Unit 4EarthquakesSection Warming Up & Reading一、在空格处填上适当的词概括课文The passage shows what happened (1)_ ， du-ringand after the Tangshan earthquake in 1976.The earthquake caused aterrible (2)_ of life and a serious (3)_ to thecitys buildings, but all hope (4)_ lost, for the army andrescue workers rushed to (5)_before loss destruction wasnt help 二、根据课文内容，选择最佳答案1Before the earthquake people were asleep as usual because_.DAthey didnt notice anything strange happeningBthey knew well about earthquakesCsomething strange happened in many placesDthey didnt realize the arrival of an earthquakeB2When did the earthquake happen?_.AOn the night of July 28th, 1976.BOn the morning of July 28th, 1976.COn the afternoon of July 28th, 1976.DThe writer didnt tell us.3Which is TRUE according to the passage?_.BA People paid much attention to those strange things beforethe earthquake.BBefore the earthquake animals became nervous.CAfter the earthquake water was needed because there wasno water in dams and wells.D After the earthquake the people in Tangshan lost all hopebecause they were homeless.4What does the sentence “Slowly, the city began to breatheagain.” mean?_.AA The city will not die; it has hope and it can recover fromthe pain.BThe army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help people.CHundreds of thousands of people were helped.DMost of the 10,000 miners were rescued.5What does “shocked” in the third paragraph mean?_.CAShaken.CAppalled (震惊的).BUnpleasant.DVery upset.DBAC四、课文内容复述Before Tangshan earthquake, strange things happened and a(1)_ (smell) gas came out from the cracks of wells andanimals became nervous.At 3 ： 42 am, everything began to(2)_The city lay in (3)_ in just fifteenseconds.Many people, (4)_ (include) workers anddoctors, came to rescue those (5)_ (trap) under theruins.Later that afternoon, (6)_ big quake struck Tangshan,killing, injuring more people (7)_ making more buildingsfall down.Soldiers were called (8)_ to help the rescueworkers and teams (9)_ (organize) to dig outthe trapped and (10)_ the dead.smelly shake ruins including trapped another and in were organized bury For three days the water in the village wells rose andfell, rose and fell.一连三天，村子里的井水都时高时低。1rise点拨(1)vi.上升；起立；起床；增长The sun has not risen yet.太阳还未升起。(2)n.上升；上涨；升起There will be a rise in unemployment next year.明年的失业率将会上升。拓展rise in price 涨价at the rise of the sun 日出之时辨析rise/raise(1)rise (rose, risen)为不及物动词，指自然“上升”，常用于日、月、烟雾、物价、温度、河水及人的职位等的上升，不带宾语，不可以用于被动语态。(2)raise (raised, raised) 为及物动词，多指外部的力量使其“举起；提高”，后带宾语，可以用于被动语态。运用用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空After the heavy rain the river _ by three meters.The workers asked their boss to _ their wages.rose raise In the city, the water pipes in some buildings crackedand burst.在市区里，有些楼房里的水管爆裂了。2burst点拨(1)vi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆发That balloon will burst if you blow it up any more.你再给气球充气，它就会爆了。(2)n.C突然破裂；爆发a burst in the water pipe 水管爆裂a sudden burst of anger 怒火的迸发拓展运用burst into sth.burst out doing sth.突然爆发出用适当的介词填空 The little boy was so frightened that he burst _crying.The audience gave a burst _ applause.That quiet girl suddenly burst _ tears.out of intoIt seemed as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！3at an end 结束；终结典例拓展Eventually the war was at an end.战争终于结束了。at the end (of) 在末端by the end of.到为止in the end 最后draw to an end (快要)结束come to an end 结束put an end to sth.bring sth.to an end 使某事终止运用用 end 及其构成的短语的适当形式填空The year was _ to an end.You must _ the quarrel.You must bring the quarrel _.Go straight and youll find the hospital _the road.The long hot summer was at last _.HowmanyEnglishwordshaveyoulearned_ this term?Heworkshard;Ithinkhewillmakeprogress_.drawing/comingput an end to to an end at the end ofat an end/drawing to anend/coming to an endby the end of in the end In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的 15 秒钟内，一座大城市就成了一片废墟。4ruin点拨(1)n.pl.废墟；U毁灭the ruins of an ancient castle 一座古代城堡的废墟(2)vt.毁灭；使破产(强调倒塌成为碎片；也可以指健康、价值受严重的损害或断送前途)The storm ruined the crops.风暴摧毁了庄稼。拓展(1)be/lie in ruins 变成废墟(强调状态)The houses across the street were in ruins.街对面的房子成了一片废墟。(2)fall into ruingo to ruin 毁坏；瓦解(强调动作)He had let the farm fall into ruin/go to ruin.他任由农场渐渐变成废墟。运用完成句子This village _ (成了一片废墟) afterthe war. How can you stand by and watch the country_ (走向灭亡)?was/lay in ruins fall into ruin/go to ruinTwo-thirds of them died or were injured during theearthquake.三分之二的人在地震中死亡或受伤。5injure vt.损害；伤害典例They were seriously/badly injured in the crash.他们在碰撞中受了重伤。辨析injure/harm/hurt/wound(1)injure 一般指由于意外事故而受伤。如：He had one leg injured in a car accident.在一场车祸中他的一条腿受伤了。(2)harm 多指精神上的伤害以及对健康、权利、事业等无形的伤害。如：Dont harm your eyes by reading in dim light.不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损害眼睛。(3)hurt 是一般用语，既可指肉体上的伤痛，也可指精神上的伤害，还可指对利益等造成损害或不良影响。如：He hurt his back when he fell.他跌倒时伤了后背。Im sorry I didnt mean to hurt you.对不起，我不是故意要伤害你的感情。High interest rate has hurt many companies.高利率已使众多公司受损。(4)wound 指外伤，多指枪伤、刀伤、剑伤等，尤指在战争或战斗中受伤。如：The soldier was badly wounded in the head.那位战士头部受了重伤。运用用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空The man who _ his leg in a traffic accident isstill in hospital.In the battle, hundreds of soldiers were _ andsome were even killed.Reading in the sun will _ your eyes.How could you _ her feeling?injured/hurt wounded harm hurt Everywhere they looked nearly everything wasdestroyed.人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。6destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭典例辨析A fire destroyed the house.一场火烧毁了这所房子。destroy/ruin/damage(1)destroy 既可表示在物质上对某物进行完全的毁坏，使之无法复原，也可表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上彻底摧毁。如：Please destroy it after reading.看完后请销毁。The partial criticism may destroy the child.偏颇的批评会毁了这孩子。(2)ruin 指对某物彻底的破坏，往往指在一定过程中逐渐毁掉，也常用于对抽象事物的破坏。如：You will ruin the opportunity of the job if you wear that shirtto the interview.穿那件衬衫面试，你会失去得到这份工作的机会。(3)damage 常指进行局部的破坏、损坏，并可以修复。如：The car was badly damaged in the accident.那辆车在事故中被严重毁坏。运用用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空The heavy rain _ our holiday.Mr.Smith is repairing his car which was _.The earthquake _ his house.He becamehomeless.ruined damaged destroyedPeople were shocked.人们非常震惊。7shock点拨(1)vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动They were shocked by her rudeness.他们因她的无礼而震惊。(2)n.休克；打击；震惊The news of his death was a shock to us.他去世的消息令我们震惊。拓展be shocked at/by (doing) sth.对(做)某事感到震惊be shocked to do sth.对做某事很震惊be shocked that.对震惊be a shock to sb.对某人来说是一个打击运用完成句子We were all _ ( 对感到震惊) her death.It was _ (对我来说是个打击)to be told that bad news.Everyone _ ( 感到震惊) seesuch a wonderful building.shocked at/by a shock to me was shocked toSome of the rescue workers and doctors were trappedunder the ruins.一些救援人员和医生被困在了废墟下面。8rescue点拨(1)n.C援救；营救The lifeboat was involved in four rescues last week.这艘救生艇上周参加了四次营救任务。(2)vt.援救；营救Firefighters worked for five hours to rescue people from thebus.消防队员们奋战五小时把人们从公共汽车里救了出来。拓展rescue sb./sth.from 从救出某人/物come/go to the rescuecome/go to ones rescue 营救某人；帮助某人运用用 rescue 及其构成的短语的适当形式填空 They successfully _ all the children_ the burning building.The boy was floating on the sea for hours before the soldiercame to _.rescued from the/his rescue9trap点拨(1)vt.使陷于困境 (常用于被动语态)Twenty miners were trapped underground.20 个矿工被困在地下。(2)n.C陷阱；困境They set a trap for fish along the river.他们沿河设置了陷阱来捕鱼。拓展be trapped (in) 陷入困境；被困住trap sb.into (doing) sth.诱使某人做某事fall into the trap of doing sth.掉进做某事的陷阱中set a trap for sb.为某人设置陷阱运用完成句子We _ ( 被 困 住 ) by the rising floodwater.She had _ (设置陷阱) for him and hehad walked straight into it.were trapped set a trap 本课时词汇拓展词汇构词法小结nation n民族；国家；国民national adj.国家的；民族的1._和_为形容词后缀，表示“具有属性或倾向；与相关”。如：beautifuleducational 教育的。2_为形容词后缀，表示“多的”。如：cloudy3_和_为名词后缀，表示“性质，状态，程度”。如：reality 现实， history 历史。4_为否定后缀，表示“非的”。如：hopeless5_为名词后缀，表示从事某项工作的人。如：shooter 射手。dirt n污垢；泥土dirty adj.肮脏的；下流的injure vt.损害；伤害injury n损害；伤害；受伤处electricity n电；电流；电学electric adj.电的；电动的；带电的mine n矿；矿山；矿井miner n矿工useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的use v& n用；使用；利用useful adj.有用的美丽的，多云的。绝望的。运用用所给单词的适当形式填空1 Because of the colorful _ culture, I love the_ with heart and soul.(nation)2Please wipe the _ off the table.The room looks_ with the table.(dirt)3Most people protect themselves from _ for theirself-esteem ( 自 尊 ), because they think if their self-esteem is_ greatly, they will feel upset.(injure)national nationdirt dirtyinjury injured4_ can be found everywhere.Sometimes youmay get an _ shock by touching an unsafesocket.(electricity)5Dont consider this small nail _.As a matter offact, it is of great _ when in need.(useless)6These _ work hard in the deep _ allyear round.(mine)Electricity electric useless use miners mine1It seemed as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！点拨本句是个复合句，含有一个 as if 引导的表语从句，其句型为“It looks/seems/sounds/feels as if.”。其中 it 本身无词义，常与 look, seem, feel, sound, smell 等连系动词连用。拓展(1)as if 常可以和 as though 互换，意为“仿佛；好像”。如：It looks/seems as if you have got no experience.It looks/seems as though you have got no expe-rience.看来你似乎并没有经验。(2)as if 引导的从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示不真实或极少有可能发生或存在的情况：若表示与现在事实相反的主观设想，动词用过去式(be 动词用 were，适用于各种人称)；若表示与过去事实相反的主观设想，动词用“had过去分词”形式。如：He acts as if he were smoking.他的举动好像在抽烟。(其实不是)They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们谈话的样子好像他们是多年的好朋友。(其实不是)(3)as if 引导的从句也可用陈述语气，表示说话者认为陈述的事情是真实的或极可能发生或存在的。如：It sounds as if someone is coming.听起来似乎有人来了。(很可能存在)运用完成句子It _ ( 听 起 来 似 乎 ) someone_ ( 正 在 敲 ) the door when it blowsstrongly.It _( 看起来好像) it_ (下了雨) but it was sunny.It looks as if _( 她 已 经 出 去 ) for a few days, because the table is covered withdirt.sounds as if/though were knocking atlooks as if/though had rained she has been out 2One-third of the nation felt it.全国三分之一的地方都有震感。点拨句子的主语用了分数表示法。英语中的分数表示规则为：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于 1 时，分母词尾要加-s，分子和分母中间可以用连字符，也可不用。如：三分之一one third 或 one-third 或 a third三分之二two thirds 或 two-thirds拓展当分数作句子主语时，谓语的单复数由分数后面名词的单复数来决定。如：One third of the apple has rotted.这个苹果的三分之一烂了。One third of the apples have rotted.这些苹果中三分之一烂了。运用用所给单词的适当形式填空Two-thirds of the cotton _ (send) to America twodays ago.One third of the students _ (have) their readingclass in the morning every day.was sent have 3 Everywhere they looked nearly everything wasdestroyed.人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。点拨everywhere 作从属连词，引导地点状语从句，相当于 wherever 或 no matter where。如：Everywhere/Wherever/No matter where he goes, he gets warmwelcome.无论他走到哪里都受到热烈的欢迎。拓展every time, each time, the moment, anywhere 也可作连词引导状语从句。如：Each time I saw him, I thought of his poor brother.每次看见他，我就想起了他可怜的弟弟。运用完成句子_(无论他旅行到哪里), he will take photos of beautiful sights._ (我看到他的那一刻),my heart was broken.Everywhere/Wherever/No matter where he travelsThe moment I saw him4All hope was not lost.并非所有的希望都破灭了。点拨该句使用了部分否定的句子结构。部分否定是由表示 “ 全 体 ” 意 义 的 代 词 、 副 词 或 形 容 词 all, both, every,everybody, always 等和否定副词 not 连用构成的。如：Everyone doesnt like the story.Not everyone likes the story.并非每个人都喜欢这个故事。Both of the students dont like the story.并非这两个学生都喜欢这个故事。拓展如要对上述的 all, both, every, always 等词作完全否定，那就分别要用与之相对应的全否定词，如 no, none, neither,no one, never, not (never).at all 等。如：All of them can do it.他们每个人都能做这件事。None of them can do it.没有一个人能做这件事。He is always late.他经常迟到。He is never late.他从不迟到。运用完成句子_ ( 并非这两个学生都) like the story._ (这两个学生都不)like the story._ ( 这些学生没有一个) like the story.Both of the students dont Neither of the students None of the students