Grammar:Infinitives动词不定式动词不定式 Infinitives动词不定式的基本形式动词不定式的基本形式l to + 动词原形动词原形 l 有时可以不带有时可以不带to(秃头不定式）秃头不定式）动词不定式的否定形式不定式的否定形式not/never + to donot/never + do动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定形式 Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. My mother let me not do it by myself.不定式的逻辑主语不定式的逻辑主语 Its good for you to do morning exercises. The question is too difficult for us to answer. Its too dark for me to see anything in the room. Its very kind of you to think of the others.如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个在不定式前加一个for(of)引起的短语。介词引起的短语。介词for(of)的宾语叫不定式的逻辑主语。的宾语叫不定式的逻辑主语。动词不定式是动词不定式是非谓语动词非谓语动词的一种，它的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，动词不定式具有独立作谓语，动词不定式具有名词，名词，形容词形容词和和副词副词的特征，它也仍保持的特征，它也仍保持动动词词的特点，它可以有自己的宾语和状的特点，它可以有自己的宾语和状语。这种带宾语或状语的不定式结构语。这种带宾语或状语的不定式结构称为称为“不定式短语不定式短语”。 定义定义1. 作主语作主语2. 作宾语作宾语3. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语4. 作定语作定语5. 作状语作状语6. 作表语作表语7. 与疑问词连用与疑问词连用请你思考：动词不定式在句子中可以作什么请你思考：动词不定式在句子中可以作什么 成分？成分？三三. . 用法用法/ /功能功能To see is to believe.Its exciting to surf on the Internet.(1). (1). 作主语作主语作主语的不定式如果很短，通常位于句首；作主语的不定式如果很短，通常位于句首；若不定式（短语）较长时，常用若不定式（短语）较长时，常用itit作作形式形式主语主语，而把真正的主语（即动词不定式），而把真正的主语（即动词不定式）放在后面以避免头重脚轻。放在后面以避免头重脚轻。I want to go home.The workers decided to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.(2) (2) 宾语宾语常用常用动词不定式作不定式作宾语的的动词有：有：want, hope, wish, refuse, learn, would like, choose, decide, agree, pretend, expect, plan He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作作形式宾语形式宾语，构成，构成“主语主语+动词动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）宾补（形容词、名词）+不定不定式式”结构。结构。The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.He often helps me (to) repair my bike.(3). (3). 宾补宾补常用动词不定式作宾补的动词有：常用动词不定式作宾补的动词有：tell, ask, want, warn, wish, allow, encourage, expect, teach, help The boss makes them work 15 hours a day.I saw the accident happen yesterday.He was made to do his work (by me).五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三使三使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉: feel感官动词感官动词和和使役动词使役动词等后接不定式作宾补等后接不定式作宾补时，需省时，需省toto。但在被动语态中要。但在被动语态中要还帽子还帽子。I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do .He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry about.(4). (4). 定语定语动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词或代词后。如果不定式中的动词饰的名词或代词后。如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词是不及物动词,则要带上与之搭配的介词，则要带上与之搭配的介词，构成构成及物动词短语及物动词短语。He got up early to catch the train.Lets stop to have a rest.Im very happy to see you.Hes too young to go to school.She is old enough to dress herself.(5) (5) 状状语动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，原因，或结果等。原因，或结果等。My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.isis(6). (6). 表语表语 不定式可以放在不定式可以放在be动词后，形成表后，形成表语。(7) (7) 与疑问词连用与疑问词连用 不定式与疑不定式与疑问词who, which, when, how, what 等等连用，形成用，形成带疑疑问词的不定式。在句中起名的不定式。在句中起名 词作用，可充当主作用，可充当主语、表、表语、宾语等。等。He didnt know what to say. (宾语) How to solve the problem is very important.(主主语) My question is when to start. (表表语)在与在与why连用用时，只用于，只用于why或或why not开开头的的简短疑短疑问句中，后面句中，后面紧跟的跟的动词不定式不不定式不带to。 Why do sth.? Why not do sth.?注意事项注意事项1. 有些有些动词既可跟不定式作既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟，也可跟动名名词作作宾语，但含，但含义不同：不同： remember to do 记住要做某事；住要做某事； remember doing 记得曾得曾经做做过某事某事 forget to do 忘忘记要做某事要做某事 forget doing 忘忘记曾曾经做做过某事某事 stop to do 停下来去做某事停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事停止做某事 go on to do 继续做另一件事做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来在做的事做原来在做的事 I remember seeing you somewhere before. 我我记得以前在哪儿得以前在哪儿见过你。你。 Please remember to turn off the light when you leave. 离开离开时请记得关好灯。得关好灯。 I forgot to tell her about it. 我忘我忘记告告诉她她这件事。件事。 I forgot telling her about it. 我忘我忘记了曾把了曾把这件事告件事告诉过她。她。 2.感官感官动词后既可跟不后既可跟不带to的不定式作的不定式作宾补，也，也可跟可跟v-ing作作宾补，前者表示，前者表示动作的全部作的全部过程已程已结束；后者表示束；后者表示动作正在作正在进行。行。 I saw him come downstairs. 我看我看见他下了楼。（他下了楼。（说明他下楼了明他下楼了这件事）件事） I saw him coming downstairs. 我看我看见他他在下在下楼。（楼。（说明他下楼明他下楼时的情景）的情景）注意事项注意事项Fill in each blank with the proper word from the brackets:1.Mike wants _(go) to a park on Sunday.2.The teacher often tells us _(not be) late.3.My brother is too young _ (join) the army.4.It takes me an hour _(do) my homework every day.5.Do you have anything _(say)?6.His parents often make him _ (do) a lot of exercises.7.He took lessons _(learn) how _(sing).8.Mother told him _(not play) football in the street.9.Im very glad _(pass) the exam.10.Your skirt is nice. Let me _(have) a look.to gonot to beto jointo doto saydo to learnnot to playto passhave to singFill in each blank with the proper word from the brackets:11. The students were made _(copy) the text three times.12. Youd better _(not go) there because it is dark.13. I have a lot of homework _(do) every day.14. The little boy likes _( answer) questions.15. Would you like _ (join) us?16. Mr. Wang taught me _ (play) basketball.17. My watch needs _ (repair).18. I find it important _(learn) English well.19. It is difficult _(answer) this question.20. Yesterday I saw the accident _(happen).to copy not goto doto answer/answering to jointo playrepairing/to be repairedto learnto answerhappenFill in each blank with the proper word from the brackets:21. The important thing is _(save) lives.22. I often help my mother _(do) housework.23. We often hear Mary _(sing) in her room.24. We are tired. Lets stop _(have) a rest.25. Its very kind of you _(think) so much of us.26. Its easy for me _(repair) the bike.27. There is nothing _(worry) about.28. I am rich enough _(buy) a car.29. Why not _(go) with me?30. Dont forget _(close) the door when you leave.to save(to) dosingto haveto thinkto repair to worryto buygoto closeCorrect the mistakes:1.The man was tired enough to stop having a rest.2.What words can you use describe the beautiful scene?3.The teacher told us to not make so much noise.4.They are often seen play on the playground.5.Youd better not to go out alone at night.6.I want to find a chair to sit.7.Its very nice for you to help me.8.Its good of you to do morning exercises.9.He found this difficult to learn Japanese.10. I often hear him singing in the next room.11. He needs seeing a doctor.to have _ to describe_not toto playnot go to sit on_ of_ for_ it_sing_to see