Unit 1 Great ScientistsThere are some great scientific achievements that have changed the world. Can you name some of them? Match the inventions with their inventors below.Warming Up:Alexander Bell electricity Thomas Edison the First telephoneLaite Brothers the electric LampMadame Curie black holes in UniverseFranklin Theory of GravityStephen Hawking the First PlaneElbert Einstein RadiumIsaac Newton the Theory of RelativityDo you know?Who discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?ArchimedesCharles DarwinWho invented the first steam engine?Thomas NewcomenWho used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?Gregor MendelWho discovered radium?Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?Marie CurieThomas EdisonLeonardo da VinciWho invented a lamp to keep miner safe underground?Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?Who put forward a theory about black holes?Sir Humphrey DavyZhang HengStephen HawkingWho is the father of super hybrid rice?Yuan LongpingDo you know who defeated “King Cholera”?John SnowJohn Snow is a well-known doctor in the 19th century in London and he defeated “King Cholera”.Do you know what kind of disease is cholera?It is a kind of terrible disease caused by drinking dirty water and it caused a lot of deaths in the old times and it was very difficult to defeat.Lets get to know how Dr. John Snow defeated “King Cholera” in 1854 in London in this reading passage: John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”What happened in 1854?How many people died in 10 days?Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street?Cholera outbreak hit London.500These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.Task 1:Skim and ScanTask 2: Read and answer1 Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first?2 Which theory did John Snow believe in?3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by _. A. gathering information with the help of a map B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street C. Separating those who suffered cholera from those who didnt D. Both A and B4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do?1 Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first?2 Which theory did John Snow believe in?Neither its cause, not its cure was understood.People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by _. A. gathering information with the help of a map B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street C. separating those who suffered cholera from those who didnt D. both A and B4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do? Suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined. Instructed the water companies not to expose people to the polluted water anymore.1.Draw a conclusion:(得出结论得出结论) 2.Think of a method:(找出研究方法找出研究方法)3.Collect results:(收集材料收集材料)4.Make up a question:(形成研究主题形成研究主题)5.Find a problem:(发现问题发现问题)6.Analyse results:(分析材料分析材料)7. Find supporting evidence(找到能确证的证找到能确证的证据据)5 423671stages in examining a new scientific ideaJohn Snow Defeats “King Cholera”The passage is written as a report of an experiment and there are 7 steps:1.Find a problem:(发现问题发现问题)2.Make up a question:(形成研究主题形成研究主题)3.Think of a method:(找出研究方法找出研究方法)4.Collect results:(收集材料收集材料)5.Analyse results:(分析材料分析材料)6.Find supporting evidence(找到能确证的证据找到能确证的证据)7.Draw a conclusion:(得出结论得出结论)Steps:What/How?1.Find a problem2.Make up a question3.Think of a method4.Collect resultsJohn Snow Defeats “King Cholera”What causes cholera?Which theory is correct?Gather information when another Cholera hit London in 1854.He marked on a map where all the dead people had lived.6. Find supporting evidence7.Make a conclusion5.Analyse resultsLooked into the source of the water.Two other deaths.The water is to blame. The source of all drinking water should be examined.Read the passage again and fill in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _ in London in the _ century. He wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it. In 1854 when a cholera _ out, he began to gather information. He _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokemarkedpumpsourceexamineddealing (in 5 minutes)Read the passage again and finish Ex. 1(Page 3). (in 8 minutes)John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”Language Language points pointsFind the phrases in the passage.1、提出、提出 2、传染病、传染病3、科学研究、科学研究4、得出结论、得出结论5、分析结果、分析结果6、对、对产生兴趣产生兴趣7、被传染的人、被传染的人8、信仰、信仰9、查清楚、查清楚10、调查、调查11、水源、水源12、使慢下来、使慢下来13、另外、另外14、把、把和和联系联系起来起来15、死于、死于16、毫无疑问地、毫无疑问地17、阻止、阻止做做18、处理、处理put forwardinfectious diseasesscientific research draw a conclusionanalyze the resultsget interested in the affected people believe in find out 1、提出、提出 2、传染病、传染病3、科学研究、科学研究4、得出结论、得出结论5、分析结果、分析结果6、对、对产生兴趣产生兴趣7、被传染的人、被传染的人8、信仰、信仰9、查清楚、查清楚look into the source of water slow down in addition linkto die of with certaintypreventfrom deal with 10、调查、调查11、水源、水源12、使慢下来、使慢下来13、另外、另外14、把、把和和联联系起来系起来15、死于、死于16、毫无疑问地、毫无疑问地17、阻止、阻止做做18、处理、处理 Language Points1.discover & inventdiscover v. “ 发现发现“,被探索或被揭示物老早就客观被探索或被揭示物老早就客观存在着存在着.Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布于哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲年发现了美洲.Who discovered radium? 谁发现了镭谁发现了镭?invent v. “发明发明”,指的是发明原先不存在的东西指的是发明原先不存在的东西.Who invented the steam engine? 谁发明了蒸汽机谁发明了蒸汽机?2.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?是谁发明了把电带给大城市是谁发明了把电带给大城市中的每个人的办法中的每个人的办法?the way of doing sth.= the way to do “做做.的方法的方法”She showed us the way of cleaning it.= She showed us the way to clean it.她给我们示范清洗它的办法她给我们示范清洗它的办法.the way引导的定语从句的引导词有三种引导的定语从句的引导词有三种, 可以用可以用that;可以可以用用in which;还可以省略还可以省略.I dont like the way (that/ in which) you speak to your father.我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式. 与与way相关的短语相关的短语:by the way 顺便说顺便说 by way of 通过通过的方法的方法lose ones way 迷路迷路 no way (俚语俚语) 没门没门,别想别想feel ones way 摸黑走摸黑走,谨慎从事谨慎从事on ones way to在去在去的路上的路上in this way=by this means=with this method用这种方法用这种方法3.Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出了黑洞的理论谁提出了黑洞的理论?put forward(1) to offer (an idea, suggestion etc.) for consideration 提出提出(建议等建议等)(2)推荐某人或自己任职位推荐某人或自己任职位;提名提名May I put your name forward as our monitor?我能否提名你当我们我能否提名你当我们的班长的班长?put away 抛弃抛弃;舍弃舍弃 put down 写下来写下来;记入名单记入名单;put on 穿上穿上;戴上戴上;增加增加 put off 耽误耽误;延期延期put out 熄灭熄灭(灯灯);扑灭扑灭 (火火) put up 建立建立;建造建造put up with 忍受忍受 You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _ the books when youve finished with them.A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off1. put forward 1. put forward 提出提出put down put down put off put off put away put away put on put on put out put out 放下，记下放下，记下推迟，延期推迟，延期放好放好穿上，穿上， 上演上演扑灭扑灭Ex. Fill in the blanks.Ex. Fill in the blanks.1.1.The manager _ a good idea to solve the problem.The manager _ a good idea to solve the problem.2.2.Tom, could you please _ toys and books ? Tom, could you please _ toys and books ? They are everywhere. They are everywhere.3. The big fire was _ an hour later. 3. The big fire was _ an hour later. 4. The match has _ because of the rain. 4. The match has _ because of the rain. 5. Time was up for the test. So all the students _ 5. Time was up for the test. So all the students _ their pens and turned in their papers. their pens and turned in their papers.6. The man _ his best hat and went to the station.6. The man _ his best hat and went to the station.put forwardput forwardput awayput awayput output outbeen put offbeen put offput downput downput onput on4.This was the most deadly disease of its day.die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.)deadly adj. 1.dangerous; likely to cause death 危险的危险的;致命的致命的 a deadly disease/weapon 2. highly effective against sth. or someone 强有力的强有力的;致致命的命的 a deadly remark 击中要害的评论击中要害的评论3. aiming to kill or destroy意在杀死的意在杀死的;不共戴天的不共戴天的: a deadly enemy不共戴天的敌人不共戴天的敌人adv. 1. Very极度极度;非常非常;十分十分: deadly serious 十分认真十分认真 2. like death 死一般地死一般地: deadly pale 死一般苍白死一般苍白2. attend2. attend1) 1) 专心专心 , , 处理处理 attend to attend to sthsth. . 2 2）照顾照顾 attend to sb. / attend to sb. / sthsth3) 3) 治疗，护理治疗，护理, , 照料照料attend (on ) sb.attend (on ) sb. 4 4）出席，参加出席，参加 attend a meetingattend a meeting attend school attend school ( (入学）入学）He attended to his business.He attended to his business.If you go out , who will attend to the If you go out , who will attend to the baby?baby?I didnt attend his wedding on Sunday I didnt attend his wedding on Sunday because I was too busy.because I was too busy.他他专心于他的事务。专心于他的事务。如果你出去，谁照顾婴儿呢？如果你出去，谁照顾婴儿呢？星期天我没出席他的婚礼因为太忙了。星期天我没出席他的婚礼因为太忙了。Exercises q 她岁就她岁就上学了。上学了。q一位好医生在医院里给我看病。一位好医生在医院里给我看病。q你能马上处理这件事吗？你能马上处理这件事吗？She attended school at the age of five.A good doctor attended (on) me in hospital.Can you attend to this matter right away ?3. ease v . 减轻，舒缓减轻，舒缓This medicine can ease pain.The relationship between these two countries has eased. 这种药能镇痛缓解痛楚。这种药能镇痛缓解痛楚。两国的关系已经得到缓和。两国的关系已经得到缓和。q ease ones mind = put sb. at (ones) ease 使使某人安心某人安心 她说她说的话使大家安下心来。的话使大家安下心来。 What she said eased everyones mind. What she said put everyone at ease.5.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.在句中是过去分词作后置定语在句中是过去分词作后置定语,表示被动表示被动.意为意为“患霍乱的患霍乱的”.如如:The book written by Luxun is very popular.expose v.(1)to make visible 暴露暴露 “expose .to.”(2)He exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下他把皮肤暴露在阳光下.(3)(2)to reveal the guilt or wrong doing of 揭露揭露;揭发揭发(4)He exposed their plot.他揭穿了他们的阴谋他揭穿了他们的阴谋.(5)I threatened to expose him ( to the police).我威胁要我威胁要(向向警察警察)揭发他揭发他.expose to 使易受使易受,使受使受 expose a fraud 揭穿揭穿骗局骗局expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于把某事暴露于光天化日之下光天化日之下The disc, in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded5. cure v. / n. 治愈治愈, 治疗治疗 This kind of medicine cant cure him of his headache.He went to the city for a cure in a famous hospital.这种药治不了他的头痛。这种药治不了他的头痛。他到他到城里一家有名的医院治疗。城里一家有名的医院治疗。v. n.q 科学家们在寻找一种治疗禽流感的方法。科学家们在寻找一种治疗禽流感的方法。 Scientists are searching for a method to cure bird flu. Scientists are searching for a method to cure bird flu. 6. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时就有大批惊慌的每次爆发霍乱时就有大批惊慌的老百姓病死老百姓病死.every time是连词是连词,引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句,意为意为“每次每次,每当每当”,如如:Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us.每次见到他每次见到他,我就想起发生在我们我就想起发生在我们之间的事情之间的事情.immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等都可以作等都可以作连词连词,引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句,意为意为“一一就就”,如如:I will give the letter to him immediately I see him.我一见我一见到他就把这封信给他到他就把这封信给他.I came directly I got your letter.我一接到你的信就来了我一接到你的信就来了.6. controlv v. . 统治，控制统治，控制He tried to control his anger. He tried to control his anger. 他尽量控制自己的愤怒。他尽量控制自己的愤怒。n. n. 统治，控制统治，控制 , , 掌握掌握 in control ofin control of指导；支配指导；支配He was in control of the car.他负责这辆小汽车。他负责这辆小汽车。under the control ofunder the control of 被被控制着控制着( go ) out of control ( go ) out of control 失控失控q 他的钱是由他他的钱是由他妻子掌管的。妻子掌管的。q 那辆车失去控制撞在墙上。那辆车失去控制撞在墙上。His money is under the control of his wife.His money is under the control of his wife.The car went out of control and hit the wall. The car went out of control and hit the wall. 7.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中无缘无第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中无缘无故地繁殖着故地繁殖着.(Suggest 用法参考用法参考P43.4,并完成相关的练并完成相关的练习习)8.absorb v. 吸收吸收(液体液体);承受承受;承担承担 (费用等费用等)Use the cloth to absorb the spilled ink. 吸干撒的墨水吸干撒的墨水We will not absorb these charges.我们不能承担这些费用我们不能承担这些费用.absorbin/by.吸引注意吸引注意 I was absorbed in a book and didnt hear you call.专心专心看书看书absorbinto吸收吸收The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.这家大公司逐渐将这这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。些小的公司吞并了。8. severe = serious = serious 严厉的，严格的严厉的，严格的 = very harmful = very harmful 剧烈的剧烈的 be severe with = be strict with be severe with = be strict with 对对要求严格要求严格His severe looks frightened me.His severe looks frightened me. 他的严厉表情使我恐慌。他的严厉表情使我恐慌。He has a severe pain in his leg.He has a severe pain in his leg. 他的脚痛得厉害。他的脚痛得厉害。q 他对自己要求很严格。他对自己要求很严格。 He is very severe with himself. He is very severe with himself. 9. valuable 9. valuable a a. . 贵重的，重要的，有用的贵重的，重要的，有用的be valuable to sb.be valuable to sb. 对某人有价值对某人有价值be valuable for be valuable for sthsth. . 对对有用有用value value n n. . 价值价值valuable = of great value valuable = of great value q 他给我们提供了宝贵的信息。他给我们提供了宝贵的信息。q这本书对我的学习很有价值。这本书对我的学习很有价值。q 电脑对储存资料很有用。电脑对储存资料很有用。He provided us with valuable information.He provided us with valuable information. This book is valuable to me in my studies. This book is valuable to me in my studies. This book is of great value to me in my studies. This book is of great value to me in my studies.Computer is valuable for storing information.Computer is valuable for storing information.10. blame 责备，指责，归咎于责备，指责，归咎于blame sb. (for blame sb. (for sthsth. ). )blame blame sthsth. on sb. on sb.They blamed him for everything .They blamed him for everything . 他们样样事都指责他。他们样样事都指责他。He blamed it on me.He blamed it on me. 他怪我不好。他怪我不好。q 警察把这个事故的责任归咎那个司机。警察把这个事故的责任归咎那个司机。q他把比赛失败归咎于自己。他把比赛失败归咎于自己。The police blamed the accident on the driver. The police blamed the accident on the driver. He blamed himself for the loss of the match.He blamed himself for the loss of the match.11. handle11. handlen. n. 把手，把手， 柄柄v.v. 操作，操作， 处理，管理，处理，管理， 拿拿the handle of the doorthe handle of the doorhandle the businesshandle the businesshandle an argument handle an argument handle the food handle the food 门的门的把手把手管理业务管理业务处理一场争论处理一场争论拿拿食物食物12. in addition 除此之外，另外，并且除此之外，另外，并且in addition to = besides in addition to = besides 除此之外除此之外还有还有In addition to English , he has to study a In addition to English , he has to study a second foreign language.second foreign language. 除了英语之外，他还必须学习第二外语。除了英语之外，他还必须学习第二外语。In addition , I work for the computer In addition , I work for the computer computer in my spare time.computer in my spare time. 此外，我还在业余时间要电脑公司工作。此外，我还在业余时间要电脑公司工作。 q She can sing songs in English _ She can sing songs in English _ in Japanese. in Japanese.q The doctor found another way of curing the The doctor found another way of curing the cancer _. cancer _. in addition toin addition toin additionin addition13. linkto 把把与与连接连接/ 联系联系Scientists have linked smoking to cancer. 科学家已经把吸烟与癌症联系起来。科学家已经把吸烟与癌症联系起来。q 这条铁路把上海和北京连接起来。这条铁路把上海和北京连接起来。 The railway links Shanghai to Beijing. 14. announce 宣布，发表，宣布，发表， 告知告知显示显示， 预告预告/ / 示示The government announced its new economic The government announced its new economic policies. policies. 政府发布了新的经济政策。政府发布了新的经济政策。The strong wind announced the coming of a The strong wind announced the coming of a big storm.big storm. 强风预示着一场大风暴的来临。强风预示着一场大风暴的来临。q这则消息经由电视向大众宣布。这则消息经由电视向大众宣布。 The news was announced to the public on The news was announced to the public on TV.TV.Choose the right one for the blanks.believe in, deal with , preventfrom , believe in, deal with , preventfrom , with certainty, die of , in addition , look with certainty, die of , in addition , look intointo1.1.The police are _ all the records of The police are _ all the records of the man.the man.2.2._, the course also provides _, the course also provides practical experience.practical experience.3.3.He _ him and let him handle all his He _ him and let him handle all his business. business. 4.4.The government is doing something to The government is doing something to _ the polluted water._ the polluted water.5.5.The old man _ hunger and cold. The old man _ hunger and cold. 6.6.You should _ your child _ You should _ your child _ going out at night.going out at night.7.7.He was the first to work out the problem He was the first to work out the problem _. _. looking intolooking intoIn additionIn additionbelieved inbelieved indeal withdeal withdied ofdied ofprevent fromprevent fromwith certaintywith certaintyP42.Using Words And Expressions1. In the twenty-first century, educated people find it difficult to believe that living conditions in the nineteenth century _ people _ serious illnesses. The reports of many doctors _ illness _ drinking polluted water. However, one hundred years ago people did not connect a disease to the environment. So they did not _ the companies that supplied dirty water. The doctors found that the dirtier the water, the more _ the illness. It was only later when people began to _ the water and _ its quality that they_ the idea that cholera was _ from the air. It was only when everybody began to attack the dirty conditions that cholera was _ and was not a problem any more.exposeexaminesevereblame tolinktoabsorbedrejectedtestdefeated1Great scientistsReading & WritingWarming upDo you know what is the center of the solar system?Fast readingListen to the tape, and find out the answers to the questions.1. What did Copernicus think was the center of the solar system?2.When did Copernicus publish his theory?Reading Copernicus Revolutionary TheoryCareful readingWhy didnt Copernicus publish his theory before he died?P7. 1.Use the reading to help you draw the two theories of the universe.Before Copernicus theoryA diagram showing the solar system with the earth at its centreShowing Copernicus theoryA diagram showing the solar system with the sun at its centre Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer (1473-1543). Born in Torun, he began his university studies in Krakow in 1491, where he studied canon law and Latin and Greek classics. However he also had an interest in mathematics and astronomy. After obtaining his degree of Doctor of Canon Law (教会法教会法规博士学位博士学位)in Italy in 1503, Copernicus returned home to Warmia in Poland to serve as Canon (=priest) . In 1530, Copernicus completed his great work De Revolutionibus (天体运行天体运行论).Copernicus knew that these findings would lead him into trouble with the Roman Catholic Church (罗马天主教教徒罗马天主教教徒), so he wasin no hurry to publish his theory. He only published it as he lay dying in 1543. Though Copernicus did not live to hear of its extraordinary impact, the book which first suggested that the Sun, not the Earth, is the centre of the universe is now recognized as one of the most influential scientific works of all time. Adapted from http:/www.library.rdg.ac.uk/colls/special/featureditem/copernicus/1. Surf the Internet and get more information about Copernicus. http:/www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/Science/Copernicus.htm2. RevisionListening (P5)1. Qian Xuesen first studied to be an engineer.2. In America he began to work on space rockets so that he was able to develop a space programme when he came back to China.3. When Qian Xuesen returned to China he sep up a Space Institute to begin training people in how to design and build rockets.4. In China he has been honoured as “the father of the space programme”.5. Steve Smith suggested putting Qian Xuesens picture on Mars when the first Chinese astronaut lands there. GrammarThe Past ParticipleTranslate the following phrases, and try to find out what the items relate to.一片碎玻璃一片碎玻璃开水开水一枚用过的邮票一枚用过的邮票 一箱埋起来的硬币一箱埋起来的硬币穿破的鞋子穿破的鞋子 一台损坏了的计算机一台损坏了的计算机结论：以上的短语都带有过去分词，这些过去结论：以上的短语都带有过去分词，这些过去分词都是充当定语，而且我们都可以用过去分分词都是充当定语，而且我们都可以用过去分词作表语的形式来改写以上短语。词作表语的形式来改写以上短语。a broken piece of glassboiled watera used stampa buried box of coinsa damaged computerwornout shoes Complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning.Past Participle Past Participle as the Attribute as the predicative 1.terrified people 1.2.reserved seats 2.3.polluted water 3.4.a crowded room 4.5.a pleased winner 5.people who are terrifiedseats which are reservedwater that is polluteda room that is crowdeda winner who is pleasedPast Participle Past Participleas the Predicative as the Attribute1. children who 1. look astonished 2. a vase that is broken 2.3. a door that is closed 3.4. the audience who feel tired 4.5. an animal that is trapped 5.astonished children a broken vasea closed doorthe tired audiencea trapped animalGrammar一、过去分词作定语一、过去分词作定语1 1、单单个个的的过过去去分分词词作作定定语语时时一一般般兼兼有有被被动动和和完完成成的意义，常作前置定语。的意义，常作前置定语。 eg：a lost animal 一只迷路的动物一只迷路的动物 a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票一枚用过的邮票 an injured finger 一个受伤的手指一个受伤的手指 a broken coin 一枚破损的硬币一枚破损的硬币 a lighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛一支点燃的蜡烛 注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。 e.g.：spoken English 英语口语英语口语 written exercises 书面练习书面练习少少数数表表示示位位移移或或状状态态改改变变的的不不及及物物动动词词的的过过去分词只有完成的意义去分词只有完成的意义fallen leaves 落叶落叶 the risen sun 升起来的太阳升起来的太阳the advanced countries 发达国家发达国家 drunken man 一个醉鬼一个醉鬼a returned student 一名留学生一名留学生 a retired teacher 一名退休教师一名退休教师an escaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯一名逃跑的囚犯 by-gone days 过去的岁月过去的岁月2 2、过过去去分分词词作作后后置置定定语语，表表示示被被动动或或完完成成意意义义。 e.g.：How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods!我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。e.g.：The books written by Lu Xun are popular鲁迅写的书很受欢迎鲁迅写的书很受欢迎Well go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。Practice: Change the following Past Participle into clauses.1） He told us of the great wrong done to him.= He told us of the great wrong _ to him. which had been done注注：本本句句中中的的过过去去分分词词作作定定语语，既既表表被被动又表完成。动又表完成。2） The United States is a developed country. = The United Stated is a country _ .which has developed注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。3） Have you noticed the bridge being built there?= Have you noticed the bridge _ there?which is being built注注：本本句句中中的的过过去去分分词词作作定定语语，表表示示被被动动的的动作正在进行。动作正在进行。二、过去分词作表语二、过去分词作表语1 1、过过去去分分词词作作表表语语，表表示示主主语语的的特特点点或或所所处处的的状状态态，其其前前的的系系动动词词有有包包括括bebe在在内内的的多多种种形式。形式。 e.g.：Everyone present is very inspired at his speech 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。 You seem frightened. 你似乎受了惊吓。你似乎受了惊吓。2 2、过过去去分分词词作作表表语语，构构成成的的系系表表结结构构与与被动语态的区别：被动语态的区别： 过过去去分分词词作作表表语语，强强调调主主语语的的特特点点或或所所处处的的状状态态；而而被被动动语语态态中中，主主语语是是动动词所表示动作的承受者。词所表示动作的承受者。 e.g.：This shop is now closed 这家商店现在已经关门了。这家商店现在已经关门了。( (状态状态) ) This shop is closed at 6 pm every day 这家商店每天这家商店每天6 6点关门。点关门。( (动作动作） Practice: Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.1. 丢了钱他自责不已。丢了钱他自责不已。He _ about losing the money.2、你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？ Why do you always _ ? Do you sleep well these days?3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。 I _ the film I saw last night, I had expected it to be better.got blamedlook so tiredwas disappointed with4.听听说说那那位位明明星星死死了了，人人人人都都很很惊惊讶讶。 Everybody _to hear the death of the famous film star5.要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。 The children _ going to the zoo6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒他的伤口感染了一种新病毒. His wound _ a new viruswas shockedare really excited aboutbecame infected with1.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known高考链接B解析：答案解析：答案B B。此处考查过去分词作后置此处考查过去分词作后置定语，定语，3M3M与与knowknow之间是被动关系，故用过之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。去分词表示被动。3. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known高考链接D解析：答案解析：答案D D。knowknow与与wordswords，expressionsexpressions，phrasesphrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。示被动。4. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt高考链接B解析：答案解析：答案B B。此处为现在分词作定语，此处为现在分词作定语，修饰修饰flowersflowers。smellsmell为系动词，不能用于为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于被动语态，相当于which/that smells which/that smells sweetsweet。Homework Summarize the use of the past participle as the attribute and predictive.P44.No1:1.prepared 2. interested2.3. worried; continued 4. arrived3.5. concerned 6. frightenedP44.No.2:1.I found this broken plate on the floor. 2.I saw a tall, dark and handsome man called Xiao Ming.3.I looked at that modern abstract painting coloured in yellows and greens.4.Yesterday I got the expected answer to my question.5. She is my friend devoted to my interests. 6. On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles labelled in green ink.7. We saw many cracked windows in that room.Great scientistsListening & Talking (Wb)Warming up Which plant and animal do you like best?Can you classify them into a system ?Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) Swedish Carl Linnaeus is often called the Father of Taxonomy(分类学分类学). He succeeded in classifying the plants and animals into a system they worked. His method was called “the sexual method” of classifying plants and animals. His ideas on classification have influenced generations of biologists during and after his own lifetime.Some new words in the listening text1.Sweden 瑞典 2.species 种类 3.feather 羽毛4.blackbird 山鸟类P41 Listening1.Choose which of the following statements most closely describes what this listening passage is about . Explain why the others are wrong.A.This is about a man who wants to name a flower.B.This is about a man who finds a flower and wants to own it.C.This is about a man who finds a flower and wants to know if it is a new species of flower.2. Listen to the tape again and try to complete the following passage. To find the name of the unknown flower, first you have to go to see a flower _. He /She will look in a special _ written by Carl Linnaeus. He lived in _ from _to _. He was very important because he solved a serious problem for _ . He saw all plants and animals produce _. Some animals produce _ but others lay _ while plants _. He used these specialistyoung plants and animalsbiology17781707Swedenbookeggsproduce seedsbabiesdifferent ways of producing young to put plants and animals into _. For example, the group called birds lay _ to produce young and they all have _. Linnaeus put the plants and animals into smaller groups or species. He gave each one two names. One is for the large group, for example _ and one is for the species, for example _. So a parrot would be _. He was the first person to successfully classify(分类分类)all plants and animals.bird,parrotparrotbirdfeatherseggsgroups Listening Task (P44)Listening Task P44Eulers achievementsExamplesNew symbols and terms ,sin, consinOld areas of mathematicsRevised and analysed all maths of his dayNew area of mathematicsTopology(拓扑学拓扑学)Overall importanceIntroduced a lot of symbols into maths; wrote more books than anyone before Reading Task ( P45 ) Finding The Solution Puzzle ABCAABBCCDDECan you go over it without missing any points or going over a line twice?FABCAABBCCDDEstartfinishFABCAABBCCDDEEuler said, “If a figure has more than two odd points, you cannot go over it without lifting your pencil from the page or going over a line twice.”A.B.C:even pointsA.B:even pointsC.D: odd pointsC. D.E.F: odd pointsA.B: even pointsFLeonhard Euler (1707-1783)Born: 15 April 1707 in Basel, SwitzerlandDied: 18 Sept 1783 in St Petersburg, RussiaEuler was a famous mathematician in the eighteenth century, he introduced a new branch of mathematics called topology. It is a form of geometry that help you understand things by turning them into diagrams.Reading P45What is Euler path?curved linestraight lineeven pointodd pointA,B,C D : odd pointsA, C: odd pointsB, D:even pointsNo Euler pathHas Euler pathstartfinishFig 4:A 1 2 3 4Figure 4answers to the homework一一: 中译英中译英1.下结论下结论2. 暴露于暴露于3. 把把吸收进去吸收进去4. 热衷于热衷于(足球足球)5.对对谨慎谨慎6. 提出一个理论提出一个理论7.治好某人的治好某人的(癌症癌症)8. 应因某事受责备应因某事受责备9. 感染上感染上10.有意义有意义,行得通行得通11.在某方面严格要求某人在某方面严格要求某人draw a conclusionbe exposed toabsorbintobe enthusiastic about (football)be cautious toput forward a theorycure sb of (his cancer)be to blame for sthbecome/get infected withmake sense be strict with sb in sth12. contribute (sth) to sth13. reject ones theory14. in addition ( to)15. be linked to sth/sb16. come to an end17. take up( a career)18. be under construction19. apart from sth20. lead to sth21. (from my) point of view=from the point of view of sb12. 为贡献13. 摈弃某人的原理14. 除了(以外,还有)15. 和有联系16. 结束17. 开始从事一种事业18. 在建设当中19. 除外20. 导致21. (在我)看来,(依我的)观点complete the sentences with the phrases above1. Officials must_ themselves and serve people heart and soul2. _ of his family, the school was_ the students injuries. Therefore, they demanded the school to cover all medical costs. 3. It _ that the young should respect the old4. _ money, they provided4. _ money, they provided us with food.5. At last they found a steep path_ the temple at the top of the mountain.6. The two cities_ each other by a newly-built railway.7. A new plan _ at the meeting yesterday8. He felt that he _for the coldness that had grown between them be strict withmakes senseApart fromleading toare linked towas put forwardwas to blame forFrom the point of view ofto blame forTranslate the sentences into English/Chinese1.Hawking puts forward the theory about black holes.霍金提出了黑洞理论 put forward+表示建议,计划等的名词= come up with put away: 放好.储存(钱) put up with:忍受 put on :穿上，上演put out：熄灭，扑灭e drew a conclusion that we should give him another chance我们得出结论应该再给他一次机会draw/ come to/ arrive at/ reach a conclusion得出结论conclude : V 结束,推断 conclusion: n结论conclude sth by/with: 以而结束Eg: They concluded that the disease was SARA 3.Keep in doors and dont expose your skin to the sun 呆在户内，别把你的皮肤暴露于太阳底下呆在户内，别把你的皮肤暴露于太阳底下expose sth/sb to使暴露于；使面临；使遭受（危险，攻击等）be exposed to：招致，遭受Those who were exposed to bird flu were separated.4. The car was out of control and it hit a big tree 这辆车失去了控制，撞上了一棵大树 Mr. Li is in control of the company 李先生管理这间公司The company is in the control of Mr. Li out of control:失去控制in control of：管理控制住in/under the control of ：被 控制管理ary was so absorbed in reading the novel that she didnt realize the teacher had stood beside her. 玛丽是如此的专注于看小说以至于没有意识到老师已站在她旁边be absorbed in全神贯注于 be absorbed into被吸收入 ，被合并到6. The driver was to blame for the accident. 司机应为这次事故承担责任司机应为这次事故承担责任(sb) be to blame for 应为受到谴责责备承担责任在业余时间里，除了听音乐，他没别的爱好在业余时间里，除了听音乐，他没别的爱好 _ _listening to music, he has no other hobbies in his spare time apart from用于否定句时表示“除之外（没有）except 用于肯定句时表示“除 之外（还有）= in addition to, besides, as well asApart from长时间没有足够的睡眠往往会导致疾病长时间没有足够的睡眠往往会导致疾病 Not having enough sleep for a long time always _ _sickness9. 我们每个人都应该严格要求自己我们每个人都应该严格要求自己 Each of us should _ _ _ourselves. be strict with sb in sth在某方面对某人严格要求他捐了美元给红十字会他捐了美元给红十字会(contribute to)He contributed 3000 dollars to the Red Cross contribute( sth) to:为贡献make a contribution to/towards对做出贡献这条铁路把西藏这条铁路把西藏(Tibet)和内地和内地(the inland area)连起来了连起来了.(link to)This railway links Tibet to the inland areas. be linked to sb/ sth:和有联系leads tobe strict with1. _The price, you have to pay the sales tax on it.A.In addition B. In addition to C. except2. _ in writing the new poem. Jenny even forgot her dinner A.Absorbed B. Absorbing C. having absorbed3. who_ for the pollution of this lake?A.should blame B. is to be blamed C.is blamed D. is to blame4. The reform project _ by Mr. White_ at the meeting nowA.put forward; is discussed B. has been put forward; is being discussedC. put forward; is being discussed1.He thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.2. John Snow told the astonished people to leave here.3.So many terrified people died every time.4.But he became inspired when he thought abou helping ordinary people. 语法：过去分词做定语和表语语法：过去分词做定语和表语过去分词做定语修饰名词的两种位置：前置定语：单独一个过去分词做定语时，一般放在所前置定语：单独一个过去分词做定语时，一般放在所修饰的名词之前修饰的名词之前 a broken vase. a missing boy A: Is there anything unsolved. B: Is there unsolved anything. 复合不定代词复合不定代词something, everything, anything, nothing, nobody, nothing+过去分词过去分词后置定语：分词短语要放在被修饰的名词之后后置定语：分词短语要放在被修饰的名词之后 a book written by Lu Xun The project designed by him was constructed in only two months 2.过去分词做定语表示一个被动的动作或一个完成的动作及物动过去分词做定语表示一个被动的动作或一个完成的动作及物动词的过去分词做定语时可以改为被动形式的定语从句词的过去分词做定语时可以改为被动形式的定语从句the fallen leavesthe stolen moneyThis is a letter written in black ink.=This is a letter which is written in black inksThe stolen money has been found.=The money which was stolen has been found.转换的步骤1：找出过去分词所修饰的名词（即先行词）2：根据先行词的类别选择恰当的关连词3：把做定语的过去分词改为改动词的被动形式（即原句中done be+ done的形式表示一个完成的动作表示一个完成的动作表示一个被动的动作表示一个被动的动作Exercises:句型转换1. The girl dressed in red is my sister. The girl who is dressed in red is my sister.2. Father beat the son lost in the on-line games. Father beat the son who was lost in the on-line games3.This project, which was designed by the Chinese engineers, was constructed in only two years. This project , designed by the Chinese engineers, was constructed in only two years4. The castle, which was burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt. The castle, burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt.高考题中的过去分词高考题中的过去分词1.There have been several new event_ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A. add B. to add C. adding D. added.2.Five people won the Chinas Green Figure” award, a title_ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given3. In the dream Peter saw himself_ by a fierce wolf ,and he woke suddenly with a start. A. chased B. to be chased C. be chased D. having been chased 常见题型1.As is known to us all, traveling is_, but we often feel_ when we are back from travels. A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring. C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired2. Hearing the_ news, we all felt_ A. encouraging; encouraging B. encouraged; encouraged C. encouraged; encouraging D. encouraging; encouraged3. From the dates_ on the gold coin, it is confirmed that it was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked4. The first textbook_ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. Having written B. to be written C. written D. being written综合练习综合练习1. Let me take that pile of books for you. -_, but Id rather carry it myself.A.Its OK B. Thank you very muchC. Youre welcome D. It doesnt matter2. I had better do something fast before things get _A. In control B. under control C. below control D. out of control 3. The whole nation was_ at the news of Mr. Deng Xiaopings death. A. shocking B. shocked at C. being shocked D. to be shocked 4. The _ look on his face suggested that he had succeesed. A. excited B. tired C. tiring D. exciting5. If the building project_ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.A.being completed B. is completedC.to be completed D. completed.6. To keep health, he_ cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired.A.took up B. caught on C. carried out D. made for7. He is in_ control of the company, I mean the companyis in_ control of himA. the;/ B./; the C. the; the D. /; /8. Please be patient , everybody. The headmaster said he would_ the accident himself as soon as possible.A. look for B. look up to C. look at D. look into 9. He greets me with a big smile_ he meets me. A. every time B. the time C. next time D. all the time10. Many patients_ the ceremony at which Doctor Huang was honored with an award for the patience and love he displayed when_ patients A. presented at; looking after B. come to; taking care of C. attended to; attending D. joined in; deal withTranslate the passage into English, try to use the phrases in this unit 天气越来越冷了天气越来越冷了,所以爸爸提出了一个所以爸爸提出了一个建议建议.他说他说:“为了不感染上流感为了不感染上流感,除了除了给每人买一件大衣之外给每人买一件大衣之外,我们还要开始我们还要开始进行户外运动进行户外运动.” 妈妈说那行得通妈妈说那行得通.在在我看来我看来,除了衣服和运动除了衣服和运动,我们还应该我们还应该准备些常用的药准备些常用的药.最后最后,我们得出了结我们得出了结论论:所有的建议都会被接受所有的建议都会被接受. The weather is becoming colder and colder, so father put forward a suggestion . He said: “In addition to buying everyone a coat , we must take up outdoor exercise, so that we would not get infected with flu.” My mother thought that it made sense. From my point of view, we should buy some medicine that people often use apart from buying clothes and doing exercise. At last, we drew a conclusion that all the suggestions would be accepted