Prof. Spirkins recollections of his experience of working in the secret laboratory:One of the authors of theBefore Reading_ MAINAbout the AuthorAlexander SpirkinRead and ThinkEnvironmental IssuesGroup DiscussionA corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.Dialectical MaterialismAlexander SpirkinA prominent scientist, a well-known Soviet philosopher and psychologist.Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Director of the Department of General Problems of Dialectical Materialism at the Academy Institute of Philosophy.Used to be the first director of a secret laboratory of clairvoyants in the USSR. Before Reading_1.1 I still know nothing about the results of those scientific works with remote viewers even so many years after. Soviet military officials were interested in our work, too. They listened to my lectures with great interest. On many occasions I was taken to secret military headquarters, the whereabouts of which I didnt know either they were taking me there in cars with curtains on the windows. In the end I had to leave the laboratory. New technologies and devices started to appear but I could hardly understand anything about them. A special committee came to check our equipment, and they were shocked to see how outdated it was. The laboratory was not closed. A younger scientist took my place in the lab, but I know nothing about its current activities.About the AuthorAlexander SpirkinRead and ThinkEnvironmental IssuesGroup DiscussionDialectical MaterialismDialectical Materialism, written by Professor Alexander Spirkin, was published in 1983 by This book is a Leninist philosophy, its central and problems, its historical role and in the complex world of today. It is an attempt to expound the and ideas of this philosophy in a compressed form. Its philosophy and art, man and his in the world, the of human reason, man and culture and many other problems that are not usually on Marxist-Leninist philosophy. Before Reading_1.2Directions: One of the most famous books written by Alexander Spirkin is Dialectical Materialism，where the text comes from. Listen to a brief introduction to the book and try to catch the missing words or phrases for the blanks in the passage. consideration_Progress Publishers _significance_propositions_range _ encompassesbasic principles _existence _creative power _examined_ in similar courses of the essence of Marxist-About the AuthorAlexander SpirkinRead and ThinkEnvironmental IssuesGroup DiscussionDialectical Materialism, Moscow.Before Reading_2Directions: Read the following poster. Can you understand what the poster means? What information can you learn from it? How do you feel after reading the poster? About the AuthorAlexander SpirkinRead and ThinkEnvironmental IssuesGroup DiscussionDialectical MaterialismThe worlds water supplyIf all earths water fit in a gallon jug, available fresh water would equal just over a tablespoon less than half of one percent of the total. About 97 percent of the planets water is seawater; another two percent is locked in icecaps and glaciers. Vast reserves of fresh water underlie earths surface, but much of it is too deep to economically tap.Before Reading_3.11. What environmental issues do you think are the most pressing now? 2. Can you recognize what environmental issues do the following pictures show? What do you know about them? Share your knowledge with your classmates. About the AuthorAlexander SpirkinRead and ThinkEnvironmental IssuesGroup DiscussionDialectical MaterialismBefore Reading_3.2Deforestation( )Air Pollution( )Global Warming( )Ozone Depletion( )About the AuthorAlexander SpirkinRead and ThinkEnvironmental IssuesGroup DiscussionDialectical MaterialismWe human beings live on the earth and always keep developing our civilization. Where do you think human civilization is heading? How can we live in harmony with nature? Discuss with your group members and share your experiences with them.Before Reading_4Directions:About the AuthorAlexander SpirkinRead and ThinkEnvironmental IssuesGroup DiscussionDialectical MaterialismGlobal Reading_1.1 Parts Paras.Main Ideas121234Man lives in the realm of nature. He is connected with nature by “blood ties” and he cannot live outside nature.As society develops, man tends to become less dependent on nature directly, while indirectly his dependence grows because the industrial transformation of the earth makes it increasingly difficult to obtain irreplaceable natural resources for the needs of production.True or FalsePart Division of the TextQuestions and AnswersBlank FillingFurther UnderstandingInterview57At present, Mother Nature is being exhausted in resources, contaminated by synthetic products, and troubled by ecological imbalance. The previous dynamic balance between man and nature and between nature and society as a whole, has shown ominous signs of breaking down.3Global Reading_1.1 Parts Paras.Main Ideas89The solution to mannature lies in rational and wise organization of both production itself and care for Mother Nature by all humanity. And the failure to live in harmony with nature and obey its laws would cause fatal disaster.4True or FalsePart Division of the TextQuestions and AnswersBlank FillingFurther UnderstandingInterview We humans live inside and with the nature. The air, water and food make us constantly of the influence of nature. But we it too. We convert its wealth into ours. is an example to serve our interest. We also plants and animals to different climatic conditions, and by changing the climate, we even plants and animals.ransfert_Global Reading_2.1nteracti_warea_lectricityE_ransformt_ransformt_True or FalsePart Division of the TextQuestions and AnswersBlank FillingFurther UnderstandingInterviewGlobal Reading_2.21With the development of our society, human beings become more and more independent. The imperfect tools prevented our ancestors from satisfying their needs. People in ancient times tended to see the natures elemental forces as friendly. 1. 2. 3. As society develops, man tends to become less dependent on nature directly, while indirectly his dependence grows.Despite their imperfect tools, they worked together stubbornly, collectively, and were able to attain results.F( )F( )Nature with its elemental forces was regarded as something hostile to man.F( )True or FalsePart Division of the TextQuestions and AnswersBlank FillingFurther UnderstandingInterviewGlobal Reading_2.22Deforestation originally was due to human s fear of forest. As time goes on, mankind begins to look for other resources to take the place of natural resources. 4. 5.As time goes on, mankind becomes increasingly concerned with the question of where and how to obtain irreplaceable natural resources for the needs of production.F( )T( )True or FalsePart Division of the TextQuestions and AnswersBlank FillingFurther UnderstandingInterviewGlobal Reading_3.11. What signs are given in this part to show that the previous dynamic balance is breaking down?The problem of replaceable resources of the biosphere has become acute. It is getting more difficult to satisfy the needs of human beings and society even for such a substance as fresh water. The problem of eliminating industrial waste is also becoming increasingly complex.2. What is the feature of modern technology?An ever-increasing abundance of produced and used synthetic goods.3. Why do young people like synthetic, glittering fabrics that are not good for them?Because they pay more attention to appearance than to health and they will only become aware of this harmful influence as they grow older.True or FalsePart Division of the TextQuestions and AnswersBlank FillingFurther UnderstandingInterviewGlobal Reading_3.24. In what way are the synthetic products harmful to the earth? When synthetic products turn into waste, substances that in their original form were not very toxic are transformed into harmful substances in the cycle of natural processes.True or FalsePart Division of the TextQuestions and AnswersBlank FillingFurther UnderstandingInterviewGlobal Reading_41. How does the writer view the mannature relation?2. What is the solution to ecological crisis?3. If human beings go on violating the laws of nature, what will happen?4. What Oriental wisdom can we use for reference to deal with the mannature relation?Work in pairs to perform an interview. One student plays as the writer, Alexander Spirkin, and the other, a journalist. You two are talking about the mannature relation. Your conversation should be based on part 4, and it should cover the following aspects:Directions:True or FalsePart Division of the TextQuestions and AnswersBlank FillingFurther UnderstandingInterviewNature nurtures mankind unselfishly with its rich resources. Yet, man is so carried away in his transformation of nature that he is unaware that it also has limitations and needs constant care. Now worn by the excessive demands of mankind, nature is unable to maintain the ecological balance needed. Humanity is faced with the problem of how to stop, or at least to moderate, the destruction of Mother Nature.Detailed Reading_t0Detailed Reading Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are constantly surrounded by it and interact with it. Man is constantly aware of the influence of nature in the form of the air he breathes, the water he drinks, and the food he eats. We are connected with nature by “blood ties” and we cannot live outside nature. Man in the Realm of NatureAlexander Spirkin Detailed Reading_t1Detailed Reading Man is not only a dweller in nature, he also transforms it. Humanity converts natures wealth into the means of the cultural, historical life of society. Man has subdued and disciplined electricity and compelled it to serve the interests of society. Not only has man transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, he has also changed the shape and climate of his environment and transformed plants and animals. As society develops, man tends to become less dependent on nature directly, while indirectly his dependence grows. Our distant ancestors lived in fear of natures destructive forces. Very often they were unable to obtain the merest daily necessities. However, despite their imperfect tools, they worked togetherDetailed Reading_t2Detailed Readingstubbornly, collectively, and were able to attain results. Nature was also changed through interaction with man. Forests were destroyed and the area of farmland increased. Nature with its elemental forces was regarded as something hostile to man. The forest, for example, was something wild and frightening and people tried to force it to retreat. This was all done in the name of civilization, which meant the places where man had made his home, where the earth was cultivated, where the forest had been cut down. even for such a substance, for example, as fresh water. The problem of eliminating industrial waste is also becoming increasingly complex. Detailed Reading_t3Detailed Reading But as time goes on mankind becomes increasingly concerned with the question of where and how to obtain irreplaceable natural resources for the needs of production. Science and mans practical transforming activities have made humanity aware of the enormous geological role played by the industrial transformation of the earth. At present the previous dynamic balance between man and nature and between nature and society as a whole, has shown ominous signs of breaking down. The problem of the so-called replaceable resources of the biosphere has become particularly acute. It is getting more and more difficult to satisfy the needs of human beings and society Modern technology is distinguished by an ever-increasing abundance of produced and used synthetic goods. Hundreds of thousands of synthetic materials are being made. People increasingly cover their bodies from head to foot in nylon and other synthetic, glittering fabrics that are obviously notDetailed Reading_t4Detailed ReadingAs time goes on, the synthetic output of production turns into waste, and then substances that in their original form were not very toxic are transformed in the cycle of natural processes into aggressive agents. Today both natural scientists and philosophers are asking themselves the question: Is mans destruction of the biosphere inevitable? good for them. Young people may hardly feel this , and they pay more attention to appearance than to health. But they become more aware of this harmful influence as they grow older. But to return to our theme, the bitter truth is that those human actions which violate the laws of nature, the harmony of the biosphere, threaten to bring disaster and this disaster may turn out to be universal. How apt then are the words of ancient Oriental wisdom: live closer to nature, my friends, and its eternal laws will protect you! Detailed Reading_ t5Detailed Reading The man-nature relation the crisis of the ecological situation is a global problem. Its solution lies in rational and wise organization of both production itself and care for Mother Nature, not just by individuals, enterprises or countries, but by all humanity. One of the ways to deal with the crisis situation in the “man-nature” system is to use such resources assolar energy, the power of winds, the riches of the seas and oceans and other, as yet unknown natural forces of the universe. 1. What does “blood ties” refer to?We are connected with nature by “blood ties” and we cannot live outside nature.Detailed Reading_t1_WeDetailed ReadingIt refers to such very close relationship as kinship.2. Translate this sentence.我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。Humanity converts natures wealth into the means of the cultural, historical life of society.Detailed Reading_t1_HumanityTranslate this sentence into Chinese.Detailed Reading人类把自然资源转变为各种文化和社会历史的财富。人类把自然资源转变为各种文化和社会历史的财富。Analyze the structure of this sentence. Not only has man transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, he has also changed the shape and climate of his environment and transformed plants and animals.Detailed Reading_t1_NotDetailed ReadingThis is a compound sentence led by “not only (but) also”. The first half led by “not only” is the inverted structure.More examples:Not only is Tom very clever, he is also very diligent.Not only did he lose his bag, but he himself got lost.Not only does he write the lyrics to the songs, but he also composes the music.Paraphrase this sentence.Man has shifted different kinds of plants and animals to areas with different climates from those of their original habitats. Moreover, man has transformed the shape and climate of his own environment and accordingly the plants and animals have also adapted themselves to the changes. Nature with its elemental forces was regarded as something hostile to man. Detailed Reading_t2_Nature What can we learn from this sentence? We can learn that the power of nature is out of mans control so that it is believed to be unfavorable to humanity.Detailed Reading2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。This was all done in the name of civilization, which meant the places where man had made his home, where the earth was cultivated, where the forest had been cut down.Detailed Reading_t2_This1. Analyze the structure of this sentence. The attributive clause led by “which” includes another three attributive clauses led by “where” in parallel structure.Detailed Reading2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.这一切都是打着这一切都是打着“文明文明”的旗号进行的。所谓的旗号进行的。所谓“文明文明”，就是人类在哪，就是人类在哪里建立家园、耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。里建立家园、耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。Science and mans practical transforming activities have made humanity aware of the enormous geological role played by the industrial transformation of the earth.Detailed Reading_t3_ScienceParaphrase this sentence.Man has realized the great geological changes caused by the industrial influence on the earth, which is made by science and mans transforming activities in practice.Detailed ReadingAt present, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature and between nature and society as a whole, has shown ominous signs of breaking down.Detailed Reading_t3_At present1. What can we learn from this sentence?We can learn from the sentence that man has threatened the balance between man and nature and between nature and society, which used to be maintained dynamically, but now tends to collapse.Detailed Reading2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已显现目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已显现出崩溃的迹象。出崩溃的迹象。Modern technology is distinguished by an ever-increasing abundance of produced and used synthetic goods.Detailed Reading_t4_Modern1. What can we infer from this sentence?We can infer from this sentence that it is modern technology, to a great extent, that enables the production and consumption of large quantities of synthetic goods.Detailed Reading2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。Its solution lies in rational and wise organization of both production itself and care for Mother Nature, not just by individuals, enterprises or countries, but by all humanity.Detailed Reading_t5_Its solution Translate this sentence into Chinese.Detailed Reading这一问题的解决之道在于理性而明智地协调生产和对大自然的关爱之这一问题的解决之道在于理性而明智地协调生产和对大自然的关爱之间的关系，这不仅要依靠个人、企业或者国家的力量，而且要依靠全间的关系，这不仅要依靠个人、企业或者国家的力量，而且要依靠全人类的力量。人类的力量。But to return to our theme, the bitter truth is that those human actions which violate the laws of nature, the harmony of the biosphere, threaten to bring disaster may turn out to be universal. Detailed Reading_t5_But to 2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.Detailed Reading但是，回到我们原先的主题上，令人难以接受的事实是那些违背了自但是，回到我们原先的主题上，令人难以接受的事实是那些违背了自然规律、破坏了生物圈和谐的人类行为将会带来灾难，而这一事实可然规律、破坏了生物圈和谐的人类行为将会带来灾难，而这一事实可能是普遍存在的。能是普遍存在的。1. Paraphrase this sentence.As we come to the topic under discussion, it is painful to see the fact that human activities may well bring disaster through the violation of the laws of nature and the harmony of the biosphere.realm: n. a country ruled over by a king or queen; a general area of knowledge, activity, or thoughtDetailed Reading_t1_realmThe king had to call representatives of different classes of the realm into consultation upon the national economic crisis. Detailed ReadingThe movie has brought children to a realm of imagination.影片将孩子们带入了幻想的王国。影片将孩子们带入了幻想的王国。public realm 公众领域公众领域within the realms of possibility 有可能的有可能的Collocations:He always projects an image of success in public realm.他总是以成功人士的形象出现在公众面前。他总是以成功人士的形象出现在公众面前。It was actually within the realms of possibility. 这是完全有可能的。这是完全有可能的。interact: vi.if people or things interact with each other, they affect each otherDetailed Reading_t1_interactDetailed ReadingLucy interacts well with other children in the class.所有事物都是互相联系又互相作用的。所有事物都是互相联系又互相作用的。All things are interrelated and interact with each other.transform: vt. Detailed Reading_t1_transform1to completely change the appearance, form, or character of something or someone, especially in a way that improves it Detailed ReadingIncreased population has transformed the landscape.这部戏几乎在一夜之间把她从一个不为人知的校园女生变成了演这部戏几乎在一夜之间把她从一个不为人知的校园女生变成了演艺巨星艺巨星。The play transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a megastar.Detailed Reading_t1_transform2Detailed Reading这些动词均有这些动词均有“变化，改变变化，改变”之意。之意。 指任何变化，完全改变，强调与原先的情况有明显的不同。指任何变化，完全改变，强调与原先的情况有明显的不同。 指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。指信仰或态指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。指信仰或态 度时，强调较激烈、大的改变。度时，强调较激烈、大的改变。 指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变 化，失去原状成为全新的东西。化，失去原状成为全新的东西。1. In order to their environment, he drew up the project. 2. Carbon dioxide can be into oxygen through the agency of plant. 3. Why do the leaves on trees colour in autumn? 4. He always attempts to others to a particular doctrine or belief. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.change_transform_converted_convert_CF: change, convert & transformchangeconverttransformconvert: v. Detailed Reading_t1_convertto change something into a different form of thing, or to change something so that it can be used for a different purpose or in a different way Detailed ReadingThey converted the spare bedroom into an office.他成功地让我接受了他的观点他成功地让我接受了他的观点。He succeeded in converting me to his point of view.In the process, the light energy converts to heat energy.subdue: vt. Detailed Reading_t1_subduegain control of, esp. by defeating Detailed ReadingFor a century we laboured to settle and to subdue the continent.警方设法制服了愤怒的人群警方设法制服了愤怒的人群。Police managed to subdue the angry crowd.该词的过去分词该词的过去分词subdued可作形容词，意为可作形容词，意为“柔和的，减弱的，无精打柔和的，减弱的，无精打采的采的”。例如：。例如：NB:In the bar, there is subdued light and soft music. Richard seems very subdued tonight.discipline:Detailed Reading_t1_discipline11. vt. train or develop, esp. in obedience and self-controlDetailed ReadingDisciplining children takes patience and consistency.不同文化中对于孩子的训导方式是不一样的不同文化中对于孩子的训导方式是不一样的。Different cultures have different ways of disciplining their children.2. n.1) a way of training someone so that they learn to control their behaviour and obey rules The book gives parents advice on discipline.Detailed Reading_t1_discipline2Detailed Reading2) an area of knowledge or teachingThe information that has evolved in one discipline may permit exciting advancement in another.她对营销这门学科的实践知识和强烈的求知欲给我留下了深刻的她对营销这门学科的实践知识和强烈的求知欲给我留下了深刻的印象印象。I was greatly impressed by her practical knowledge of the discipline of marketing and her strong desire to learn more.discipline problem 纪律问题纪律问题discipline oneself 自律自律instill discipline into sb. 灌输纪律观念灌输纪律观念Collocations:compel: vt.Detailed Reading_t1_compel1Detailed Readingmake (a person or thing) do sth., by force, moral persuasion, or orders that must be obeyedOur minds are so constructed that they compel us to view the external world in only one way.法律要求雇主必须提供健康保险法律要求雇主必须提供健康保险。The law compels employers to provide health insurance.这些动词均含这些动词均含“迫使迫使”之意。之意。指在法律、权力、力量或行动等的驱使下被迫而为。例如指在法律、权力、力量或行动等的驱使下被迫而为。例如:A parent may compel his child to do his lessons by threatening to suspend his allowance. 家长可能会采用威胁暂停津贴的办法迫使其子女学习家长可能会采用威胁暂停津贴的办法迫使其子女学习。CF: compel, force & oblige compelDetailed Reading_t1_compel2Detailed Reading指用个人意志、权力、权威或暴力等，迫使他人改变看法指用个人意志、权力、权威或暴力等，迫使他人改变看法 或做本不愿做的事。例如或做本不愿做的事。例如: 指由于生理或道德上的需要，促使某人做某事，也指有权指由于生理或道德上的需要，促使某人做某事，也指有权 威的人或机构迫使某人做某事，还可指在特定情况下被迫威的人或机构迫使某人做某事，还可指在特定情况下被迫 作出的反应。例如作出的反应。例如:Government troops have forced the rebels to surrender. 政府军已经迫使叛乱者投降政府军已经迫使叛乱者投降。Circumstances had obliged him to sell the business.形势逼迫他卖掉公司。形势逼迫他卖掉公司。forceobligetransfer: Detailed Reading_t1_transfer1. v. move from one place, job, position, etc., to another Detailed ReadingMichael transferred from Company 6 to the Security Service.Most of the bills are paid by electronic transfer.2. n. 权力的移交迅速而又和平地得以实现权力的移交迅速而又和平地得以实现。The transfer of power was effected swiftly and peacefully.in fear of: in a state of fear aboutDetailed Reading_t2_in fear ofDetailed ReadingOrdinary people lived in fear of being arrested by the secret police.他们生活在不断的饥饿恐惧中。他们生活在不断的饥饿恐惧中。They live in continual fear of starvation.attain: vt. to succeed in achieving something after trying for a long timeDetailed Reading_t2_attainDetailed ReadingMore women are attaining positions of power in public life.他们最后一定能获得解放。他们最后一定能获得解放。Theyre sure to attain emancipation in the end.hostile: a. Detailed Reading_t2_hostileshowing extreme dislike or disapproval; unfriendlyDetailed ReadingSenator Lydon was hostile to our proposals.工程进展得很慢，因为不少学者对普通人持敌对态度。工程进展得很慢，因为不少学者对普通人持敌对态度。The project proceeded slowly because many scholars were hostile to the common people.retreat: vi. Detailed Reading_t2_retreat1move back or leave a center of fighting or other activity, esp. when forced to do soDetailed ReadingPerry lit the fuse and retreated to a safe distance.从公众生活中隐退是不明智的。从公众生活中隐退是不明智的。It was not a sensible choice to retreat from public life.这些动词均含这些动词均含“退下，退却退下，退却”之意。之意。指从公开或公共场合退下到私下场所，也指被免除职务或自指从公开或公共场合退下到私下场所，也指被免除职务或自 动辞职、退役等。例如动辞职、退役等。例如:I retired from teaching three years ago. 三年前我就不再教书了三年前我就不再教书了。CF: retire, retreat & withdrawretireDetailed Reading_t2_retreat2Detailed Reading 含消极意味，多指被迫采取退下或退却的行动。含消极意味，多指被迫采取退下或退却的行动。 强调因某种原因而有意离开，常含礼貌、谦恭等理由。也强调因某种原因而有意离开，常含礼貌、谦恭等理由。也 指军队的撤退。指军队的撤退。The enemy was forced to retreat. 敌军被迫撤退了敌军被迫撤退了。As the troops withdraw , the entire city celebrated the liberation.部队撤退时部队撤退时,整个城市欢庆解放。整个城市欢庆解放。retreatwithdrawconcerned: a. Detailed Reading_t3_concernedDetailed Readingaffected by something or worried about it; believing something is importantAll the people present are concerned with childrens education.很多政客更关注的是权力和控制而不是人民的利益。很多政客更关注的是权力和控制而不是人民的利益。Many politicians are more concerned with power and control than with the good of the people.concerned with关注，关心；与关注，关心；与相关相关concerned about / for担心，关爱担心，关爱concerned to do sth.专注于做某事专注于做某事as far as is concerned 就就而言而言Collocations:ominous: a.Detailed Reading_t3_ominousDetailed Readingmaking you feel that something bad is going to happenThe car is making an ominous rattling sound.不祥的黑云预示着雷暴的到来。不祥的黑云预示着雷暴的到来。The ominous black clouds predicted the coming thunderstorm.acute: a. Detailed Reading_t3_acuteDetailed Readingsevere; very greatThe housing shortage is more acute than first thought.一颗蛀牙可以引起强烈的疼痛。一颗蛀牙可以引起强烈的疼痛。A bad tooth can cause acute pain.acute disease急性病急性病acute anxiety急剧焦虑急剧焦虑acute shortage严重短缺严重短缺acute sense敏锐的感觉敏锐的感觉 acute mind 机智的头脑机智的头脑Collocations:substance: n. a material; type of matter Detailed Reading_t3_substanceDetailed ReadingThe leaves were covered with a strange sticky substance.大气中的有害物质威胁着人们的健康。大气中的有害物质威胁着人们的健康。Harmful substances in the atmosphere are threatening peoples health.complex:Detailed Reading_t3_complex11. a. consisting of many different parts and often difficult to understandDetailed ReadingA complex highway system is to be established in order to enhance the national transportation. 随着我们的工业和社会环境变得更加错综复杂随着我们的工业和社会环境变得更加错综复杂,供电可靠性方面的供电可靠性方面的要求也与日俱增要求也与日俱增。The demands for reliability of power supply increase daily as our industrial and social environment becomes more complex.2. n. a group of buildings, or a large building with many parts, used for a particular purposeThey live in a three-story apartment complex.Detailed Reading_t3_complex2Detailed Reading这些形容词均含这些形容词均含“复杂的复杂的”意思。意思。 强调内在关系的复杂，需通过仔细研究与了解才能掌握和强调内在关系的复杂，需通过仔细研究与了解才能掌握和 运用。运用。 与与complex的含义接近，但语气更强，着重极其复杂，很的含义接近，但语气更强，着重极其复杂，很 难分析、分辨或解释。难分析、分辨或解释。 强调事物达到高级的程度所体现出的复杂性。强调事物达到高级的程度所体现出的复杂性。 着重指错综复杂，令人迷惑不解。着重指错综复杂，令人迷惑不解。1. Peter seemed to have a good understanding of the most issues. 2. Joan shows me the highly computer software. 3. Mental illness is a very subject. 4. The plot of the novel is and fascinating. 5. The higher the level of competition, the more the timing systems. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.complicated_complex/complicated_sophisticated_intricate_CF: complex, complicated, sophisticated & intricatecomplexcomplicatedsophisticatedintricatesophisticated_distinguish: v. Detailed Reading_t4_distinguishDetailed Readingmakes someone or something different or specialThe factor that distinguishes this company from the competition is customer service.他们找到了一种方法将癌细胞从正常组织中区分开来。他们找到了一种方法将癌细胞从正常组织中区分开来。They have found a method of distinguishing cancer cells from normal tissue.His attorney argued that he could not distinguish between right and wrong. synthetic: a.Detailed Reading_t4_syntheticDetailed Readingproduced by synthesizing; not naturally produced; artificialAmong the synthetic fibres used in furnishing fabrics are nylon, polyester and acrylic.我们已经学会了从自然界提取原材料创造新的合成材料。我们已经学会了从自然界提取原材料创造新的合成材料。 We have learned to extract raw materials from nature to create new synthetic materials.glitter: vi.Detailed Reading_t4_glitterDetailed Readingshine brightly with flashing points of lightThe river glittered in the sunlight.晨露在阳光下闪烁。晨露在阳光下闪烁。The morning dews glitter in the sun.这些动词都有这些动词都有“闪光，闪烁，闪亮闪光，闪烁，闪亮”之意。之意。指突然发出随即消失的闪光，如闪电的光。例如：指突然发出随即消失的闪光，如闪电的光。例如： 指透过间隔物或映衬于较暗背景上的微弱光线。例如：指透过间隔物或映衬于较暗背景上的微弱光线。例如： 指连续发出的闪烁不定的光。例如：指连续发出的闪烁不定的光。例如：Lightning flashed overhead.闪电在头顶闪光闪电在头顶闪光。Day was by this time approaching, the west was dim, the east beginning to gleam. 这时，白昼逐渐到来，西面一片朦胧，东边开始熠熠发光这时，白昼逐渐到来，西面一片朦胧，东边开始熠熠发光。CF: flash, gleam & glitter flashgleamglitter His blue eyes glittered with anger.他的蓝眼睛闪烁着愤怒的光芒他的蓝眼睛闪烁着愤怒的光芒。cycle:Detailed Reading_t4_cycleDetailed Reading1. n. a number of related events happening in a regularly repeated orderSometimes the only way to break the cycle of violence in the home is for the wife to leave.水通过机器循环再利用。水通过机器循环再利用。The water is cycled through the machine and reused.2. v. travel by bicycle; go through a series of related events again and againHe cycles to work everyday.break the cycle 打破循环打破循环cycling tour骑车环游骑车环游cycle lane / path / route自行车道自行车道life cycle生命周期生命周期Collocations:as yet: Detailed Reading_t5_as yetDetailed Readinguntil nowThe meeting will be held on an as yet undecided date.Weve had no word from Colin as yet.我们到现在还没有科林的消息我们到现在还没有科林的消息。theme: n. Detailed Reading_t5_theme1Detailed Readingthe main subject or idea in a piece of writing, speech, film, etcThe books theme is the conflict between love and duty.林奇的大部分画作是关于同一主题的不同变体。林奇的大部分画作是关于同一主题的不同变体。Most of Lynchs pictures were variations on the same theme.这些名词均有这些名词均有“主题、话题主题、话题”之意。之意。 指有争论、急需讨论研究的热点话题。指有争论、急需讨论研究的热点话题。 正式用词，多指文学、艺术作品的主题或论文、演说的主题。正式用词，多指文学、艺术作品的主题或论文、演说的主题。 普通用词，含义广泛，既可指文章、讲话的题目，谈话的内普通用词，含义广泛，既可指文章、讲话的题目，谈话的内 容，又可指提纲中的标题甚至段落的主题或中心思想。容，又可指提纲中的标题甚至段落的主题或中心思想。CF: issue, theme & topicissuethemetopicDetailed Reading_t5_theme2Detailed Reading1. Capital punishment is a highly controversial . 2. Their story echoes the central in Part 1 of this book Principles. 3. Global warming and youth crime are the key in the election campaign. 4. The wedding has been the only of conversation for weeks. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.theme_issue_issues_topic_threaten:Detailed Reading_t5_threatenDetailed Readingbe a danger or threat to; seem likely (to harm, spoil, ruin, etc.)He threatened to take them to court.这一事件将有损他的声誉。这一事件将有损他的声誉。The incident threatens to ruin his reputation.apt: a. Detailed Reading_t5_aptDetailed Reading1) exactly suitable“Love at first sight” is a very apt description of how he felt when he saw her.惩罚应当与罪行相适应。惩罚应当与罪行相适应。The punishment should be apt for the crime.2) having a natural tendency to do somethingSome of the staff are apt to arrive late on Mondays.After Reading_1.1Useful ExpressionsSummary WritingOptional Classroom ActivitiesPicture TalkingProverbs and Quotations1. 大自然的王国大自然的王国the realm of nature2. 为社会利益服务为社会利益服务serve the interests of society3. 气候环境气候环境climatic conditions4. 在对在对的恐惧之中的恐惧之中in fear of5. 日常必须品日常必须品daily necessities6. 打着打着“文明文明”的旗的旗号号in the name of civilization7. 关注关注be concerned with8. 不可替代的自然资源不可替代的自然资源irreplaceable natural resources9. 动态平衡动态平衡dynamic balance10. 不祥之兆不祥之兆ominous signListening ComprehensionAfter Reading_1.213. 人工合成材料人工合成材料synthetic goods14. 从头到脚从头到脚from head to foot15.自然循环自然循环the cycle of natural processes 16. 在于在于lie in17. 直到目前直到目前as yet18. 回到我们的主题上回到我们的主题上return to our theme19.自然规律自然规律laws of nature20. 结果是结果是turn out11. 崩溃崩溃break down12. 工业废物工业废物industrial wasteUseful ExpressionsSummary WritingOptional Classroom ActivitiesPicture TalkingProverbs and QuotationsListening ComprehensionThe heat loss or gain through a glass wall is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board.After Reading_2.11Directions: Here is a passage about environmental problem. You are required to listen to the passage several times and answer the following questions. 1. When did many people in North America turn their attention to environmental problems?In the late 1960s.2. Why did they criticize skyscrapers widely?Because skyscrapers often overburden public transportation and parking lot capacities.3. What energy resource do skyscrapers consume greatly?Electric power.4. What can we learn if we compare the heat loss or gain of a glass wall and that of a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board?Useful ExpressionsSummary WritingOptional Classroom ActivitiesPicture TalkingProverbs and QuotationsListening ComprehensionAfter Reading_2.125. What may be done to lessen the strain on heating and air- conditioning equipment in a skyscraper?We may use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain.6. What negative influences may be caused by mirror-walled skyscrapers?They may raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighbouring buildings.7. What do skyscrapers put a strong burden on as is mentioned at the end of the passage?The citys sanitation facilities.Useful ExpressionsSummary WritingOptional Classroom ActivitiesPicture TalkingProverbs and QuotationsListening ComprehensionAfter Reading_2.13 In the late 1960s, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities. Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120, 000 kilowatts enough to supply the entire city of Albany, New York, for a day. Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful. The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board. To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. Useful ExpressionsSummary WritingOptional Classroom ActivitiesPicture TalkingProverbs and QuotationsListening ComprehensionAfter Reading_2.14 However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighbouring buildings. Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a citys sanitation facilities, too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each year as much as a city the size of Stanford, Connecticut , which has a population of more than 109, 000.Useful ExpressionsSummary WritingOptional Classroom ActivitiesPicture TalkingProverbs and QuotationsListening ComprehensionMan and the environment are closely related. However, man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now. A harmonious relationship between man and nature is essential for human survival on the earth. After Reading_3Directions: Write a brief summary of the text. The topic sentence of each paragraph has been done for you. Man relies on the environment for air, water and food. Man cannot live without nature at all. _As society develops, mans transformation of nature such as deforestation has greatly changed the shape and climate of his living environment. Mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources for production. The discharge of industrial wastes endangers our health and makes it more and more difficult to satisfy mans needs for the so-called replaceable such aswater_.We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, reducing industrial wastes and using renewable energy topreserve the environment for future generations_.Useful ExpressionsSummary WritingOptional Classroom ActivitiesPicture TalkingProverbs and QuotationsListening ComprehensionAfter Reading_4Directions: Work in pairs or groups to prepare a presentation on one environmental problem such as water pollution, acid rain, global warming, or hazardous wastes, etc. You may find the information you need from the Internet. Your presentation should cover the causes, effects and solutions of the environmental problem you work on. Suggested sources of information: 1. Center for Environmental Diplomacy: http :/cedsite.org/ 2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: http:/www.epa.gov/ 3. www.ce65.com (中国环境资源网) Useful ExpressionsSummary WritingOptional Classroom ActivitiesPicture TalkingProverbs and QuotationsListening ComprehensionAfter Reading_5Useful ExpressionsSummary WritingOptional Classroom ActivitiesPicture TalkingProverbs and QuotationsListening ComprehensionAfter Reading_5_1Useful ExpressionsSummary WritingOptional Classroom ActivitiesPicture TalkingProverbs and QuotationsListening ComprehensionAfter Reading_5_2Useful ExpressionsSummary WritingOptional Classroom ActivitiesPicture TalkingProverbs and QuotationsListening ComprehensionAfter Reading_5_3Useful ExpressionsSummary WritingOptional Classroom ActivitiesPicture TalkingProverbs and QuotationsListening ComprehensionAfter Reading_5_4Useful ExpressionsSummary WritingOptional Classroom ActivitiesPicture TalkingProverbs and QuotationsListening ComprehensionAfter Reading_5_5Useful ExpressionsSummary WritingOptional Classroom ActivitiesPicture TalkingProverbs and QuotationsListening ComprehensionAfter Reading_6.11. Man will conquer nature. 人定胜天。人定胜天。2. Nature is the glass reflecting truth. 大自然是反映真理的一面镜子。大自然是反映真理的一面镜子。3. Nature will have its course. 天行其道。天行其道。4. Experience is not what happens to a man; it is what a man does with what happens to him. Aldous Leonard Huxley, American writer经验不会从天而降；经验只有通过实践才能获得。经验不会从天而降；经验只有通过实践才能获得。 美国作家美国作家 A.L. 赫胥黎赫胥黎Useful ExpressionsSummary WritingOptional Classroom ActivitiesPicture TalkingProverbs and QuotationsListening ComprehensionAfter Reading_6.25. Economy the poor mans mints; extravagance the rich mans pitfall. Martin Tupper, American economist节约是穷人的造币厂，浪费是富人的陷阱。节约是穷人的造币厂，浪费是富人的陷阱。 美国经济学家美国经济学家 M. 塔珀塔珀 6. Reason is mans faculty for grasping the world by thought, in contradiction intelligence, which is mans ability to manipulate the world with the help of thought. Erich Fromm理智是人类凭借思想领会世界的能力，才智则相反，是人类借助思想把理智是人类凭借思想领会世界的能力，才智则相反，是人类借助思想把持世界的能力。持世界的能力。 埃里克埃里克弗洛姆弗洛姆Useful ExpressionsSummary WritingOptional Classroom ActivitiesPicture TalkingProverbs and QuotationsListening Comprehension