非谓语动词考点归纳非谓语动词考点归纳非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件一个句子一个句子当中，当中，已经存在一个已经存在一个主句主句（谓语动词）（谓语动词）,又没有连词又没有连词的情况下的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。还有别的动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but leftherhandbagonherseat.非谓语动词的句法功能非谓语动词的句法功能名称名称语语 法法 功功 能能 主语主语宾语宾语宾语补宾语补足语足语表语表语定语定语状语状语不定不定式式动名动名词词现在现在分词分词过去过去分词分词可充当成分可充当成分:主语主语 ,宾语宾语,宾语补足语宾语补足语,表语表语,定语定语,状状语语.一、不定式一、不定式不定式运用口诀不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式，本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改有时它把句型改，作主宾时用作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，七个感官三使役，宾补要把宾补要把to甩开甩开；疑问词后接上它，疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，逻辑主语不定式，不定式前不定式前forsb.;to前前not是否定是否定，各种用法区别开。各种用法区别开。不定式在七个感官动词不定式在七个感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,find,notice,listento,三个使役动词三个使役动词let,have,make等后作宾补时等后作宾补时,to要省略要省略不定式作主语To+V+VWhen(疑问副词疑问副词)+to+V+VForSb.+to+V(1)Toperseveremeansvictory.(2)Whentostartremainsundecided.(3)Forustoberedandexpertisnotonlynecessarybutalsopossible.（注）不定式作主语，常用注）不定式作主语，常用it做形式主语改写成下列句做形式主语改写成下列句型型1.Itis+N+to+V2.Ittakessb.+sometime+to+V3.Itis+Adj.+for+to+V4.Itis+Adj+ofsb.+to+V(1) It is our duty to support theirstruggleforliberation.(2)Itonlytookusayeartocompletetheproject.ItishardformetomasterEnglish. （注注）用用于于这这一一句句型型的的形形容容词词只只限限于于下下列列几几个个：easy,difficult,hard,necessary,impossible,unnecessary,important,它它们们的的共共同同特特点点是是表表示示客客观情况，不能改写成观情况，不能改写成beofsb.+to+V(1)Itskindofyoutothinksomuchofus.(2)Itsunwiseofthemtoturndowntheproposal.（注）后跟注）后跟ofsb.的形容词的形容词:kind,good,nice,clever,silly,wrong,right,wise,unwise,foolish,stupid,lazy,careless,cunning,rude,honest,naughty,impolite,considerate以上在动词不定式前的以上在动词不定式前的forsb.或或ofsb都可看成它的逻辑主语。都可看成它的逻辑主语。 不定式作表语表表示示具具体体动动作作时时，特特别别是是表表示示将将来来动动作作时时，多多用用不定式作表语。不定式作表语。1.To+V+is+to+V(一是条件，一是结果一是条件，一是结果)2.Pron.(N)+is(seem)+to+V(包包括括不不定定式式完完成成式或被动态式或被动态)3.Whatclause+is+to+V(表语说明主语内容表语说明主语内容) (1) To do two things at a time is to doneither.(2) She seemed to have heard about italready.Thebookseemstohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguagesalready.(3)WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.(注注)tobe的的过过去去时时，有有时时可可和和不不定定式式的的完完成成式式构构成成谓谓语，表示一个想做而未做成的事。语，表示一个想做而未做成的事。Hewastohavegiventhefirsttalk,buthecamelate. 不定式作定语1.S+V+O（N）+to+V(主动态主动态)to+V(被动态被动态)to+V+Prep.in(on)which+to+V2Thereis(are)+N+to+V(1)Shehasalotofmeetingstoattendintheevening.Doyouhaveanythingmoretosay?（主动，动宾）主动，动宾）(2) Have you anything to taken to thecity?（被动）被动）(3)Shehasalotofthingstoattendto(4)Itwasabadseasoninwhichtohaveoutings.(5)Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).（注）注）1.不定式做定语和被修饰词之间：不定式做定语和被修饰词之间：（1）表示将来的动作表示将来的动作（2）与被修饰词之间有动宾关系与被修饰词之间有动宾关系（3）抽象名词后做定语，相当于一个形容词。抽象名词后做定语，相当于一个形容词。（4）不不及及物物动动词词做做定定语语，要要加加适适当当的的介介词词，和和被被修修饰饰词词形形成成逻逻辑上的动宾关系辑上的动宾关系2.不不定定式式做做定定语语，在在句句中中与与被被修修饰饰词词间间有有动动宾宾关关系系，同同时时与与句句中中其其他他词词与与词词又又有有逻逻辑辑上上主主谓谓关关系系时时，尽尽管管有有被被动动含含义义仍仍用用主主动动态态（例例句句1）。如如又又有有动动宾宾关关系系而而无无逻逻辑辑上上主主谓谓关关系系，则则仍仍用用被被动动态态。（见例句（见例句2）3.Thereis(are)的句型中，不定式含被动意思，用主动或被动形式均的句型中，不定式含被动意思，用主动或被动形式均可。可。不定式作宾语.表表1S+V+TO+V在在此此句句型型中中，要要求求不不定定式式做做宾宾语语的的动动词词有有：manage,try,ask,offer,agree,expect,promise,want, begin, desire, learn, arrange, hope, like,wish,decide,afford,pretend,(1)Heofferedtohelpus.(2)Wemusttrytobecomeonewiththemasses.(3)Ididnotexpecttofindyouhere.(4)Hepretendednottoseeme. S+V+it+OC+to+V(1)The workers think it necessary to increaseproduction.(2)Doyouconsideritimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime?表表3S+V+疑问代词疑问代词/疑问副词疑问副词+to+V要要求求when,how,whether,where,which,what,who(whom)等等+to+V做宾语的动词有：做宾语的动词有：know,tell,teach,explain,discuss,consider,discover,guess,observe,findout,understand,wonderIdontknowwhattodo.Wheretogo.Whomtoask.Whentostop.HowtogetthereWhichonetobuyWhichonetobuyWhethertolaughatorcryWhenIheardthewords（注）在此句型中，注）在此句型中，if不能代替不能代替whether，疑问副词疑问副词why不能和不定式在一起做宾语用于该句型不能和不定式在一起做宾语用于该句型。 Prep.But/except/besides+to+V/+V(1)Hedesirednothingbuttosucceed.(2)Hedidnothingbutcry.(3)Marydidnothingexceptcleanthedishes(4)Thewindowswereopenedexcepttoairtheroomforafewminutesinthemorning.(5) That afternoon I had nothing to dobesidesanswer.（注）在这些介词前无实意动词注）在这些介词前无实意动词do，后跟不定式后跟不定式如有实意动词如有实意动词do，则跟动词原形则跟动词原形cannotbutcannothelpbut+Vcannotchoosebut(1)Icannotbutadmiretherichcontentofthebook.(2)Icannothelpbutlaugh.(3)Theycouldnotchoosebutobey.不定式做宾补V+O+to+V要求要求verbto+V作宾补的动词有：作宾补的动词有：Advise,cause,allow,ask,encourage,get,expect,force, wish, want, intend, invite, mean, permit,persuade, forbid, warn, tell, compel, remind,teach,urge,hove,have,like,prefer.(1)Theyaskedhimtodesignanewworkshop.(2)Wecantallowtheraintospoilourday.(3)Idlovethemtocometonight.V+O+ to be要要 求求 verb to be 作作 宾宾 补补 的的 动动 词词 有有 ：consider, declare, find(=consider), prove, think,know,believe,imagine,judge,suppose,feel(1) We know/believe/judge him to bereliable.(2) I should imagine/suppose him to beabove50.（注注）1.consider,declare,find,prove,think等等动动词词后后的的tobe往往往往省省略略。如如果果不不定定式式为为完完成成式式就就不不能能省省，如：如：weconsiderheat(tobe)aformofenergy.Weconsiderhimtohavebeenfoolish.2.know后要求不定式作宾补的其他用法：后要求不定式作宾补的其他用法：haveknown+O+to+V或或Vhaveneverknown+o+Vneverknew+O+V宾补为完成式或宾补为完成式或know转为被动态时，作宾补的不定式必须带转为被动态时，作宾补的不定式必须带to1）Ihaveknownhim(to)saythisbefore.2)Iveneverknownhimbehavelikethis.3)Ineverknewhimdoanythingwithoutaverygoodreason.4)Ihaveneverknownhertohavefailed.5)Hehasneverbeenknowntosaythisbefore.(passivevoice)V+O+V要要求求不不带带to的的动动词词做做宾宾补补的的动动词词有有:have,make,let.,see,hear,feel,notice,observe,watch,listento,lookat1)MakeforeignthingserveChina.2)Ididthearanyonesayanythingaboutit.3) It is quite amusing to look at other peopleplaychess.(注注)1）这种句子如变成被动语态，）这种句子如变成被动语态，to不能不要不能不要Theyweremadetoworkdayandnight.1）help后的宾补，可带后的宾补，可带to或不带或不带toMybrotheroftenhelpsme(to)mendmybike.表表4V+Prep.+O+to+V要求不定式作宾补的成语动词：要求不定式作宾补的成语动词：Callon,counton,relyon,dependon,carefor,askfor,waitfor,longfor,preparefor,wishfor1)Youcancountonustogiveyoufullsupport.2)Youcantrelyonhimtoassistyou.3)ShallweaskforMarytocometoo?不定式做状语表表1目的状语目的状语To+V,S+VS+V+O,to+V(soasto,inorderto)1)Togetthebestresults,usecleanwater.2)Hewenthometoseehismother.3)Iturnedtheradiodownsoasnottodisturbyou.4)Wegotoschoolinordertogetknowledge表表2原因状语原因状语be+Adj.+to+Vbe+P.P+to+VV+to+V本本句句型型所所示示的的不不定定式式多多是是在在表表示示感感情情的的形形容容词词，过过去去分分词词或或动动词词之之后后，它们是：它们是：glad, happy, sorry, sad, surprised, shocked, astonished,delighted,pleased,weep,cry,laugh,smile1)Imverygladtoseeyou.Shewillbesorrytohearthat.2)Iwassurprisedtoseeherthere.3)Shewepttohearthenews.表3结果状语1.Only+to+V2.Adj.(adv)+enough+(for+O)+to+V3.too+adj.(adv.)+to+V4.so+adj.+as+to+V1)Heworkedhardonlytofallagain.Shehurriedbackonlytofindhermotherdyinginahospital.2)Heisoldenoughtoretire.Thisroomislargeenoughforusfivetosleepin.3)Imtootiredtoworkanymore.Germsaretoosmalltobeseenwiththenakedeye.4)Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle? 不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语l l常用常用enoughto，sufficientto，onlyto，neverto，so+形容词形容词/副词副词+asto,such+名词名词astodo引导。引导。Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.HeisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnightImnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.不定式作原因状语不定式作原因状语常放在常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后表示心理感觉的形容词后Iamhappytoseeyou.Shewassadtohearthebadnews.不定式的完成式不定式的完成式.表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。语动词发出的动作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等等动词常用于上面句型。动词常用于上面句型。此外，此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。注意与一般时的区别。Imsorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）不定式的省略现象不定式的省略现象l l不定式在感官动词不定式在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice,lookat,listento,overhear,observe和和使役动词使役动词have,make,let后作宾语补足语时后作宾语补足语时,不定式省略不定式省略to。l l例例Iwatchedhimdisappearinthedistance.l l介词介词but,except,besides后接不定式作宾语时，后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词介词前有行为动词do,不定式要省去不定式要省去to。l l例例Wedidnothingbut/exceptwaitthen.l l不定式符号不定式符号to作表语时的省略。当主语部分作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行为动词有行为动词do,作表语的不定式作表语的不定式to可省略。可省略。例例:WhatIwanttodonowisfindsomebookstoread.不定式后动词的省略不定式后动词的省略l l动词动词love,mean,want,hate,like,wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及及beglad(pleased,delighted,happy)to等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留to不定式不定式符号。符号。句式句式wouldhavedone,shouldhavedone,oughttohavedone,neednthavedone,usedtobe等省略形式为等省略形式为wouldhave,shouldhave,oughttohave,neednthave,usedtobe,要保留不要保留不定式后的定式后的be或或have。例例-Areyouasailor?-No,butIusedtobe(asailor).表表4反射不定式作状语反射不定式作状语S+be+Adj.+to+V本句型中的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式说本句型中的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式说明作表语的形容词，成为形容词的状语。主动明作表语的形容词，成为形容词的状语。主动态具有被动含义，不定式不能改为被动态。在态具有被动含义，不定式不能改为被动态。在该句型中被使用的形容词只有：该句型中被使用的形容词只有：easy,hard,difficult,dangerous,expensive,fit,possible,impossible,comfortable,dirty(1)Thisquestionisimpossibletoanswer.(2)Englishisdifficulttolearn.(3)Carscanbedangeroustodrive.(4)Alorryingoodconditioniseasytodrive.(5)Theroomiscomfortabletolivein.1.Ithinkyoullgrow_himwhenyouknowhimbetter.AlikingBtobelikeCtolikeDtobeliking2.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen,butImgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.AtobeheardBtobehearingCtohearDtohaveheardMyadvisorencouraged_asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake1.Helenhadtoshout_abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard2Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_intimeforChristmas.AinordertohavereceivedBinordertoreceiveCsoastobereceivedDsoastobereceiving3._moreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.ATofindout BFindingoutCFindoutDHavingfoundout4.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust_alookatthesportsstars.A.hadB.having C.tohaveD.have1.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_thefilmstarshadleft.AtotellBtobetoldCtellingDtold2.Hehurriedtothestationonly_thatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingB.C.foundD.tohavefound1.Youweresillynot_yourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedB.C.lockingD.havinglocked2.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen,butImgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.AtobeheardBtobehearingCtohearDtohaveheard3.-IsBobstillperforming?-Imafraidnot.Heissaid_thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveB.C.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft1.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone2.Wevemissedthelastbus.Imafraidwehavenochoicebut_ataxi.A.totakeB.takingC.takeD.taken1.-WouldyouliketogototheGreatTheatrewithmetonight.-_.A.Yes,IwouldliketogototheGreatTheaterwithyoutonight.B.Idloveto,butIhaveanexamtomorrow.C.No,IwouldntD.Thatsallright2.-DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGermany?-Yes,heintends_.A./B.toC.soD.that1.Heaskedmetohelphimrepairhisradio,butIdontknow_.A.todoitB.howtoC.whattodoitD.howtodoB.2.Hisvoicemademe_terrible.C.TofeelB.feelC.feelsD.feltD.3.Myparentstoldme_peoplewhentheyareintrouble.E.neverlaughatB.nottolaughatC.dontlaughatD.notlaughatD.4.Itsbadmanners_rudetopeople.A.tobeB.areC.beD.tobeingB.5.Itsinteresting_ustotakepartinthegames.C.A.ofB.toC.forD.at6.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.AnotmakeBnottomakeCnotmakingDdonotmake7.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectCtobeexpectingDexpects8.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning9.Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.going D.havinggone二、动名词二、动名词l l充当成分充当成分: 主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语1.动名词作主语动名词作主语l lSeeingisbelieving.l lPlayingchessisfun.l lItsnousewaitinghere.2.动名词作表语动名词作表语l lThenursesjobislookingafterthepatients.l lThenurseislookingafterthepatients.3.动名词作宾语动名词作宾语l l下列动词后只能接动名词：下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,canthelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit。l lDoyoumindmyopeningthewindows?l l下列动词短语接动名词：下列动词短语接动名词：leaveoff,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.devoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,befondof,beworth。IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.4.动名词作定语动名词作定语l l动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系没有逻辑上的主谓关系.l lreadingtextl lasleepingbagl lawalkingstickl lrunningwaterl ldevelopedcountryl lIamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.l lSheregretnothavingstudiedthecomputerhard.l lHisbeinglookeddownuponmadehimsick.l lIcantreallystandbeingtreatedlikethat.5.动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态1.Themaninsisted_ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding2.Itsnecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having高考点击高考点击3.Ireallycantunderstand_herlikethat.A.youtreatB.youtotreatB.C.whytreatD.youtreating4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldntrisk_thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingB.C.tobelostD.beinglost三、分词三、分词l l现在分词与过去分词现在分词与过去分词. .l l充当成分充当成分: :l l宾语补足语宾语补足语, ,表语表语, , 定语定语, , 状语状语. .（一）现在分词（一）现在分词1.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语现在分词可在句中作现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果件、结果等状语。等状语。V-ing形式作状语形式作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义让步、伴随或陪衬等含义,相当于一个对应的状语从句相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思所表达的意思. Walking in the street, I came across an old friend.= When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend.Being ill, he didnt go to school.=As he was ill, he didnt go to school. Laughing and talking, they went into the classroom. （方式）方式）If you use your head, you will find a way. Though weighing almost one hundred jin, the box was lifted by him with one hand. We were sitting by the window,talking about what happened yesterday.(伴随）伴随）解析1.当当v-ing形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，需用发生在谓语动作之前，需用havingdone2.v-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主语保持一致；否则必须带有自己的逻辑主语语保持一致；否则必须带有自己的逻辑主语=Using your head, you will find a way.= Though it weighes l l注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。时间性时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式havingdone。语态性语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进主动进行，被动完成行，被动完成”。人称一致性人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。主语。1._theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.Notcompleting D.Nothavingcompleted2Themanager,_itcleartousthathedidntagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.AwhohasmadeBhavingmadeCmadeDmaking3Thestormleft,_alotofdamagetothisarea.AcausedBtohavecausedCtocauseDhavingcaused4_fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.ABeingseparatedBHavingseparatedCHavingbeenseparatedDTobeseparated2.现在分词作定语现在分词作定语1.Thepicture_onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung2ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures_inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed3.Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt（二）过去分词（二）过去分词1.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语l l过去分去分词作状作状语，相当于一个状，相当于一个状语从从句，用来句，用来说明原因、明原因、时间、条件等。、条件等。分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为主语，这种结构称为独立主格独立主格结构。如：结构。如：Hergrandfatherbeingill,shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim.过去分词过去分词作状语作状语过去分词作状语，过去分词作状语，修饰谓语修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示或情景，表示时间时间、条件条件、原因原因、让步让步、伴随情况伴随情况等。等。一般说来，这一结构的一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语逻辑主语是是主句的主语主句的主语。a、表示表示时间时间Seen fromthespace,theearthlooksblue.Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.b、表示表示条件条件Keptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.c、表示表示原因原因d、表示表示伴随情况伴随情况e e、表示表示让步让步Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherlittledaughter.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,andwasfollowedbyherlittledaughter.Beatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.Althoughhewasbeatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.1_withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.ACompareBWhencomparingCComparingDWhencompared2._inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpoliceA.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing2.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语1.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,_as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown3.分词作宾补分词作宾补l l1)跟分词作宾补的动词有：跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch,haveget,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等等l l2)在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。l lTherewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldntmakehimselfheard.l lWhenheawoke,hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.如如:1.Dontleavethewater_whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun2.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildrensactionsagainstthelawsgetparents.A.worriedB.toworryB.C.worryingD.worry3.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.Youvehadit_oftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained非谓语动词的其他考点非谓语动词的其他考点:1.主语一致主语一致1.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,_.A.doctorscanetotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotourists2Whilewatchingtelevision,_.AthedoorbellrangBthedoorbellringsCweheardthedoorbellringDweheardthedoorbellrings2.with的复合结构的复合结构with+名词名词+doingtododone1.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon2_andnowaytoreduceherpainandsufferingfromtheterribledisease,thepatientsoughtherdoctorshelptoendherlife.AHavinggivenuphopeofcureBWithnohopeforcureCTherebeinghopeforcureDInthehopeofcure非谓语动词练习非谓语动词练习Canyousparemesometime?Imafraidnot.Ihavelotsofletters_.A.doingwithB.todoforC.todeal D.todealwithIcantunderstand_atthatpoorchild.A.youtolaugh B.youlaughingC.youlaughD.whylaughDontusewords,expressionsorphrases_onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.02A.beingknownB.havingknownC.tobeknownD.known_tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoonesskin.02A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.AfterbeingexposedThediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_.03A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.B.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaughtGenerallyspeaking,when_accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.03A.takingB.takenC.totakeD.tobetaken_moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.TogiveB.HavinggivenC.GivenD.GivingIwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggoneThereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_roadconditionsneed_.03A.that,tobeimprovedB.which,tobeimprovedC.where,improvingD.when,improvingThedaywelookedforwardto_.A.comeB.comingC.hascomeD.havecomeThedisc,digitally_inthestudio,soundedfantasticattheparty.04A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecordedShesetoutsoonafterdark,homeanhourlater.AarrivingBtoarriveChavingarrivedDandarrivedThestudentsexpectedthere_morereviewingclassesbeforethefindexam.AisBbeingChavebeenDtobe_intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.05A.PutB.PuttingC.Havingput D.BeingputHeisratherdifficulttomakefriendswith,butthefriendshipofhis,_,istruerthananyother.A.oncegained B.whentogainC.aftergained D.whilegainingThefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingbeenwritten B.tobewrittenC.beingwritten D.writtenThevisitingministerexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,_thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.addedThebell_theendoftheclassrang,_ourheateddiscussion.01A.indicating,interruptingB.indicated,interruptingC.indicating,interruptedD.indicated,interruptedThesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught_andleftheroff.A.tohavestolenB.tobestealingC.tostealD.stealingTheoldman,_abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.(04江苏卷江苏卷)A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworkedYouwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.Well,nowIregret_that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdoneIsthisthewatchyouwish_?A.tohaverepairedB.B.torepairitC.tohaveitrepairedD.willberepairedThisistheproblem_atthenextmeeting.A.todiscussB.tobediscussedC.discussedD.beingdiscussed_manytimes,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.ThoughhehadbeentoldC.HewastoldD.HavingtoldWithmanytroublesomeproblems,suchasunemploymentandcrime_,themayorseemstobeataloss.A.remainedtosolveB.remainingtobesolvedC.remainedtobesolvedD.remainingtosolveProfessorSmithissaid_anotherimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.A.havingmadeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.tomakeTheyusedwhattheyhad_fortheirdaughter.A.tobuyanewdressB.buyinganewclothesC.boughtanewsuitD.buyanewclothingThelittlegirlcame,_acakewithtwo_candlesonit.A.bringing;litB.carrying;lightedC.brought;litD.brought;lightedTechnologyhasmadethedeliveryofinformationlessdifficult,thus_informationavailabletomorepeople.A.tomake B.madeC.making D.tohavemadeHispoor_Englishpreventedhim_.A.spoken;fromunderstandingB.spoken;frombeingunderstoodC.speaking;fromunderstandingD.speaking;frombeingunderstoodWhoarethosepeoplewiththebanners(标语标语)?Agroup_itselftheleagueforpeace.A.calling B.callC.calledD.iscalledYouweresillynotyourcar.(04湖南卷湖南卷)A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglockedWhenhecameback,hefoundthebaghehad_overtheseatwasgone.A.lefttohandB.lefthangingC.lefthungD.toleavehanging