大学英语精读大学英语精读4 4第一课课文第一课课文分析分析BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby Text AppreciationText AppreciationI.Text Analysis 1. Theme2. Structure3. General Analysis4. Further Questions on AppreciationII. Writing Devices 1. Metonymy 4. Hyperbole 2. Synecdoche 5. Simile 3. Irony 6. MetaphorIII. Sentence ParaphraseBTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby I. I.Text AnalysisText AnalysisThe summary of the characteristics of the three grades of thinking Grade-threeGrade-twoGrade-onecharacteristicsexamplesIgnorance, hypocrisy, prejudice, self-satisfied, contradictionsMr. Houghton, nine tens of peopleDetecting contradictions; do not stampede easily; lag behind, a withdrawal, destroy but not createRuth, the author, (maybe) some acquaintancesTo find out what is truth, based on a logical moral systemfar and few between, only in booksthinkingThe end of General Analysis.BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby 1. What does the author mean when he say “ I dropped my hobby and turned professional”?2. Why is the author much more conclusive and informative about grade-three and grade-two thinking than about grade-one? What do you think grade-one thinking is? Have you got any indication from the essay?3. Give examples of Goldings wit. Does his sense of humor and the use of some writing devices help him achieve his purpose in this essay? Give some examples. I. I.Text AnalysisText AnalysisFurther Questions on AppreciationThe end of Text Analysis.BTLEWLBTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby II.II.Writing DevicesWriting DevicesMetonymy （转喻）In metonymy, an idea is evoked or named by means of term designating some associated notion. “It” stands for “thought” in grammar, but actually refers to Mr. Houghton, and it is vulgar to refer to a girl as a skirt.It will lecture on disinterested purity while its neck is being remorselessly twisted toward a skirt. (Para. 23)Mr. HoughtonMore examples To be continued on the next page.girlsBTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby II.II.Writing DevicesWriting Devices The burglar was in Sallys mind all day long. (burglar=some idea of the burglar) Democracy favors the vote rather than the bullet. (Vote=election, bullet=military solutions) “Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun.” (Mao Zedong refers it to the military revolution) Bill Gates is the king of operating systems worldwide. (Bill Gates = Microsoft) The pen is mightier than the sword. (pen = writer; sword = fighter)ComparisonsynecdocheTo be continued on the next page.BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby II.II.Writing DevicesWriting DevicesSynecdoche （提喻）To be continued on the next page.Synecdoche can be included in metonymy, and it refers to the substitution of the part for the whole or of the whole for the part. If we were counting heads, the Buddhists were the boys for my money. (Para. 27) (head = person) There are two mouths to feed in my family. (mouth = person) God bless the hands that prepared this food. (hand = person)BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby II.II.Writing DevicesWriting DevicesIrony （反语）To be continued on the next page.Irony is the expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect. Technically, it is about as proficient as most businessmens golf, as honest as most politicians intentions, or as coherent as most books that get written. (Para. 23) Mr. Houghton was given to high-minded monologues about the good life, sexless and full of duty. (Para. 20)BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby II.II.Writing DevicesWriting DevicesTo be continued on the next page.It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance.You could hear the wind, trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments. His body would reel with shock and his face go white at the unaccustomed visitation. He would stagger back to his desk and collapse there, useless for the rest of the morning. (Para. 19)Hyperbole （夸张）BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby II.II.Writing DevicesWriting DevicesTo be continued on the next page.Simile （明喻）It makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, words like “as”, “as. as”, “as if” and “like” are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. They all came tumbling down like so many rotten apples off a tree. (Para. 31) Man enjoys agreement as cows will graze all the same way on the side of a hill. (Para. 24)BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby II.II.Writing DevicesWriting DevicesMetaphor （暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. He seems to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck. (Para. 20) It took the swimmer some distance from the shore and left him there, out of his depth. (Para. 29)The end of Writing Devices.BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby III.III.Sentence Paraphrase 1Sentence Paraphrase 1go to 2I was not integrated, I was, if anything, disintegrated. (Para. 4)Forming a part of a harmonious groupThe direct opposite of “integrated”, and therefore means some kind of trouble maker. This is not the the way the word is normally used.on the contraryMore examples To be continued on the next page.BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby III.III.Sentence Paraphrase Sentence Paraphrase back to 1if anythinga. 如果有什么（区别）的话b. 恰恰相反 I never had to clean up after him. If anything, he did most of the cleaning. Im not ashamed of her. If anything, Im proud.BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby III.III.Sentence Paraphrase 2Sentence Paraphrase 2go to 3The muscular gentleman contemplated the hindquarters of the leopard in endless gloom. (Para. 9)To think for a long time in order to understand better in a gloomy mannerThe author expressed the boys viewing of the image of Thinker in a humorous way to show that the thinking doesnt make any sense to him.BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby The teachers glasses caught the light and therefore the boy could not see the teachers eyes. He could not have any eye contact. He could have any communication with him. The implied meaning of this sentence is that they could not communicate, not because of this but because of the teachers lack of understanding of the boy.III.III.Sentence Paraphrase 3Sentence Paraphrase 3go to 4His spectacles caught the light so that you could see nothing human behind them. There was no possibility of communication. (Para. 9)To have the light shine on it brightly and suddenlyBTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby III.III.Sentence Paraphrase 4Sentence Paraphrase 4go to 5On one occasion he headmaster leaped to his feet, reached up and put Rodins masterpiece on the desk before me. (Para. 13)to jump upTo move a hand or arm upward in order to touch, hold, or pick up sth. Also: to reach sth. down; to reach out (for); to reach intoThree parallel verb phrases are used to describe the sequence of his actions.More examples to ones feetTo be continued on the next page.BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby III.III.Sentence Paraphrase Sentence Paraphrase go back to 4to leap to ones feetto rise to ones feetto struggle to ones feetto stagger to ones feetto help sb. to ones feetto pull sb. to his feet一跃而起站起身来挣扎着站起来蹒跚而立扶某人站起来把某人拉起来to ones feet 站起来BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby III.III.Sentence Paraphrase 5Sentence Paraphrase 5go to 6Nature had endowed the rest of the human race with a sixth sense and left me out. (Para. 15)A keen intuitive (直觉的) power. Here the author means the ability to think.To provide sb. with a natural quality or talentEverybody, except me, are born with the ability to think.BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby Note the humorous effect achieved through the use of the exaggeration and formal styleIII.III.Sentence Paraphrase 6Sentence Paraphrase 6go to 7The fresh air had to struggle with difficulty to find its way to his chest because he was unaccustomed to this.He would stagger or be thrown off balanceUnable to do anything for the rest of the morningV-ed and V-ing as object complementYou could hear the wind, trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments. His body would reel with shock and his face go white at the unaccustomed visitation. He would stagger back to his desk and collapse there, useless for the rest of the morning. (Para. 19)BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby III.III.Sentence Paraphrase 7Sentence Paraphrase 7go to 8Mr. Houghton was given to high-minded monologues about the good life, sexless and full of duty. (Para. 20)To be habitually inclined to do (sth.): e.g. He is much given to blowing his own trumpet. She was given to hasty decision.a highly moral speechObviously in Mr. Houghtons clean life, there is no place for alcoholic drink, sex, and other worldly pleasures. This is, of course, ironical.BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby The author is ridiculing the contradiction between his high moral tone and the working of his genes which compels him to turn his head toward young girls.III.III.Sentence Paraphrase 8Sentence Paraphrase 8go to 9Yet in the middle of these monologues, if a girl passed the window, his neck would turn of itself and he would watch her out of sight. In this instance, he seemed to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck. (Para. 20)To turn by itself; to turn on its ownParallel structure of two prepositional phrases to show the contrastMetaphor: his sexual impulseBTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby III.III.Sentence Paraphrase 9Sentence Paraphrase 9go to 10Technically, it is about as proficient as most businessmens golf, as honest as most politicians intentions, or as coherent as most books that get written. (Para. 23)orderly, logical, and consistent relation of partsThis ironical sentence shows that the author not only considers those people incompetent, dishonest and incoherent, but also despises most businessmen, distrust most politicians and dislikes most publications.BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby III.III.Sentence Paraphrase 10Sentence Paraphrase 10go to 11I no longer consider the way grade-three thinkers think unimportant because they account for nine-tenths of the people and therefore have great power. Now I know that ignorance, prejudice and hypocrisy are very powerful enemies.I no longer dismiss lightly a mental process. (Para. 24)BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby The author thinks that it is probably human nature to enjoy agreement because it seems to bring peace, security, comfort and harmony.III.III.Sentence Paraphrase 11Sentence Paraphrase 11go to 12A crowd of grade-thinkers, all shouting the same thing, all warming their hand at the fire of their own prejudices Man enjoys agreement as cows will graze all the same way on the side of a hill. (Para. 24)All feeling very content and happy because they share the same prejudicesSimile: enjoy the peaceful, safe and harmonious environment BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby III.III.Sentence Paraphrase 12Sentence Paraphrase 12go to 13Grade-two thinkers do not stampede easily, though often they fall into the other fault and lag behind. Grade-two thinking is a withdrawal, with eyes and ears open. It destroys without having the power to create. (Para. 25)To get easily frightened and run with the crowdTo go to the other extreme, that is to act too slowly and lag behindDetachment: (冷漠) as from social or emotional involvement; refusing to be part of the crowd.BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby III.III.Sentence Paraphrase 13Sentence Paraphrase 13Too much attention or excitement to unimportant thingsto replacepay, rewardIt made me watch people shouting in joy and support of the King and wonder what this senseless excitement was all about although I did not have anything good to replace this exciting or intoxicating patriotism. But I did get something out of it.object complementgo to 14It set me watching the crowds cheering His Majesty the King and asking myself what all the fuss was about, without giving me anything positive to put in the place of that heady patriotism. But there were compensations. (Para.25)BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby III.III.Sentence Paraphrase 14Sentence Paraphrase 14She claimed that the Bible was literally inspired. I countered by saying that the Catholics believed in the literal inspiration of Saint Jeromes Vulgate and the two books were different. Argument flagged. (Para. 26)A true historical recordThe Latin translation of the Bible, used in a revised form as the Roman Catholic authorized versionto become dull“Both Methodists and Catholics believed that their Books are a true record of the Gods divine plan.” The author used this example to defy Ruths illogical opinion, therefore the argument became dull because Ruth didnt know how to respond to it. go to 15BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby III.III.Sentence Paraphrase 15Sentence Paraphrase 15go to 16That was too easy, said I restively since there were more Roman Catholics than Methodists anyway; (Para. 27)restlessly, difficult to control ones emotionHere, the author pointed out Ruths logical error. The number of people who hold a view is no proof of its validity.BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby Note the authors description of the contrasting combination of his intimate action and strong defiant expressions, which eventually made Ruth withdraw and give up as a grade-two thinker.III.III.Sentence Paraphrase 16Sentence Paraphrase 16go to 17I would bet on the Buddhists; I am sure, they are greater in numberMore than she could accept or bearIf we were talking about the number of people who believe in this I slid my arm around her waist and murmured that if we were counting heads, the Buddhists were the boys for my money. She fled. The combination of me arm and those countless Buddhists was too much for her. (Para. 27)BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby III.III.Sentence Paraphrase 17Sentence Paraphrase 17go to 18I was given the third degree to find out what had happened. I lost Ruth and gained an undeserved reputation as a potential libertine. (Para. 28)To be severely questioned or interrogatedThe author lost his girlfriend and won a bad name even as a grade-two thinker, satisfying himself by finding out deficiencies but not seeking for the truth. Note the effect of the authors self-mockery. BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby III.III.Sentence Paraphrase 18Sentence Paraphrase 18go to 19To make one fell proud of ones ability and clevernessTo be in the water that is too deep for you to stand in and breatheThe author uses this metaphor to express the idea that grade-two thinking has its limitations. It does not have anything positive to offer.To find out the deficiencies of our elders satisfies the young ego but does not make for personal security. It took the swimmer some distance from the shore and left him there, out of his depth. (Para. 29)BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby III.III.Sentence Paraphrase 19Sentence Paraphrase 19I came up in the end with what must always remain the justification for grade-one thinking. I devised a coherent system for living. It was a moral system, which was wholly logical. (Para. 31)According to the author, grade-one thinking must be based on a coherent and logical system for living, in other words, a moral system, without which you cannot prove yourself to be a grade-one thinker. Judging by the context, this system probably refers to ones world outlook and basic political beliefs and moral principles.go to 20BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby III.III.Sentence Paraphrase 20Sentence Paraphrase 20go to 21repeatedWhat had happened to Ruth and me now happened again. My grade-two thinking frightened away many of my acquaintances.It was Ruth all over again. I had some very good friends who stood by me, and still do. But my acquaintances vanished, taking the girls with them. (Para. 32) BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby In those prewar days when many people were fully worked up to a political frenzy, it was very dangerous to voice different opinions. You might lose friends or your job.III.III.Sentence Paraphrase 21Sentence Paraphrase 21go to 22Had the game gone too far? In those prewar days, I stood to lose a great deal, for the sake of a hobby. (Para. 33)To go beyond what is reasonable and acceptableHis grade-two thinking which he takes as a hobby To be likely to loseBTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby III.III.Sentence Paraphrase 22Sentence Paraphrase 22go to 23Now you are expecting me to describe how I saw the folly of my ways and came back to the warm nest (Para. 34)Now you think I will tell you how I gradually saw my stupidity in being a grade-two thinker and therefore decided to give it up and return to the majority of grade-three thinkers.BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby III.III.Sentence Paraphrase 23Sentence Paraphrase 23The end of Sentence Paraphrase.But you would be wrong. I dropped my hobby and turned professional. (Para. 35)But you guessed wrong. I did not drop my hobby of thinking ( here, we can say he might give up the hobby of grade-two thinking). Instead I went further and became a professional thinker.BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby Part ThreePart ThreeThis is the end of Part Three. Please click HOME to visit other parts.结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！44