Unit4HesaidIwashard-workingGrammarLesson直接引语变间接引语面面观直接引语变间接引语面面观一、如何变人称：一、如何变人称： 口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新。口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：主语的人称变化如：Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogoshoppingwithme.”Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogoshoppingwithher.“二随宾二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： ： HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。“第三人称不更新第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： MrSmithsaid,Jackisagoodboy.“MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodboy.二、如何变时态：二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。1)一般现在时一般现在时一般一般过去时态；过去时态；Shesaid:”Iamastudent.”Shesaid(that)shewasastudent.2)一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时Shesaid,Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend。Tomsaid,”Iamgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.”Tomsaidhewasgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.二、如何变时态：二、如何变时态：3)现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时；过去进行时；Shesaid,“Iamreadingabook.”Shesaidshewasreadingabook.注意：以下几种情况时态注意：以下几种情况时态不变不变直接引语是客观真理。直接引语是客观真理。TheteachersaidTheearthmovesaroundthesun.”Theteachersaidmetheearthmovesaroundthesunearth.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：如：Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.JacksaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jacksaid.“IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme”JacksaidhewasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseehim.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning。”Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变（例：（例：could,should,would,might）Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”ThedoctorsaidIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”和已经是过去时的形式时和已经是过去时的形式时，例：例：oughtto，hadbetter,usedtoPetersaid.Youhadbettercomeheretoday.PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.三、如何变状语：三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语时间状语由由“现在现在”改为改为“原来原来”（例：（例：nownow变为变为then,then,yesterdayyesterday变为变为thethedaydaybeforebefore today变为变为thatdayHesaid,”Iwanttogoswimmingnow.”Hesaidhewantedtogoswimmingthen.地点状语地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，尤其表示方向性的， here变变thereTheteacher said,“Youshouldcomehereat7:00.”TheteachersaidIshouldgothereat7:00.指示代词指示代词修饰的状语，由修饰的状语，由“此此”改为改为“彼彼” 例：例：thisthis改为改为thatthat Hesaid,Thisbooksismine.“Hesaidthatbookwashis.四、如何变句型：四、如何变句型： 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导 的宾语从句。Shesaid,Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.“Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句， 间接引语应改为由间接引语应改为由 whetherwhether或或ifif引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句. .Hesaid,Canyouswim,John?“HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序陈述句语序）。Sheaskedme,Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.Sheaskedme,WhatwasJackdoingwhenIcomein?”SheaskedmewhatJackwasdoingwhenshecamein.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“Tell(ask,order,beg等等)sb(not)todosth.“句型句型。如：如：1.Dontmakeanynoise,theteachersaidtothestudents.Shetold(ordered)thestudentsnottomakeanynoise.2.“Openthedoor,please,saidshe.Sheaskedhimtoopenthedoor.直接引语如果是以直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用时，通常用“suggest+动句词（或从句）动句词（或从句）”如如：Hesaid,Letsgotothemovies.Hesuggestedgoingtothemovies.或或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethemovies.练习1.Shesaid:”Iamsixyearsold.”2.Johnsaid:”Illbebacktomorrow.”3.Katesaid:”IamwatchingTVnow”4.Theboysaid:”IwasbornonApril11th1982”5.“IjoinedtheLeaguein2000,”XiaoLisaid.6.“Whyareyoulate?”theteacheraskedtheboy.7Heaskedme,“Doyoulikeblackteaorgreentea？”.8.Hesaid,“pleasecomehereagaintomorrow.”w9Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”w10Kittysaid“Illcallagainaftersupperthisevening.”w11Shesaid,“Iwillcomehereagaintonight.”w12Shesaid,“Mysisterwillbebacktomorrowmorning.”w13“Thechildrenhadbettergotobedearly,”shesaid.14Paulsaid,“Imtryingtogetataxi.”15Heasked,“Areyousureyourmotherwillcome?16Heasked,“Areyouateacherorastudent?”17Hesaidtome,“Pleasecomeagainheretomorrow.”18Hesaidtome,“Dontdothatagain.”19Hesaid,“Whereisshegoing?”20“Wholivesnextdoor?”sheasked.w21“Whereistheairport?”heasked.22.”Whathaveyougotinyourbag?”theyasked.23“Mary,whenisthenexttrain?”heasked.24“Whydidyoustopthecar,Tom?”sheasked.25“Isthereanyonehere?”heasked.26“DoyouknowMrsGreen?”heaskedme.27“ShallIwaitforthemorshallIgoon?”themanasked.28“ShallIlockthecarorleaveitunlocked?”sheasked.29“Willyoubeheretomorrow?”heaskedme.30“Wouldyouliketocomeinforadrink?”sheaskedBill.w31“Couldyougivemeahand?”MrBlackaskedTom.32“Youllbebacktonight,wontyou?”mywifeaskedme.33“Dontswimouttoofar,children,”mothersaid.34“Pleaseletmehaveatry.”Janesaidtotheteacher.35“Dositdown,everybody.”saidthehostess.36“Pleasedonttakeanyrisks,”saidhiswife.37“Dontforgettotakeyourpills,”saidmothertoherdaughter.38“Putdownyourgun,man!”saidtheinspector.39“Bequiet,girls.”saidtheoldman.40“Bringyourtextbookwithyoutomorrow,please.”Theteachersaidtoher.w41IaskedWangDong“Arethereanyspellingmistakesinmyexercises?”42Johnaskedher“Canyoumakeoutthewordontheblackboard?43Thephysicssaidtotheclass,“Theearthisround.”44“Itsalovelyday,isntit?”Sheasked.45Heasked,“Tom,wheredidyoureadit?”46“Whatsthematterwithyou?”Sheasked.47Wesaid,“Whataclevermonkeyitis!”48Hesaid“HowhappyIam!”49Theysaid,“Wevelearnedaround3000Englishwordssofar.”