欢迎来到英语课堂欢迎来到英语课堂类别课程目程目标要求掌握的要求掌握的项目目话题Deep South and finding out about a heroic journey词汇explorer, annual, state, extreme, trap, mass, balance, treaty, jewel, emergency, snap, fragile, obscure, commercial, promote, intense, severe, abnormal, absence, depressing, conventional, privilege, befriend, reliability, intimate, inhabit, inspirationadapt to, set foot on, in case of, cut.in/into, keep ones promise, keep up ones spirits, on earth, come into sight, break up, come up with功能功能 Make introductions and suggestions语法法1.Review of subjects2.Review of verbs1explore1)vt. 探索；探索；调查研究；勘探；考察；在研究；勘探；考察；在探探险We must explore all the possibilities for the solution to the problem.我我们必必须探探讨解决解决这个个问题的所有可能性。的所有可能性。Tricycles are worth using if you want to explore the narrow alleys (小巷，胡同小巷，胡同) of old Beijing.如如果果想想去去老老北北京京的的胡胡同同探探秘秘，三三轮脚脚踏踏车绝对是是值得得一一坐的。坐的。2)vi. 探索；勘探；考察；探探索；勘探；考察；探险explore for oil 勘探石油勘探石油The children have gone exploring in the woods.孩子孩子们去林中探去林中探险了。了。知识拓展知识拓展1)explorer n探索者；勘探者；探险者探索者；勘探者；探险者His father is an Arctic explorer.他的爸爸是个北极探险家。他的爸爸是个北极探险家。2)exploration n. 探索；勘探探索；勘探即学即用即学即用完成句子完成句子He tried his best _(在在他他对对该该国国进进行行探探索考察的过程中索考察的过程中)答案：答案：in the course of his explorations of the country2annual adj.每年的；年度的每年的；年度的nC年鉴；年刊年鉴；年刊He helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.他帮助捕他帮助捕鲸队捕捉季捕捉季节性迁徙途中的性迁徙途中的须鲸。With annual rainfall close to zero, Antarctica is technically a desert.南极洲的年降雨量接近于零，是一个不折不扣的沙漠。南极洲的年降雨量接近于零，是一个不折不扣的沙漠。annual income 年收入年收入知识拓展知识拓展annually adv. 每年每年anniversary n. 周年纪念日；周年纪念周年纪念日；周年纪念3state vt. 陈陈述述；说说明明；n. 国国家家；(美美国国的的)州州；政政府府；状态；状况状态；状况The witness stated that he had never seen the man before.证人人说他以前从未他以前从未见过该男子。男子。All the industry is owned by the state.全部工全部工业都都归国家所有。国家所有。He is in a poor state of health.他的健康状况不好。他的健康状况不好。知识拓展知识拓展in a state of./in a . State处于处于状态状态staterun adj.国营的国营的statesman n. 政治家政治家statement n. 声明；陈述声明；陈述stateowned adj.国有的国有的be in / get into a state兴奋；紧张兴奋；紧张词语辨析词语辨析country, nation, state, landcountry侧重重指指版版图、疆疆域域，意意为“国国家家；国国土土”；nation侧重重指指人人民民、国国民民、民民族族，意意为“民民族族，国国家家”；state侧重重指指政政权、政政体体，意意为“国国家家；政政府府”；land意意为“国国土土；国国 家家 ”， 带 有有 感感 情情 色色 彩彩 ， 多多 用用 于于 文文 学学 作作 品品 ， 如如motherland。He had left his country at the age of ten.他他10岁就离开了自己的祖国。就离开了自己的祖国。The Indian nations in the western United States were the first habitants in America.美国西部的印第安民族是美国最早的居民。美国西部的印第安民族是美国最早的居民。People were afraid of going to foreign lands in the past.过去人去人们害怕去国外。害怕去国外。直击高考直击高考School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous _.AstatesBconditionsCsituations Dpositions解解析析：考考察察名名词词词词义义辨辨析析。state强强调调抽抽象象的的精精神神状状态态；condition注注重重各各种种物物质质条条件件的的综综合合；situation指指“处处境境；局势；形势局势；形势”。答案：答案：C4flower n. C花花 vi. 开花开花One flower makes no garland.一一朵鲜花做不成花花做不成花环。The flowers are out.花开了。花开了。come into flower 开始开花开始开花Most fruit trees flower in the spring.大多数果大多数果树在春天开花。在春天开花。知识拓展知识拓展in flower 开着花；盛行开着花；盛行即学即用即学即用It is much more beautiful when it is _.AflowerBin flowersCin flower Dflowered答案：答案：C5adapt vt. 使适应；使适合；改编；使适应；使适合；改编；vi. 适应适应1)使适使适应adapt (oneself) to.(to是介是介词)adapt sth. 使某事物适使某事物适应/适合适合Some animals learn to adapt themselves to the change of weather quickly.有些有些动物学会了很快适物学会了很快适应气候的气候的变化。化。Ill adapt my teaching methods to meet the need of the freshmen.我将改我将改变我的教学方法以我的教学方法以满足新生的需要。足新生的需要。2)改改编；改写；改写adapt A for B 将将A改写改写/编成成Bbooks adapted for students 为学生学生们改写的改写的书The play is adapted from a short story.该剧是由一部短篇小是由一部短篇小说改改编而来。而来。3)改建；改造改建；改造adapt A for B将将A建建设/造成造成B4)adapt from 根据根据改改编adapt.as.把把改写改写为5)adaptable adj.适适应性性强强的的adaptation n. 改改编词语辨析词语辨析adapt, adjust, fit, suit, match它它们都有都有“适合；适适合；适应”的意思。的意思。1)adapt指指修修改改或或改改变，使使某某物物或或某某人人做做些些改改变以以适适应新新条件。条件。2)adjust指指借借正正当当的的判判断断或或熟熟练的的技技巧巧“调整整/调节”以以使使两者互相适两者互相适应。3)fit指大小适合，引申指大小适合，引申为“吻合吻合”。4)suit多指合乎要求、口味、性格或情况。多指合乎要求、口味、性格或情况。5)match指大小、色指大小、色调、形状或性、形状或性质等相配或相称。等相配或相称。You should adapt yourself to the new environment.你你应该适适应新新环境。境。You cant see through the telescope until it is adjusted to your eyes.把望把望远镜调节到适合你的目光之后，你才能看得到适合你的目光之后，你才能看得见。The shoes fit you well.这鞋你穿正好。鞋你穿正好。No dish suits all tastes.众口众口难调。A red jacket doesnt match green trousers.红上衣与上衣与绿裤子不相配。子不相配。直击高考直击高考(1)The good thing about children is that they _ very easily to new environments.Aadapt BappealCattach Dapply解解析析：考考查查动动词词词词义义辨辨析析。adapt“适适应应”；appeal“吸吸引引，呼呼吁吁”；attach“吸吸附附”；apply“申申请请”。句句意意：孩孩子子有有个好处就是他们能很容易适应新的环境。故选个好处就是他们能很容易适应新的环境。故选A。答案：答案：A(2)It is not socially _ for parents to leave children unattended at that age.Aaccessible BadorableCadaptable Dacceptable解解析析：形形容容词词义辨辨析析。accessible“可可接接近近的的；可可获得得的的”；adorable“值得得崇崇拜拜的的，值得得敬敬慕慕的的”；adaptable“能能适适应的的；适适应性性强强的的；可可改改编的的”；acceptable“可可接接受受的的”。答案：答案：D6mass1)n.(1)团、块、堆、片、群、众多；大量；大宗、堆、片、群、众多；大量；大宗(2)大部分；主要部分大部分；主要部分(3)大众；民众大众；民众(the masses)(4)集集团纵队；密集；密集队形形(5)质量量(不可数名不可数名词)I have masses of work to do.我有我有许许多多的工作要做。多多的工作要做。The mass of public opinion is in favor of the new foreign policy.大部分的大部分的舆论拥护新的外交政策。新的外交政策。I wonder if they are truly concerned with the interests of the masses.我不知道他我不知道他们是否真正关心民众的利益。是否真正关心民众的利益。2)adj.(1)大众的；民众的大众的；民众的(2)大量的；大大量的；大规模的；大批的模的；大批的Mass education is essential in promoting democracy.民众教育民众教育对提倡民主是非常重要的。提倡民主是非常重要的。3)v. 聚集聚集(起来起来)mass forces for action集集结兵力准兵力准备作作战Flies are massing over there.那那边苍蝇密布。密布。即学即用即学即用完成句子完成句子Before the rain, the sky has _ clouds.下雨前，天空有一团云。下雨前，天空有一团云。There are _ice in the river.河里有很多冰。河里有很多冰。答案：答案：a mass ofmasses of7balance1)vt.& vi.(使使)平衡；平衡；(使使)均衡均衡Believe it or not, he can balance on one toe.信不信由你，他能用一个脚趾保持身体的平衡。信不信由你，他能用一个脚趾保持身体的平衡。The company balances its accounts every month.这家公司每月家公司每月账目收支平衡。目收支平衡。2)n.平衡；余平衡；余额Ive got a good sense of balance and learnt to ski quite quickly.我的平衡感很好，很快就学会了滑雪。我的平衡感很好，很快就学会了滑雪。I must check my bank balance.我要核我要核对一下我在一下我在银行的余行的余额。知识拓展知识拓展balanced adj.平平/均衡的均衡的keep ones balance保持平衡保持平衡on balance总的说来总的说来lose ones balance失去平衡失去平衡in the balance悬而未决悬而未决out of balance失去平衡失去平衡off balance不平衡不平衡即学即用即学即用A _diet promotes good health and normal development.Ajust BplainCpoor Dbalanced答答案案：D句句意意：均均衡衡的的饮饮食食促促进进身身体体健健康康和和正正常常发发育育。balanced表示表示“均衡的均衡的”。8extreme1)adj.尽尽头的；极端的；极度的的；极端的；极度的The capital is in the extreme south of the country.这个国家的首都在它的最南端。个国家的首都在它的最南端。Extreme poverty reduced them to a state of apathy.极度的极度的贫困使他困使他们万念俱灰。万念俱灰。Extreme sports are very new in America.极限运极限运动在美国在美国还很新很新鲜。2)n.极端极端They should be warned against going from one extreme to the other.应当提醒他当提醒他们不要从一个极端走向另一个极端。不要从一个极端走向另一个极端。特别提示特别提示extreme无无比比较较级级和和最最高高级级。此此类类形形容容词词还还有有excellent, perfect, senior, junior, superior, inferior等。等。This book is superior to that one in style.这本书在文体上胜过那本书。这本书在文体上胜过那本书。Women are inferior to men in strength.女人在力量上不及男人。女人在力量上不及男人。知识拓展知识拓展extremely adv.极度，非常极度，非常go to extremes走极端走极端in the extreme极端，非常极端，非常即学即用即学即用Regular visits to the doctor are_important for pregnant women.Anaturally BbasicallyCextremely Dseparately答答案案：C句句意意：对对孕孕妇妇来来说说定定期期看看医医生生极极其其重重要要。此此处处用用extreme的的副副词词形形式式修修饰饰important。naturally自自然然地；地；basically基本地；基本地；separately各自地。各自地。9promotevt.促促进，促成；提升，晋升；宣，促成；提升，晋升；宣传，推广，推广(产品品)There will be a meeting next week to promote trade between China and the USA.下星期将召开一个会下星期将召开一个会议来促来促进中美之中美之间的的贸易。易。My fellow worker has been promoted to manager.我的同事已被提拔我的同事已被提拔为经理。理。We are spending millions of pounds on promoting our new cat food.我我们正在花正在花费几百万英几百万英镑宣宣传我我们的新猫粮。的新猫粮。知识拓展知识拓展promoter n促进者；发起者促进者；发起者promotion n提升，晋升；宣传提升，晋升；宣传promotional adj.宣传的宣传的词语辨析词语辨析promote, advancepromote指指积极极地地支支援援或或鼓鼓励励某某项运运动、主主义、计划划等等，以以协助其成助其成长、前、前进或或发展。展。advance指促使向某个目指促使向某个目标前前进。He has been devoted to promoting goodwill between the two countries.他致力于增他致力于增进两国友好关系。两国友好关系。Scientific research advances knowledge.科学研究增科学研究增长人人类知知识。即学即用即学即用The company_the rock groups new record by playing it often on the radio.Apromised BpromotedCprogressed Dbought答答案案：B句句意意：该该公公司司在在电电台台反反复复播播放放这这支支摇摇滚滚乐乐队队的新唱片进行宣传。的新唱片进行宣传。promote表示表示“宣传，推广宣传，推广”。10trap1)v.使陷入困境；使陷入困境；诱骗trap sb.(into sth./into doing sth.)Some miners were trapped underground after the collapse.塌方后，一些塌方后，一些矿工被困在地下。工被困在地下。By clever questioning they trapped him into making a confession.他他们用巧妙的用巧妙的盘问诱使他招使他招认了。了。2)n.困境；圈套，陷阱困境；圈套，陷阱The police set a trap to catch the thief.警察警察设下了捉拿窃下了捉拿窃贼的圈套。的圈套。知识拓展知识拓展place/lay/set a trap for sb.给某人设圈套给某人设圈套be caught in a trapfall into a trap落入陷阱，落入圈套落入陷阱，落入圈套 即学即用即学即用When we arrived at the building, we found that man _in the fire.Atrapping BtrapCtrapped Dto trap答答案案：C“被被困困于于中中”常常译译作作be trapped in。故故此此处用过去分词处用过去分词trapped作宾补。作宾补。11treaty nC(国家或政府间的国家或政府间的)条约，公约条约，公约The government has signed a treaty with Washington.政府已与政府已与华盛盛顿签约。The treaty will pave the way for the peace in the area.这项条条约将将为该地区的和平地区的和平铺路。路。知识拓展知识拓展make/sign a treaty with与与签订条约签订条约词语辨析词语辨析treaty, agreement, bargain, conventiontreaty指国与国之指国与国之间通通过谈判达成的条判达成的条约。agreement指指个个人人、团体体或或国国家家间就就某某些些问题达达成成的的“协议，协定定”。bargain特指特指“买卖协定；正定；正规的的书面面(经济)合同合同”。convention指指多多国国间的的公公约，比比treaty更更具具体体但但不不如如treaty正正规。12commercial1)adj. 商商业的；的；营利性的利性的Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants.首先，园首先，园艺师一直用它大量生一直用它大量生产市市场销售用的植物。售用的植物。2)n. C商商业广告广告知识拓展知识拓展commerce n. U商业；贸易商业；贸易commodity nC商品；日用品商品；日用品Our country has been trying to broaden its commerce with other nations.我国一直在努力扩大与其他国家的贸易往来。我国一直在努力扩大与其他国家的贸易往来。即学即用即学即用With the _ development of the city, all the citizens tried to buy cars.Acommerce BcomicalCcomic Dcommercial答案：答案：D1in case of 如果；万一如果；万一(n./pron.)In case of rain, they cant go.万一下雨他万一下雨他们就不能去了。就不能去了。In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.遇到火情遇到火情时立即按警立即按警铃。知识拓展知识拓展in case 假如；万一假如；万一(连词，常引导条件状语从句连词，常引导条件状语从句)as is often the case 这是常有的事这是常有的事in any case 无论如何；总之无论如何；总之in no case 决不决不(in no case置于句首时，句子用部分倒装置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)in this/that case 如果这样如果这样/那样的话那样的话in the case of 就就来说；关于来说；关于In any case, catch the train tomorrow.无论如何，明天一定要赶上火车。无论如何，明天一定要赶上火车。In no case should you leave here.在任何情况下都不要离开这里。在任何情况下都不要离开这里。Take an umbrella in case it rains.带上雨伞以防下雨。带上雨伞以防下雨。直击高考直击高考(1)I guess weve already talked about this before but Ill ask you again just_.Aby nature Bin returnCin case Dby chance解解析析：句句意意：我我猜猜我我们们以以前前谈谈过过这这个个问问题题，但但为为以以防防万万一一，我我还还是是要要再再问问问问你你。A项项意意为为“天天生生；生生性性”；B项项“作作为为(的的)回回报报”；D项项“偶偶然然，意意外外地地”。只只有有C项项“以防；万一以防；万一”合乎句意。合乎句意。答案：答案：C(2)Whats the_of having a public open space where you cant eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while?Asense BmatterCcase Dopinion解解析析：本本题考考查了了名名词的的辨辨析析。句句意意为“要要这样一一个个既既不不能能在在此此吃吃喝喝又又不不能能长时间闲呆呆的的公公共共场所所有有什什么么意意义？”sense表表示示“意意义”；而而matter表表示示“事事情情”；case表表示示“事事例；案例例；案例”；opinion表示表示“观点点”。答案：答案：A2cut.in/into把把切成切成(几部分几部分)He cut the cake in half.他把蛋糕他把蛋糕对半切开。半切开。Cut each one into about 6 pieces.把每一个切成把每一个切成6块左右。左右。知识拓展知识拓展cut away 切除；剪掉；匆匆跑掉切除；剪掉；匆匆跑掉cut down 砍倒；减少；缩减砍倒；减少；缩减cut in 插嘴插嘴cut out 切下，剪下；删除切下，剪下；删除cut up 切碎切碎cut off 切掉；中断；隔绝切掉；中断；隔绝即学即用即学即用He was in hospital for six months; he felt as if he was _from the outside world.Acut out Bcut offCcut up Dcut through答答案案：B考考查查动动词词短短语语。cut off“切切断断；剥剥夺夺”；cut out“切切掉掉”；cut up“切切碎碎”；cut through“刺刺穿穿；抄抄近近路路”。句意为：他住院六个月，感觉好像与外界隔绝了。句意为：他住院六个月，感觉好像与外界隔绝了。3run away逃离；突然离开逃离；突然离开He broke the window and ran away.他打破窗子逃跑了。他打破窗子逃跑了。He ran away from home at the age of thirteen.他他13岁时离家出走。离家出走。知识拓展知识拓展run away from sth.避开；回避避开；回避run away with sb.失去控制失去控制词语辨析词语辨析run away, get awayrun away强强调动作迅速。作迅速。get away侧重指犯罪分子从重指犯罪分子从现场逃跑或被捕逃跑或被捕时逃跑。逃跑。When they arrived, the thief had run away.他他们赶到赶到时，贼已已经逃走了。逃走了。Two of the prisoners got away.两名犯人逃跑了。两名犯人逃跑了。4set foot on到达，进入。有时可与到达，进入。有时可与set foot in换用。换用。The overseas Chinese are very glad to set foot on their homeland.华侨们非常高非常高兴踏上祖国的土地。踏上祖国的土地。He said he would never set foot in that house again.他他说他永他永远也不会再踏也不会再踏进那所房子了。那所房子了。知识拓展知识拓展be set in以以为背景为背景set sail启航启航set about(doing)sth.着手着手(做做)某事某事set off出发，动身；使爆炸出发，动身；使爆炸set back把把(钟表钟表)往回拨；阻碍往回拨；阻碍set up竖立；创立，建立竖立；创立，建立set out(to do sth.) 出发；着手出发；着手(做某事做某事)set free释放，放出释放，放出即学即用即学即用They will be filled with joy when they _on Chinese soil in July.Aset foot Bset outCset about Dset in答答案案：A句句意意：当当在在七七月月踏踏上上中中国国的的土土地地时时，他他们们心心中将充满喜悦。中将充满喜悦。5on earth此此处处意意为为“在在世世界界上上”，多多用用于于加加强强最最高高级级的的语气。语气。Who do you think is the greatest man on earth?你你认为谁是世界上最是世界上最伟大的人？大的人？特别提示特别提示on earth多多译译为为“在在世世界界上上”，on the earth多多译译为为“在在地地球球上上”，与与in the sky相相对对应应；in the earth多多译译为为“在在地地下下/里里”。另另外外，on earth可可用用在在when, what, who, where，how, which, why等等之之后后加加强强语语气气，相相当当于于in the world，意意为为“究究竟竟； 到到底底”，用用于于否否定定句句时时相相当当于于not.at all，表示愤怒、敬佩等情感。，表示愤怒、敬佩等情感。What on earth are you doing?你究竟在干什么？你究竟在干什么？1It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable place.很难想像比这里更难以居住的地方。很难想像比这里更难以居住的地方。imaginevt. 想像；想像；设想；感想；感觉；猜；猜测We cant imagine life without any water.我我们无法想像没有水的生活。无法想像没有水的生活。He imagined that he had heard a strange noise upstairs.他感他感觉听到楼上有奇怪的声音。听到楼上有奇怪的声音。Can you imagine what he is doing?你能猜你能猜测他在做什么他在做什么吗？知识拓展知识拓展1)imagine (sb./ones) doing sth. 想像想像(某人某人)做某事做某事I cant imagine my marrying a man of that sort.我难以想像我会嫁给那种男人。我难以想像我会嫁给那种男人。2)imagine宾语从句宾语从句Can you imagine that he left without even a word?你能设想他甚至一句话都不说就离开吗？你能设想他甚至一句话都不说就离开吗？3)imagineobj.(to be)adj./(as) n/prep.I imagine her (to be) beautiful and soft.我把她想像得既温柔又漂亮。我把她想像得既温柔又漂亮。I imagine him (as) a tall and handsome man.我想像他是一个高大英俊的人。我想像他是一个高大英俊的人。直击高考直击高考Look! Hes running so fast!Hard to _ his legs were once broken.Aknow BimagineCrealize Dfind解解析析：根根据据句句意意“看看，他他跑跑得得真真快快！很很难难想想像像他的腿曾经骨折过。他的腿曾经骨折过。”答案：答案：B2 Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land.直直到到18世世纪纪末末，英英国国探探险险家家詹詹姆姆斯斯库库克克才才穿穿越越了了南南极极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。not.until的的意意思思是是“直直到到才才”，有有时为了了加加强强语气气，可可将将not until提提前前放放在在句句首首，这时，句句子子须用用部部分分倒装倒装语序，即将助序，即将助动词放在主放在主语的前面。的前面。试比比较：The noise of the street didnt stop until midnight.街上的噪音一直到午夜才停止。街上的噪音一直到午夜才停止。(Not until midnight did the noise of the street stop.)但但是是，如如果果not.until连接接的的是是含含状状语从从句句的的复复合合句句，用用于于倒倒装装语序序时只只倒倒装装主主句句部部分分，从从句句部部分分(即即until后后面面的的从句从句)不倒装。不倒装。He didnt arrive until the game had begun.直到比直到比赛开始他才到来。开始他才到来。(Not until the game had begun did he arrive.)We wont come home until it is dark.我我们不到天黑不回家。不到天黑不回家。(Not until it is dark will we come home.)直击高考直击高考(1)Not until he left his home_to know how important the family was for him.Adid he begin Bhad he begunChe began Dhe had begun解解析析：句句意意：直直到到离离开开家家，他他才才开开始始意意识识到到这这个个家家对对他他来来说说是是何何等等重重要要。not until引引导导的的从从句句置置于于句句首首时时，主主句句需需用用倒倒装装语语序序。本本句句中中主主从从句句的的动动作作基基本本同同时时发发生生，故用一般过去式。故用一般过去式。答案：答案：A(2)Not until the motorbike looked almost new_repairing and cleaning it.Ahe stopped Bdid he stopCstopped he Dhe did stop解解析析：本本题考考查了了倒倒装装的的用用法法。not until结构构放放在在句句首首，主主句句要要用用倒倒装装。主主句句倒倒装装时要要借借助助于于助助动词did，C项表表述述错误。答案：答案：B主语主语主主语语(subject)是是一一个个句句子子的的主主题题(theme)，是是句句子子所所述述说说的的主主体体。它它的的位位置置一一般般在在一一句句之之首首。可可用用作作主主语语的的有有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。单词、短语、从句乃至句子。1)名词用作主语。如：名词用作主语。如：A tree has fallen across the road.一棵树倒下横在路上。一棵树倒下横在路上。Little streams feed big rivers.小河流入大江。小河流入大江。2)代代词用作主用作主语。如：。如：Youre not far wrong.你差不多你差不多对了。了。He told a joke but it fell flat.他他说了一个笑了一个笑话，但没有引人，但没有引人发笑。笑。3)数数词用作主用作主语。如：。如：Threes enough.三个就三个就够了。了。Four from seven leaves three.7减去减去4余余3。4)名名词化的形容化的形容词用作主用作主语。如：。如：The idle are forced to work.懒汉被迫被迫劳动。The old and young marched side by side.老少并肩而行。老少并肩而行。5)副副词用作主用作主语。如：。如：Now is the time.现在是在是时候了。候了。Carefully does it.小心就行。小心就行。6)名名词化的介化的介词用作主用作主语。如：。如：The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.我我们必必须承受人生之沉浮。承受人生之沉浮。7)不定式用作主不定式用作主语。如：。如：To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个你能否找到路可能是一个问题。It would be nice to see him again.如能再如能再见到他，那将是一件愉快的事。到他，那将是一件愉快的事。8)动名名词用作主用作主语。如：。如：Smoking is bad for you.吸烟吸烟对你有害。你有害。Watching a film is a pleasure; making one is hard work.看看电影是影是乐事，制作影片事，制作影片则是苦事。是苦事。9)名名词化的化的过去分去分词用作主用作主语。如：。如：The disabled are to receive more money.残疾人将得到更多的救残疾人将得到更多的救济金。金。The deceased died of old age.死者死于年老。死者死于年老。10)介介词短短语用作主用作主语。如：。如：To Beijing is not very far.到北京不很到北京不很远。From Yanan to Nanniwan was a three hours ride on horseback.从延安到南泥湾从延安到南泥湾骑马要走三个小要走三个小时。11)从句用作主从句用作主语。如：。如：Whenever you are ready will be fine.你不你不论什么什么时候准候准备好都行。好都行。Because Sally wants to leave doesnt mean that we have to.不能不能说因因为萨利要走因而我利要走因而我们也得走。也得走。12)句子用作主句子用作主语。如：。如：“How do you do？” is a greeting.“你好！你好！”是一句是一句问候候语。13)主主语可可由由一一个个以以上上的的名名(代代)词等等构构成成，这种种主主语可可唤作并列主作并列主语。如：。如：He and I are old friends.我和他是老朋友。我和他是老朋友。The Party and government show great concern for our welfare.党和政府非常关党和政府非常关怀我我们的生活。的生活。14)英英语常用无人称的名常用无人称的名词作主作主语。如：。如：A gun wounded him.有人用有人用枪打打伤了他。了他。The happy news brought them all to my home.他他们听到听到这个好消息后就都来到我的家。个好消息后就都来到我的家。15)英英语还常将表示常将表示时间、地点的、地点的词用作主用作主语。如：。如：Today is your last lesson in French.今天是你今天是你们最后一堂法文最后一堂法文课。Tian An Men Square first saw the raising of our fivestar red flag on October 1st, 1949.1949年年10月月1日日天天安安门广广场上上升升起起了了我我们的的第第一一面面五五星星红旗。旗。16)和和汉语一一样，英，英语的主的主语有有时用得不合用得不合逻辑。如：。如：The kettle is boiling.这壶水开了。水开了。My tent sleeps four people.我的我的帐篷睡四个人。篷睡四个人。17)有有时为了了强强调或或补充充，在在口口语中中，说话人人往往往往用用名名词(或代或代词)重复主重复主语。如：。如：He is a nice man, your friend Johnson.他是个好人，你的朋友他是个好人，你的朋友约翰翰逊。The poison it has worked.那毒那毒药，它起作用了。，它起作用了。To see you after such a long time, that was good.过了了这么久又么久又见到你，到你，这太好了。太好了。18)有有时重重复复主主语的的名名词(代代词)可可带有有be, have或或助助动词。如：如：It went too far, your game did.太太过分了，你耍的花招太分了，你耍的花招太过分了。分了。He was happy, he was.他他真真快快乐，真真快快乐。(he was亦亦可可单独独成成句句，变为He was)即学即用即学即用(1)_some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.AWhether BWhatCThat DHow答答案案：B句句意意：一一些些人人认认为为是是缺缺点点的的地地方方在在其其他他人人看看来来是是一一种种优优势势。what引引导导的的从从句句在在句句中中作作主主语语，且且what在从句中作在从句中作regard的宾语。其他选项不能此用。的宾语。其他选项不能此用。(2)It never occurred to me_you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.Awhich BwhatCthat Dif答答案案：C句句意意：我我从从来来没没想想到到你你能能成成功功地地说服服他他改改变主主意意。It occurs to sb. that.意意为“某某人人突突然然想想到到”。其中其中it为形式主形式主语，指代真，指代真实主主语that从句的具体内容。从句的具体内容。(3)It is uncertain_side effect the medicine will bring about, although about 2,000 patients have taken it.Athat BwhatChow Dwhether答答案案：B句句意意：尽尽管管大大约两两千千病病人人已已经服服用用了了这种种药，但但这种种药会会带来来什什么么副副作作用用，仍仍然然不不明明。句句中中it为形形式式主主语，指代真，指代真实主主语what从句的具体内容。从句的具体内容。