语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语学生见P231语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语 定语从句在句中起形容词的作用，修饰名词或代词，作定语；被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词；引导定语从句的词叫关系词，它一方面代替前面的先行词，另外又在从句中充当一个成分。语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语 关系词关系词先行词先行词 作用作用 备注备注 关 系 代 词who人主语关系代词whom, which, that在从句中做宾语时，常常可以省略；但在介词后面时不能省略，介词后也不能用thatwhom人宾语whose人，物定语that人，物主语，宾语which物主语，宾语as人，物主语，宾语as 做宾语时一般不省略 关 系 副 词when时间时间状语相当于“介词+which”where地点地点状语相当于“介词+which”why原因原因状语相当于“for+which”语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语that引导的定语从句一.下列情况只能用that, 不能用which1.先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, the one等不定代词时。 He told me everything that he knew. 他告诉了我他知道的一切。2.先行词被all, any, every, each, little, the very, the only等修饰时。 This is the very book that I am looking for.这正是我在找的那本书。语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语3.先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时。 This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。4.先行词既有人又有物。 We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.我们谈论我们记得的人和事。语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语二.下列情况不能用that1.that 不能引导非限定性的定语从句。 Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.足球是一项有趣的运动，全世界都踢。2.介词后不用that（介词后指人用whom, 指物用which）。 The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bicycle. 他如此努力为之工作的奖品是一辆新自行车。 I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.我喜欢正和老师谈话的那个人。语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语 whose 是一个表示所属关系的词，在定语从句中作定语，相当于my， his， her， its， their等修饰人或物。of which 可以代替whose 指物，词序一般是“名词of which” 或“of whichthe+名词”。of whom 可以代替whose 指人，词序是“名词of whom”。 Many children， whose parents are away working in big cities， are taken good care of in the village.父母亲在大城市里打工的许多孩子在村庄里被照顾的非常好。whose和of whom, of which引导的定语从句语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语 The newly-built cafe， the walls of which are painted light green， is really a peaceful place for us， especially after hard work.这家新建的墙体被涂成浅绿色的咖啡厅对我们而言确实是个安静场所，尤其是在辛苦工作之后。语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语 “介词+which/whom中介词的确定”1.与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。 The man (who/whom/that) I talked with at the meeting is from Beijing University.The man with whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. 在会议中与我谈话的那个人是北京大学的。注意注意：但是在下面一句中for 不可以提前，因为look for 是固定的动词词组，如果把for提前，动词的意思会改变。 This is the person (who/whom/that) you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语2.与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。 He built a telescope， through which he could study the skies.他架起一架望远镜，通过它他可以研究天空。 In the dark street， there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语3.ofwhich/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose) Recently I bought an ancient vase， the price of which (whose price) was very reasonable.最近我买了个古董花瓶，它的价钱很合理。语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语先行词为point， case， situation等词时所构成的定语从句 point， situation， case等，从表面上看它们不是表地点的，但有表示类似地点的意义，因此它们作先行词时，如果关系词在从句中作状语，那么这个关系词要用where；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语先行词为point， case， situation等词时所构成的定语从句 Its helpful to put children in a situation where they can view themselves in anther way. (where 在定语从句中作状语)把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们有益。 Now there is just one point that/which I wish you make quite clear. (which/that 在定语从句中作宾语)现在我希望你弄清楚的只有一点。语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语as与which在引导定语从句时的区别1.as 与which 都可以代指主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。 He married her， as (which) was natural.很自然地，他和她结婚了。 Whenever I met her， which was fairly often， she greeted me with a sweet smile.不管我何时遇见她，她都用甜甜的微笑迎接我，这是常事儿。语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语2.但在下列情况下一般只能用as(1)as引导的定语从句可以放在句首，而which 则不能。 As we know， more than seventy percent of the earth is covered with water.正如我们所知，地球70%以上都是水。(2)as 表示“正如，正像”，而which 常译成“这，这一点”。此时，as从句中常有know，expect，happen，point out，plan，suggest等单词或短语。 He came back home late， as we expected.正如我们所料，他回家晚了。语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语(3)当先行词被the same，such，as,so修饰时，定语从句需用as引导。 I bought the same book as you have.我买了一本跟你一样的书。 Ill give you such things as you may need.我将给你你需要的东西。 Hell marry as pretty a girl as he can find.他将与他能找到的最漂亮的女孩结婚。语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语(4)但是当先行词被the same修饰时， that 也可引导定语从句，但意义有所不同。the same.as (指同样或同类的)， the same.that (指同一个) This is the same watch as I lost.这块表与我丢的那块一样。 This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢的那块表。语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语学生见p232.单句填空单句填空1.（2014石家庄高中毕业班第一次模拟考试） Classes （teach） in English provide students with a better environment.【解析】后置定语done表达被动含义。【答案】taught2.（2014西宁高三年级复习检测） Next, try talking with a student who is as shy as you or who （share） the same interest as you.【解析】考查定语从句中主谓一致的问题。【答案】shares语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语3.（2014郑州高中毕业年级第三次质量检测） I am sure it wasbecause of her I became a story teller.【解析】考查it isthat的强调句结构。【答案】that4.He is an optimistic and learned man, for we students all show respect.【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。【答案】whom语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语5.The Palace Museum, also （call） the Forbidden City, began to be built in 1407.【解析】done表示被动含义。【答案】called6.Only when everyone takes an active part can we really save our （limit） water resources.【解析】考查过去分词作定语。【答案】 limited语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语7.With an important exam drawing near, I felt so nervous that I even couldnt eat or sleep, thus making me very （sleep） in class.【解析】考查sleep的形容词形式,sleepy作宾语补足语，make sb. sleepy（使人感到昏昏欲睡）。【答案】sleepy8.It is with great regret I am writing this letter of apology to you.【解析】考查强调句型it isthat，此句并非定语从句。【答案】that语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语9.Instead we should spend more time playing sports or talking with our friends, which （help） us relax and communicate.【解析】考查定语从句中主谓一致问题。which为从句引导词，指代前面整句话的内容。【答案】helps10.Whats more, those （leave） their homes and parents at a young age will suffer from loneliness. 【解析】考查定语从句或后置定语。【答案】leaving/who leave语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语11.The pen with he is writing actually is a gift from his parents.【解析】考查定语从句引导词，在介词后且先行词为sth.。【答案】which12.The first English novel I read is called Alice in Wonderland.【解析】考查定语从句的引导词的选择。当先行词是最高级、序数词或被最高级、序数词修饰时，定语从句的引导词只用that不用which。【答案】that语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语13.Who is the woman shook hands with you just now?【解析】当主句已有疑问词who/which等时，定语从句只能由that引导。此句中that作从句的主语。【答案】that14.Is this the dictionary youre （look）?【解析】考查由that/which 引导的定语从句且that/which在从句中充当宾语可以省略，但介词不能省略。【答案】looking for语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语15.Im sorry, but I really dont like the way he speaks to his parents.【解析】考查先行词是the way时，定语从句引导词的选择。【答案】that/in which/不填16.The word “right” has the same pronunciation the word “write”. 【解析】as引导的定语从句修饰表人或物的先行词，即先行词可以是人也可以是物；在定语从句中可以做主语、宾语或表语；常用于the sameas/suchas/as（so）as句型，as不论在定语从句中作何成分，均不能省略。【答案】 as语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语17.He was one of the volunteers who （praise） by the players of the visiting teams.【解析】考查定语从句的主谓一致问题，此句先行词为volunteers，故从句中要用复数形式。【答案】were praised18.Who can think of a situation this Chinese idiom is frequently used?【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。引导词在从句中作状语时，引导词可用where 或 in which/at which。 与situation用法类似的名词有：condition（s）（条件、状况）；spot（地点）；place （地方）；position（位置）；stage（阶段）；case（情形、病例、案例）；point（物理等概念上的点，程度，阶段）；business（企业、事业）；meeting（会议、集会）；earth（地球、世界）；society （社会）；world （世界）；surroundings（环境）等。【答案】where/in which语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语19.He soon spent all the money, most of was earned in a dishonest way.【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。【答案】which20.The great poets and their masterpieces boomed in Tang Dynasty is regarded as a national treasure.【解析】考查定语从句中that的用法。当先行词既有人又有物时，引导词用that。【答案】that语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语.单句改错单句改错1.（2014东北三省四第一次联考） Furthermore, I am given enough personal space, what I appreciate so much.【解析】考查非限定性定语从句的引导词。【答案】whatwhich2.（2014东北三省四第二次联考） Travelling abroad, you should follow the customs of the country where you are visiting.【解析】考查定语从句的引导词，此处应用关系代词。【答案】wherewhich/that或the country where you语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语3.（2014沈阳高三教学质量监测二） The two Canadians happily claimed their wallet, that contained their passports, flight tickets, some cash and credit cards.【解析】考查非限定性定语从句的引导词问题。【答案】thatwhich4.（2014西安高三第二次质量检测） I led them to the nearby bus stop and advised them to take Bus No.20, who could take them there directly.【解析】考查定语从句的引导词，此句中先行词为bus，且为非限定性定语从句，故用which。【答案】whowhich语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语5.（2014成都高中毕业班第二次诊断性检测） We should try to develop good eating habits to build ourselves, preparing ourselves for which our future may require.【解析】考查定语从句和名词性从句的区别。这里由what引导的从句作介词for的宾语。【答案】whichwhat6.（2014海口高考调研测试） If English is not your first language, most universities will require something to prove your ability to use the language good enough.【解析】考查副词作状语，不能用good。【答案】goodwell语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语7.（2014甘肃第二次高考诊断考试） In the London Eye, there are 32 capsules, each of them can hold up to 25 people.【解析】考查非限定定语从句。【答案】themwhich8.（2014银川普通高中教学质量检测） It was raining hard outside, that made it difficult for me to go home for lunch.【解析】考查非限定性定语从句的引导词。【答案】thatwhich语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语9.（2014东北三省三校高三第二次联合模拟考试） On an autumn afternoon, we were sent to a farm which we learned to plant potatoes.【解析】考查定语从句引导词，关系副词where可用prep.+which来表达。【答案】whichwhere/onwhich10.You should try to sleep for at least 8 hours every day, that will help you be active and energetic for your day at school.【解析】考查非限定性定语从句的引导词。【答案】thatwhich语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语11.So they also serve as a reminder to everyone who one should dare to dream rather than live with great regrets.【解析】考查同位语从句而非定语从句。that引导从句作reminder的同位语。【答案】whothat12.It was at the church where I showed you around last week that the accident took place. 【解析】考查在强调句型中的被强调部分（此句为地点状语at the church）后紧跟一个定语从句修饰。【答案】wherethat/which或where I showed语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语13.In a situation that we are surrounded, with our people injured, what else is there to do?【解析】考查situation做先行词时，定语从句引导词用where或者介词+which作状语。【答案】thatwhere/in which14.This is the house where I lived in last month.【解析】考查定语从句中关系副词的用法。【答案】lived in语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语15.Which we all know, confidence plays a vital role in ones performances and enables people to behave better.【解析】考查定语从句的引导词问题。放在句首表“正如”只能用As，且此句中as在从句中作宾语。【答案】WhichAs16.We climbed to the top of the mountain where we enjoyed a breath,taking scenery.【解析】考查from+where的定语从句作地点状语。【答案】from where语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语17.The phrase filled my mind was “How can I serve more?”【解析】考查filling作后置定语。【答案】filledfilling或that/whichfilled18.I think what we did is meaningful, that can help us form a good habit of environmental protection.【解析】考查非限定性定语从句的引导词为which而不是that。【答案】thatwhich语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语19.This is the national museum where I once visited.【解析】考查定语从句中缺少宾语，要用关系代词而不是关系副词where。【答案】wherethat/which20.Everything which I experienced during the social practice is unforgettable.【解析】考查定语从句中先行词是all, much, everything, little, none, few等不定代词时，其引导词只能用that而不能用which。【答案】whichthat语法专项提升 专题八 高考总复习英语