4-1HFSS的后处理及的后处理及场计算器入门场计算器入门电子科技大学贾宝富4-2Ansoft HFSS的后处理（的后处理（Results） Create Report4-3可绘制图形可绘制图形 Eigenmode solution（本征模解）（本征模解）Eigenmode Parameters (modes)（本征模参数图形）Driven Modal Solution（驱动模式解）（驱动模式解）S-parameters（S参数图形）Y-parameters（Y参数图形）Z-parameters（Z参数图形）VSWR（驻波比） Gamma (complex propagation constant)（复数形式的传播常数）Port Zo（端口波阻抗）Driven Terminal Solution（终端驱动解）（终端驱动解）S-parameters（S参数图形）Y-parameters（Y参数图形）Z-parameters（Z参数图形）VSWR（驻波比）Power（功率）Voltage Transform matrix (T)（电压传输矩阵）Terminal Port Zo（端口波阻抗）4-4可绘制图形可绘制图形Fields(场)Mag_EMag_HMag_JvolMag_JsurfComplexMag_EComplexMag_HComplexMag_JvolComplexMag_JsurfLocal_SAR (Specific Absorption Rate)Average_SAR注：在绘制场图前必须先选择一个面或者一个多点线。 4-5Ansoft HFSS的后处理（的后处理（Results）Solution Data4-6Ansoft HFSS的后处理（的后处理（Results）Output Variables4-7Ansoft HFSS的后处理（的后处理（Fields）Fields4-84-9Ansoft HFSS的后处理（的后处理（Radiation）Radiation4-10What is Time Domain Reflectometry?Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) measures the reflections that result from a signal travelling through a transmission environment of some kind a circuit board trace, a cable, a connector and so on. The TDR instrument sends a pulse through the medium and compares the reflections from the unknown transmission environment to those produced by a standard impedance. 4-11The Reflection CoefficientTDR measurements are described in terms of a Reflection Coefficient, (rho). The coefficient r is the ratio of the reflected pulse amplitude to the incident pulse amplitude:4-124-13Calculating the Impedance of the Transmission Line and the Load4-14Short and open circuit terminations4-15Matched and mismatched load terminations4-16Capacitive and inductive load terminations4-17Capacitive and inductive discontinuities4-18Mixed capacitive and inductive loading4-19The TDR waveform reveals trace discontinuities4-20HFSS Field Calculator: DefinitionA tool for performing mathematical operations on ALL saved field data in the modeled geometrynE,H,J, and Poynting data availablenPerform operations using drawing geometry or new geometry created in Post3nPerform operations at single frequency (interpolating or discrete sweeps) or other frequencies (fast sweep) nGenerate numerical , graphical, geometrical or exportable datanMacro-enabled 4-21表达式表达式操作区操作区指定数据指定数据关联关联场计算器场计算器操作区操作区场计算器分区4-22表达式操作区建立表达式建立表达式使用“Add”键，由场计算器堆栈导入表达式；使用“Load From”键，由场计算器表达式文件（*.clc）导入表达式；输出表达式输出表达式使用“Copy to stack”键，将已存在的表达式导出到场计算器堆栈；使用“Save to”键，将已存在的表达式保存成场计算器表达式文件（*.clc） ；4-23指定关联区指定场计算器指定场计算器使用数据的出使用数据的出处。处。指定求解设置指定场类型；指定频率指定相位4-24HFSS Field Calculator: Basic LayoutStack Operations:Button for manipulating stackData stack: Contains current and saved entries in a scrolling stack similar to a hand-held scientific caculator.Calculator Functions:Orgnized groupings of all the avaliable calculator functions in button format. Some buttons contain further options as drop-down menusStatus Bar(not currently shown):4-25HFSS Field Caculator: Data TypesThe calculatiorv can manipulate many different types of datanGeometricnComplexnVectornScalarData types are indicated in the calculator stack for each entryMost calculator operations are only available on the appropriate data type(s)Geometric surface generated along E field iso-value contour Vector data output to a plane geometryScalar E-field data graphed along a line geometry4-26HFSS Field Calculator: Data IndicatorsEach stack entry will be preceded by a unique code denoting its data typeMathematical:nCVc: Complex Vector nVec: VectornCSc: Complex ScalarnScl: ScalarGeometric:nPnt: PointnLin: LinenSrf: SourfacenVol: VolumeCombinations can also existnE.g. “SclSrf”: Scalar data distributed on a Surface geometryCACULATOR USAGE HINT: Most data input types will be self-explanatory, e. g. E and H fields being phasor quantities will be Complex Vector (CVc). The only exception to this rule is the Poynting input, Which will show up as a “CVc” even though E X H* should have no imaginary component. The calculator only knows that two complex vector were crossed, and does not know ahead of time that the imaginary component has been zeroed.4-27HFSS Field Calculator: Detail Layout-StackAs data is entered into the calculator it appears at the TOP of the stack, pushing older entries DOWNUNDO attempts to take back the last operation between stack enties. It may not work for all data types (e.g. the result of a pure math operation cannot be reversed)CLEAR deletes ALL entries from the stack upon confirmationEXCH exchanges or swaps the top two stack entriesPUSH duplicates the top stack entryPOP deletes the top entry off the stackRLDN “rolls” the stack downward, moving the top entry to the bottomRLUP “rolls” the stack upward, moving the bottom entry to the top4-28HFSS Field Calculator: Detail Layout-OperationsSCALAR column operations can only be performed on Scalar data (not complex or vector data), such as finding the Cosine of a value using the trig functions. OUTPUT column operations result in the generation of calculator outputs, in either numerical, graphical (displayed as 2D graphs or in the 3Dview), or exported form.VECTOR column contains operations to be performed on vector data such as converting to scalar, Dot and Cross products,and Unit Vector computationsGENERAL column contains operations which can be performed on many data types (e. g. adding scalar values or adding vectors)INPUT column contain all operations which input new data into the stack (field data, constant, user-entered vector or complex numbers, etc.All calculator operations are orgnized into columns classifyying them by the type of operation and the type of the data upon which the operation can be performed.4-29HFSS Field Calculator: Detail Layout-Exploded View4-30HFSS Field Calculator: Usage-OverviewUse just like a scientific calculatorSimilar to HP scientific calculatorsn“First Quantity”, ”Second Quantity” Then “Operation”Remember stack fills from the Top and pushes older contents below.General use progresses from left to rightInput quantity or quantities at leftPerform operations in middlenOperate between quantities; apply quantities to geometries, etc.Define desired output type at right.Calculator Usage HINT: Any Time you use the field post processor to plot a quantity (PlotFields), you are actually performing operations using the calculator! To see the steps that went into the generating the plot you just created, open the calculator interface and view the stack contents. This can often help guide you as you try to use the calculator to created your own custom outputs. 4-31HFSS Field Calculator: Usage-Changing Data TypesAs discussed previously, Many operations must be on the correct data type.Many operations result in a different data type than the inputs.Ex1:The Dot product of two Vector is a Scalar.Ex2:Obtaining the Unit VecNormal to a Surf Generates a Vector.Some calculator buttons exist primarily to assist in type conversion.Vec? Converts Scl to Vec dataScal? Does the reverseCmplxReal or CmplxImag takes a Scl component from a CSc or CVc.CmplxCmplxR or CmplxCmplxI take a Vec or Scl component and make it the real or imaginary part of a complex value CVc or CSc, respectively.Always think of what type of data you are working with and whether or not it is compatible with your desired operation .For example, not the INTEGRAL sign is in the Scalar column, implying that to integrate complex numbers you will have to integrate the real and imaginary components separately, performing an integration by parts. 4-32HFSS Field Calculator: Usage-Input TypesThe available field inputs areE: The complex vector E field data everywhere in the modeled geometry;H: The complex vector H field data everywhere in the modeled geometry;Poynting: The time-average Poynting vector computed from above as (EH*):Jvol: Current density in a volume, computed as (+j”)E which contain both conduction and displacement current ;Jsurf: Net surface current computed as n(H|top tetrahedra- H|bottom tetrahedra):Unlike other quantities, Jsurf can only be output on an object surface geometry.EHJsurfJvolPoyntingE and H are Peak Phasor representation of the steady state fields. Therefore the current representation J derived from nH or E are also peak phasor quantities. The Poynting Vector input is a time-averaged quantity.4-33HFSS Field Calculator: Usage-Output TypesDifferent data output can be generated depending on selected Output column button and stack content(s):Value is used to take the “value” of a field stack entry on a specific geometry;Eval turn stack placeholder text into final numerical answer;Write and Export outputs stack data to output file formats for use outside the calculator or current project.4-34HFSS Field Calculator: Usage-Possible OperationsAs long as you can perform the math using the interface, there is no restriction on the possible calculator operations available:Outputs derived can be other than “Electromagnetic” in nature;nPure Geometric operations (vector and surface cross and dot products, generation of iso-surface contours from any scalar data field imported into the geometry, etc)nThermal heating computations derived from field values combined with thermal mass characteristics and equations;nIntegrations to obtain summary quantities such as Quanlity factors, power dissipation or flux,etc.4-35Post-Processor Exercise : Helix Interaction Impedance:Calculating PointCut PlaneZ= 2 / gg= vp / f4-36Single-Value Outputs4-37Export the field solution to a uniform grid4-38Export the field solution to a uniform grid4-39 耦合带状线及耦合微带线耦合带状线及耦合微带线(coupled stripline and coupled microstrp line)耦合传输线：耦合传输线：两根或多根彼此靠的很近的非屏蔽传输线系统两根或多根彼此靠的很近的非屏蔽传输线系统对称非对称可用于设计各类器件定向耦合器混合电桥滤波器4-402. 耦合线理论与奇耦模分析方法耦合形式分为：常用的耦合微带线是侧边耦合对称耦合微带线4-41 奇耦模分析方法利用对称性奇模激励(odd-mode excitation):大小相同，方向相反的电流对耦合线两导带的激励（中心电壁）偶模激励(even-mode excitation):大小相同，方向相同的电流对耦合线两导带的激励（中心磁壁）( odd/even excitation methods )V=0H=0V-V4-42odd/even excitation methods (continue 1)4-43描述传输线的基本参数传播常数：衰减常数；相位常数相位速度波长特性阻抗4-44奇模相速度、奇模波导波长和奇模特性阻抗 耦合系数奇模阻抗双线特性阻抗单线特性阻抗4-45偶模相速度、偶模波导波长和偶模特性阻抗偶模阻抗4-46均匀填充介质的对称线耦合系数的分贝耦合度为:4.3-254-47特性阻抗分类4-48差分阻抗