古代中国的手工古代中国的手工业经济业经济第二课第二课 手工业手工业是指依靠手工劳动，使用简单是指依靠手工劳动，使用简单工具的小规模工业生产。工具的小规模工业生产。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1 1、生产经营活动、生产经营活动2 2、劳动者的地位、劳动者的地位3 3、特点：、特点：（一）、田庄手工业（一）、田庄手工业依附于农业依附于农业自给自足自给自足家庭手工业家庭手工业一、经营形态一、经营形态Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.供应对象的供应对象的不计成本不计成本和和奢侈性奢侈性制作工艺的制作工艺的行业之间的行业之间的劳动者劳动者（二）官营手工业（二）官营手工业特点？特点？特殊性特殊性产品的产品的高超性高超性封闭性封闭性缺少缺少积极性积极性Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.古代手工业的三种经营形态：古代手工业的三种经营形态：经营形态经营形态管理方式管理方式产品产品流通方式流通方式官营手工业官营手工业民营手工业民营手工业家庭手工业家庭手工业政府直接经营、政府直接经营、集中、大作坊集中、大作坊民间私人自主经民间私人自主经营营农户的副业农户的副业官家专用和皇官家专用和皇帝私用的物品帝私用的物品民间消费民间消费的产品的产品供自己消费和供自己消费和交纳赋税的产交纳赋税的产品品不在市场流不在市场流通通在市场流通在市场流通剩余部分出剩余部分出售售Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.汉朝汉朝明朝明朝进一步发展进一步发展 出现资本主义萌芽出现资本主义萌芽原始纺织业出现原始纺织业出现唐朝唐朝规模大、分工细规模大、分工细宋朝宋朝棉纺织业发展棉纺织业发展二、纺织业二、纺织业新石器时代新石器时代指导蚕桑生产的专职官员指导蚕桑生产的专职官员商代商代Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.汉代绢手绢汉代绢手绢汉汉 烟色菱纹罗烟色菱纹罗汉汉 黄地印花敷彩纱黄地印花敷彩纱Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.东汉的罗东汉的罗丝绸之路上出土的汉代绢地丝绸之路上出土的汉代绢地刺绣刺绣东汉丝绸袜子东汉丝绸袜子Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.“赛里丝赛里丝”据史书记载，古罗马人十据史书记载，古罗马人十分喜爱中国的丝织品，公分喜爱中国的丝织品，公元前元前1世纪，罗马共和国世纪，罗马共和国执政官恺撒，身穿丝袍出执政官恺撒，身穿丝袍出现在剧场曾轰动一时。那现在剧场曾轰动一时。那时期，身穿中国丝织品衣时期，身穿中国丝织品衣服，成为罗马社会上层的服，成为罗马社会上层的风尚。风尚。西方称中国西方称中国“赛里丝赛里丝”（丝国），长期以来丝绸（丝国），长期以来丝绸之路绵绵不绝。之路绵绵不绝。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.长安长安敦煌敦煌起起点点罗马罗马Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.冶铜业冶铜业冶铁业冶铁业三、冶铸业三、冶铸业冶冶铸铸业业Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.冶铜业冶铜业冶铁业冶铁业青铜冶铸及代表作青铜冶铸及代表作三、冶铸业三、冶铸业冶冶铸铸业业Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.司母戊鼎司母戊鼎1.33米1.1米重832.84千克每个坩埚能冶炼铜12.5千克，铸造该鼎需要70多个坩埚。特点一：规模大特点一：规模大Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.酒酒器器盥水器盥水器乐乐器器铜铜镜镜Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.食器食器兵器兵器农具农具特点二：品种多特点二：品种多Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.蕉叶形蕉叶形纹理清晰纹理清晰四只大卷角羊四只大卷角羊羊的前腿羊的前腿三、工艺精美三、工艺精美Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.越越 王王 勾勾 践践 剑剑Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.秦公鼎Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.冶铜业冶铜业冶铁业冶铁业青铜冶铸及代表作青铜冶铸及代表作冶炼生铁和块炼铁冶炼生铁和块炼铁水排的发明和应用水排的发明和应用炼钢和淬火工艺炼钢和淬火工艺三、冶铸业三、冶铸业冶冶铸铸业业Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.冶铁水排模型冶铁水排模型冶冶铁铁Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.制瓷业成为独立的生产部门，制瓷业成为独立的生产部门，越青邢白、釉下彩绘。越青邢白、釉下彩绘。从商朝到东汉：从商朝到东汉：发明粉彩瓷器工艺。发明粉彩瓷器工艺。由陶向瓷过渡由陶向瓷过渡唐代：唐代：宋代：宋代：清代：清代：名窑众多名窑众多四、四、制瓷业制瓷业Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 甘肃考古学家发现了一套甘肃考古学家发现了一套28002800年前古人类所用年前古人类所用的陶制烹饪器具，其中一为陶锅，另一为放置在锅的陶制烹饪器具，其中一为陶锅，另一为放置在锅上用来蒸东西的笼屉（即为史书中记载的上用来蒸东西的笼屉（即为史书中记载的“甑甑”）中国首次发现古人类用于蒸制食品的套装陶器中国首次发现古人类用于蒸制食品的套装陶器新石器时代出现陶器新石器时代出现陶器Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.商代出现原始的瓷器商代出现原始的瓷器Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.东汉技术趋于成熟东汉技术趋于成熟白瓷白瓷公道杯公道杯青瓷青瓷熊形灯熊形灯Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.白瓷凤首瓶白瓷凤首瓶 唐唐南南青青北北白白越窑青瓷莲花碗越窑青瓷莲花碗 Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.东东东东汉汉汉汉白白白白瓷瓷瓷瓷唐唐唐唐朝朝朝朝白白白白瓷瓷瓷瓷唐唐唐唐朝朝朝朝青青青青瓷瓷瓷瓷唐代釉下彩绘瓷水盂唐代釉下彩绘瓷水盂唐代釉下彩绘瓷水盂唐代釉下彩绘瓷水盂唐唐三三彩彩青瓷极品青瓷极品-秘色瓷秘色瓷子目录子目录子目录子目录Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.宋宋 定窑孩儿枕定窑孩儿枕 宋宋 定定窑窑八八方方四四系系瓶瓶 宋宋代代 汝汝窑窑天天青青长长颈颈瓶瓶 宋宋代代 汝汝窑窑天天蓝蓝釉釉长长颈颈镶镶金金瓶瓶 南宋，官窑穿戴瓶南宋，官窑穿戴瓶 乾隆御提诗（金字）乾隆御提诗（金字） 宋宋 钧窑玫瑰紫釉尊钧窑玫瑰紫釉尊 北宋北宋 钧窑月白釉碗钧窑月白釉碗 宋代：制瓷技艺大放异彩，名窑不断涌现宋代：制瓷技艺大放异彩，名窑不断涌现Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.元代景德镇，全国制瓷元代景德镇，全国制瓷中心（青花瓷器）中心（青花瓷器）【元】青花鱼藻凸花牡丹大盘【元】青花鱼藻凸花牡丹大盘【元】景德镇窑青花缠枝牡丹纹瓶【元】景德镇窑青花缠枝牡丹纹瓶Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.明洪武明洪武景德镇窑景德镇窑釉里红四季花卉纹瓜釉里红四季花卉纹瓜棱罐棱罐明宣德明宣德青花瓷器青花瓷器领先世界的古代手工业领先世界的古代手工业Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.清康熙珊瑚红珐琅彩莲纹碗清康熙珊瑚红珐琅彩莲纹碗 清乾隆胭脂清乾隆胭脂红珐琅琅彩鼻烟彩鼻烟壶清代粉彩瓷清代粉彩瓷Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.康熙黄地珐琅彩花卉康熙黄地珐琅彩花卉瓷碗瓷碗五五彩彩八八宝宝纹纹西西瓜瓜盖盖罐罐(道道光光）粉彩云龙盘螭长瓶粉彩云龙盘螭长瓶（光绪）（光绪） 康熙时期又出康熙时期又出现了珐琅彩的瓷器，现了珐琅彩的瓷器， 其花纹凸起有立体其花纹凸起有立体 感，画面瑰丽，华感，画面瑰丽，华美绝伦。到雍正时美绝伦。到雍正时期，把珐琅彩中花、期，把珐琅彩中花、鸟、竹、石与诗、鸟、竹、石与诗、书法融为一体，富书法融为一体，富丽中见古雅之风，丽中见古雅之风， 使人爱不释手。这使人爱不释手。这时期，粉彩瓷器的时期，粉彩瓷器的画面也开始有了明画面也开始有了明暗、浓淡、深浅的暗、浓淡、深浅的变化与过渡，色调变化与过渡，色调温润柔和，极富立温润柔和，极富立体感。乾隆在位体感。乾隆在位6060年，瓷业生产无论年，瓷业生产无论质量、数量均达高质量、数量均达高峰。所以清代瓷器峰。所以清代瓷器收藏应以康、雍、收藏应以康、雍、乾三代为主，不仅乾三代为主，不仅收藏价值高，且可收藏价值高，且可保值、增值。保值、增值。 下一张下一张下一张下一张Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1 1、生产部门不断增多，分工日益细化、生产部门不断增多，分工日益细化2 2、技术不断进步、技术不断进步3 3、生产规模不断扩大与工场手工业出现、生产规模不断扩大与工场手工业出现4 4、官营手工业、民营手工业、家庭手工业、官营手工业、民营手工业、家庭手工业 三种形态并存。三种形态并存。 5 5、布局随着经济重心南移相应变化、布局随着经济重心南移相应变化 6 6、长期领先世界，产品不仅供国内消费还、长期领先世界，产品不仅供国内消费还远销海外、享誉世界，广受欢迎远销海外、享誉世界，广受欢迎Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.游戏：游戏：瓷器鉴宝猜猜看瓷器鉴宝猜猜看谁的价格最接近谁的价格最接近 北宋定窑刻花梅瓶北宋定窑刻花梅瓶1993年克里斯蒂拍卖行成交年克里斯蒂拍卖行成交价折合人民币价折合人民币2500万元万元。明朝嘉靖年间五彩鱼藻纹盖罐明朝嘉靖年间五彩鱼藻纹盖罐2000年，年，在香港苏在香港苏富比拍卖富比拍卖行拍卖。行拍卖。成交价：成交价：4400多万多万港元。港元。总目录总目录总目录总目录下一张下一张下一张下一张子目录子目录子目录子目录Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.成交价成交价: 1亿亿1千千5百百4拾拾8万港元万港元清朝乾隆年间御制珐琅彩瓶清朝乾隆年间御制珐琅彩瓶 青花八仙纹盖罐青花八仙纹盖罐 明宣德明宣德 高高4141厘米厘米估价估价:RMB280000:RMB280000一一380000380000总目录总目录总目录总目录下一张下一张下一张下一张子目录子目录子目录子目录Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.粉彩八桃天球瓶粉彩八桃天球瓶”(乾隆乾隆)粉彩八桃天球瓶粉彩八桃天球瓶(雍正雍正)它现在值多少钱？它现在值多少钱？455-586万美元万美元!总目录总目录总目录总目录下一张下一张下一张下一张子目录子目录子目录子目录Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.中国古代的手工业产品为什么能中国古代的手工业产品为什么能在海外广受欢迎和赞赏？在海外广受欢迎和赞赏？ 答案提示：答案提示：日用品与艺术品的结合。中国古代的日用品与艺术品的结合。中国古代的手工业产品集内质美、造型美、色泽美于一体，传手工业产品集内质美、造型美、色泽美于一体，传到海外，倍受珍视。它广泛应用于人类物质生活和到海外，倍受珍视。它广泛应用于人类物质生活和精神生活，而且通过物的交流，给世界人民带去了精神生活，而且通过物的交流，给世界人民带去了美的情趣，传播着绚丽多彩的中国文化。美的情趣，传播着绚丽多彩的中国文化。丝绸之丝绸之路和海上丝绸之路为中国古代手工业产品向海外交路和海上丝绸之路为中国古代手工业产品向海外交流提供了便利的条件。流提供了便利的条件。古代封建王朝利用馈赠手古代封建王朝利用馈赠手工业品方式，加强与亚、非、欧各国的友好往来。工业品方式，加强与亚、非、欧各国的友好往来。如瓷器赠品成为和平、友好、吉祥的化身。如瓷器赠品成为和平、友好、吉祥的化身。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1 1、东汉杜诗发明的水排是一种、东汉杜诗发明的水排是一种A A、灌溉工具、灌溉工具B B、冶铁工具、冶铁工具C C、播种工具、播种工具D D、纺织工具、纺织工具2 2、古代手工业品中质量最好的应出自、古代手工业品中质量最好的应出自A A、官营手工业、官营手工业B B、民营手工业、民营手工业C C、家庭手工业、家庭手工业D D、私营企业、私营企业3 3、景德镇是我国著名的、景德镇是我国著名的“瓷都瓷都”，其闻名天下始于，其闻名天下始于A A、唐朝、唐朝B B、宋朝、宋朝C C、元朝、元朝D D、明朝、明朝4 4、明清时期手工业的发展，最重要的影响是、明清时期手工业的发展，最重要的影响是A A、促进地区或行业新的社会分工、促进地区或行业新的社会分工B B、促进城镇集市的发展、促进城镇集市的发展C C、促进生产规模的扩大、促进生产规模的扩大D D、促成雇佣关系的产生、促成雇佣关系的产生Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.