyleofthebuildingissimilarto_ofatemple.ACDplayermadeinJapancostsmorethan_madeinChina.thatone1.Ipreferredrosestowhite.2.Acakemadeofwheatischeaperthanmadeofrice.3.Thecostofwheatislessthanofrice.4.Thehousesofthericharegenerallylargerthanofthepoor.5.ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthanofJapan.6.Thestudentsinourclassaremuchclevererthanintheirclass.7.Thepenmyfatherboughtformeischeaperthanofmyclassmates. onesonethatthose(=thehouses)that(=thepopulation)those(=thestudents)those(=thepens)1.AscientistwhospeaksandwritesEnglishisinclosertouchwiththescientistinothercountriesthan_whodoesnt.A.oneB.thoseC./D.that2.3.2.TheEnglishspokenintheUnitedStatesisonlyslightlydifferentfrom_spokeninEngland.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.theone 2)it,this和和that都可以替代前文已提到的事或情况，细微差别在于都可以替代前文已提到的事或情况，细微差别在于it不如其余两者那么强调。不如其余两者那么强调。Eg:Soshedecidedtopaintthedoorpink._upsettheneighboursabit.Soshedecidedtopaintthehousepink._reallyupsettheneighbours.ItThat当前面提到的事物不止一件时，当前面提到的事物不止一件时，it通常指最先提到通常指最先提到的事物，而的事物，而this/that是指最后提到的事物。是指最后提到的事物。Eg:Wekeeptheicecreammachineinthespareroom._ismainlyusedbythechildren.(指指themachine)Wekeeptheicecreammachineinthespareroom._is mainlyused by the children. (指指thespareroom)ItThis/ThatThis可可以以出出现现在在它它所所指指代代的的事事物物之之前前；而而that则则指上文所提到的事物。指上文所提到的事物。Eg:Listento_!Wewillhavethreedaysoff.“Apennysavedisapennyearned.”Whosaid_?thisthatEg:IboughtadictionarythreeyearsagoandIamstillusing_now.I bought a dictionary three years ago but I amgoingtobuyanew_soon.It用用以以指指特特定定的的前前面面提提到到过过的的事事物物，即即：it和和它它替替换换的的是是同同一一个个事事物物，it前前无无修修饰饰语语；而而one用用于于替替换换与与前前提提事事物物有有共共同同之之处处但但并并不不完完全全一一样样的的事事物物，因因此此，one之之前前或或之之后后一一定定有有修修饰饰语来加以区别。语来加以区别。3)It和和oneitoneIt引起的几个易混淆的时间句型引起的几个易混淆的时间句型It+be+时间时间+sinceclause这个句型表示从这个句型表示从since从从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意为意为“自从自从.以来已多久了以来已多久了”Itisthreeyearssincehisfatherpassedaway.It+be+时间时间+beforeclause这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语 (如：如：a a longtime,months,weeks,days,hours,minutes)，主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为“过多过多长时间才长时间才.”。主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意。主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为为“没过多长时间就没过多长时间就.”。主句的时态可用过去。主句的时态可用过去时时was或将来时或将来时willbe；用；用was时，时，before从句的动词从句的动词用一般过去时；用用一般过去时；用willbe时，时，before从句常用一般现从句常用一般现在时。在时。她没过多久就背会了那些诗歌。她没过多久就背会了那些诗歌。Itwas_shelearnedthosepoemsbyheart.过了很久警察才来。过了很久警察才来。Itwas_thepolicearrived.要过好几个小时他才会作出决定。要过好几个小时他才会作出决定。It_hoursbeforehemakesadecision.要不了几个小时我们还会再见面的。要不了几个小时我们还会再见面的。_beforemeetagain.notlongbeforelongbeforewillbeItwillnotbehours3.It+be+时间时间+whenclause这个句型中这个句型中,it指时间，而且表示时间的词语指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间时间一般为具体时间)。主句中的。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，主句是一致的，主句是willbe，when从句用一般现从句用一般现在时代替将来时。在时代替将来时。Itwasalready8oclockwhenwegothome.Itwasthenextmorningwhenwefinishedourwork.Itwillbemidnightwhentheygetthere.It+be+时间时间+thatclause这个句型是个强调这个句型是个强调句型。例如：句型。例如：Itwastwoyearsagothathemadeanimportantinvention.(原句是：原句是：_)Itwasat5oclockthathepractisedplayingtheviolininthemorning.(原句是：原句是：_)比较：比较：Itwas5oclockwhenhestartedinthemorning.(5oclock前没有介词，这是个定语从前没有介词，这是个定语从句句)Hemadeanimportantinventiontwoyearsago.Hepractisedplayingtheviolinat5oclockinthemorning.It+be+time+thatclause这个句型属虚拟语气结构，不管主句中用的是这个句型属虚拟语气结构，不管主句中用的是is或或was，that从句都须用动词的过去式或从句都须用动词的过去式或should+动词原型动词原型(但不及用过去式普通但不及用过去式普通)，在，在time之前有时可加上之前有时可加上high或或about以加强语气以加强语气。例如：例如：Itistime(that)wehandedinourexercises.(=Itistimethatweshouldhandinourexercises.)Itishightime(that)shewrotealettertoherboyfriend.It/This/That+thefirst(second,third)time+thatclause这个句型表示截止到说话时为止的某人的一种这个句型表示截止到说话时为止的某人的一种经历，关键是注意经历，关键是注意time前有序数词，主句是前有序数词，主句是is时时，从句要用现在完成时；如果主句用一般过，从句要用现在完成时；如果主句用一般过去时去时was，则从句须相应地用过去完成时。则从句须相应地用过去完成时。例如：例如：Thisisthefirsttime(that)theseEuropeans_theGreatWall.Itwasthefifthtime(that)I_afriendlyvisittoAfrica.hadpaidhavevisitedThere起始的句型归纳：起始的句型归纳：1）therelive/stand/lie/existTherelayaditchtwometreswideahead.2)Therecome/go/appear/occur/follow用用于于描述某事的发生或某个动作的开始。描述某事的发生或某个动作的开始。Eg: There will follow a break of 10 minutesandthenwewillgoonwiththelecture.3)Therebeing（独立主格结构）独立主格结构）Eg:Therebeingnothingleftinthefridge,wehadtodosomeshoppingfirst.4) there to be结结构构常常见见于于动动词词intend,mean,consider,hate,want等词后。等词后。Eg:Noonewouldexpecttheretobeawarinhiscountry.I dont want there to be anotheraccidentlikethis.结结构构：It+动动词词be+强强调调部部分分+who(whom)/that+其其他部分他部分it可以用来对句子的某一成分加以强调。可以用来对句子的某一成分加以强调。It用于强调句用于强调句Eg:NancysawyoursisterinTokyolastweek.ItwasNancywhosawyoursisterinTokyolastweek.Itwasyour sisterwhomNancysawinTokyolastweek.Itwasin TokyothatNancysawyoursisterlastweek.Itwas last week thatNancysawyoursisterinTokyo.有些否定句也可以改成这种强调结构：有些否定句也可以改成这种强调结构：ItwasntuntillastsummerthatIheardfromher.Ididntdoallthisformyself.ItwasntformyselfthatIdidallthis.问句也可变成这种结构：问句也可变成这种结构：Whocalledhim“comrade”?Whowasitthatcalledhim“comrade”?Howdidyouforgettolockthedoor?Howwasitthatyouforgottolockthedoor?Ex:把下列句子改为强调句：把下列句子改为强调句：1.Tombrokethewindowlastnight.2.Theywantmoney.3.Petersawhis friendin the parkyesterday.4.Ididnthaveanopportunityofseeingheragainforseveral years.5.WhydoeseveryonethinkImnarrowminded?6.Ididntreceivemyletteruntilyesterday?7.DidDickcallthemeetinglastweek?8.Didithappenin 1980?1.Tomsmotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but_didnthelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it1.As_happens,Ihavebroughtmyumbrellawithme.A.itB.thisC.thatD.such3._hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.This4.Itwassevenfortyfive_hefinishedthework.A.whenB.thatC.whenD.beforeDAAA5.Wasitbecauseitsnowedlastnight_hedidntcome?A.whyB.thatC.whenD.which6.Does_matterifhecantfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it7.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,making_themostpopularsportintheworld.A.whichB.thisC.thatD.it8._isnodoubtthathewillsucceedinhisexperiment.A.ItB.ThisC.ThatD.ThereBDDD9.Itworriedabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for10.Itwasnot_shetookoffherdarkglassesIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;thenBB