广广 西西 民民 族族 大大 学学20162016 年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目试题年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目试题（试卷代号：A 卷）科目代码：211科目名称：翻译硕士英语适用学科专业：翻译硕士研究方向：英语笔译、英语口译命题教师签名：考生须知考生须知1答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上无效。2答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔作答，用其它笔答题不给分。3交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭证） 。否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。第 1 页 共 12 页Part I. Basic English Knowledge (30%)Part I. Basic English Knowledge (30%)Section A: Multiple-choice (20 %)Section A: Multiple-choice (20 %)Directions: There are forty multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the bestanswer to each question. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. On my way to the office, I saw a little girl standing in front of the shop window looking _ at the toys inside.A. faintly B. ferociouslyC. deliberatelyD. wistfully2. Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his _ to a certain book or articlethat has some bearing on the subject being studied.A. reaction B. comment C. impression D. comprehension3. The branches could hardly _ the weight of the fruit.A. retain B. sustain C. maintain D. remain4. With an eighty-hour week and little change or enjoyment, life must have been very _thfor the 19 -century worker.A. disinterested B. dry C. weary D. depressed5. The need for cash is forcing new graduates to take any job going, and many start theirworking life in _, often menial jobs.A. momentaryB. mechanicalC. ashamedD. primeval6. The bus became _ before they arrived, and many latecomers had to wait in a long queue.A. occupied B. engaged C. packed D. filled7. Rosa was such a last-minute worker that she could never start writing a paper till thedeadline was_.A. approachB. recentC. problematicD. imminent8. Swarms of wasps are always invading my garden. They are a thorough _.A. nuisance B. disturbance C. trouble D. annoyance9. The new airport will be _ from all directions.A. available B. accessible C. obtainable D. achievable10. Now researchers are directing more attention to the social and cultural_ thatpropelled university graduates into careers in management.A. implicationB. impulseC. atmosphereD. imminence11. The police have offered a large _ for information leading to the robbers arrest.A. awardB. compensationC. prizeD. reward第 2 页 共 12 页12. For years she suffered from the _ that her husband might come back to her.A. vision B. idea C. imagination D. illusion13. There has been a _ lack of communication between the union and the management.A. regretful B. regrettable C. regretting D. regretted14. Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is _ loud continuousnoise.A. subjected to B. filled withC. associated with D. attached to15. My mother cant get _ because she has rheumatism.A. about B. on C. through D. in16. The novel contains some marvelously revealing _ ofrural life in the19th century.A. glances B. glimpses C. glares D. gleams17. The partys reduced vote was _ of lack of support for its policies.A. indicative B. positive C. revealing D. evident18. At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment whensome distant mountain is not _.A. on view B. at a glance C. on the scene D. in sight19. Once a picture is proved to be a forgery, it becomes quite _.A. invaluable B. priceless C. unworthy D. worthless20. In the first few months of the war his army seemed _, but soon it met its Waterloo. A. incredible B. invisible C. invidious D. invincible21. _ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sitesby 90 percent.A. So clever are the construction robotsB. So clever the construction robots areC. Such construction robots are cleverD. Such clever construction robots are22. He felt _ during the interview. And he failed to get the job. A. anything but wellB. nothing but well C. something but wellD. none but well23. It is not uncommon for there _ problems of communication between the old and theyoung.A .being B. would be C. be D. to be第 3 页 共 12 页24. _, Ill marry him all the same.A. Was he rich or poorB. Whether rich or poorC. Were he rich or poorD. Be he rich or poor25. Sorry to have kept you waiting. You must have thought _. A. we were not coming B. we are not comingC. we didnt comeD. we should not come26. That was not the first time he _ us. I think its high time we _ strong actionsagainst him.A. betrayed, takeB. had betrayed, tookC. has betrayed, tookD. has betrayed, take27. _, he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources.A. Instead of his contributions B. For all his notable contributionsC. His making notable contributions D. However his notable contributions28. I am pleased with what you have given me and _ you have told me.A. thatB. all thatC. whichD. about whatever29. _ earlier, I could have done something to help. A. If I was informed B. Was I informed C. Had I been informed D. If I should be informed30. _,he never alters a decision.A. Come what mayB. What may comeC. May what comeD. May come whatever31. The Minister of Finance is believed of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.A. that he is thinking B. to be thinkingC. that he is to think D. to think32. The heart is intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by thebrain.A. not soB. not muchC. no moreD. much more33. The membership card entitled him _ certain privileges in the club.A. on B. in C. at D. to34. I have never been to London, but that is the city_.A. where I like to visit most B. Id most like to visitC. which I like to visit mostly D. where Id like most to visit第 4 页 共 12 页35. He was _to tell the truth even to his closest friend.A. too much of a coward B. too much the cowardC. a coward enough D. enough of a coward36. _ wool that is produced in _ Scotland is used to make sweaters and othergarments. A. / . the B. / . / C. The . the D. The . /37. _ I like economics, I like sociology much better.A. As much as B. So much C. How much D. Much as38. You cannot be _ careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case.A. tooB. quiteC. veryD. so39. _ enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more inthis field.A. Giving B. To give C. Given D. Being given40. Barry had an advantage over his mother he could speak French.A. since that B. in that C. at that D. so thatSection B: Proofreading and Error Correction (10 %)Directions: The following passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains amaximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread thepassage and correct it. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.People once widely believed that intelligent life existed onthMars. The 19 century discover of what appeared to be 41.geometric designs cut across the surface was taken as evidence.The lines were thought to have been system of canals that had 42.been built to irrigate the surface. This is now clear that 43.“canals”perhaps the most spectacular geologic features ofMarsare natural valleys which ancient rivers once flowed. 44.Other fragmented idea concerns the planets seasonal 45.changes in color. Once when attributed to the rapid spread of 46.some life-form, these shifts are now known to develop from themovement of fine dust in the atmosphere.thBy the close of the 20 century none of the manyexperiments were conducted by spacecraft had ever found 47.persuasive evidence of life. Furthermore, speculation continued 48.over the existence of some form of life, in either the presentand the past. In 1996 scientists discovered organic compounds 49.and minerals in a meteorite, consisted of Martian rock, 50.that collided with Earth around 11,000 BC. These compounds第 5 页 共 12 页suggest that Mars may have been inhabited by organisms morethan three billion years ago.Part II. Reading Comprehension (50 %)Part II. Reading Comprehension (50 %)Section A (30 %)Section A (30 %)Directions: There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by somequestionsor unfinishedstatements.For eachof themthereare fourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage OnePassage OneQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Department Store MagicFor most of the 20th century Smithsons was one of Britains most successful departmentstores, but by the mid-1990s, it had become dull. Still profitable, thanks largely to aseries of successfuladvertising campaigns, butdecidedly boring. The famous were carefulnot to be seen there, and its sales staff didnt seem to have changed since the store openedin 1908. Worst of all, its customers were buying fewer and fewer of its own-brand products,the major part of its business, and showing a preference for more fashionable brands.But now all this has changed, thanks to Rowena Baker, who became Smithsons first womanChief Executive three years ago. Since then, while most major retailers in Britain havebeen losing money, Smithsons profits have been rising steadily. When Baker started, a lotof improvements had just been made to the building, without having any effect on sales,and she took the bold decision to invite one of Europes most exciting interior designersto develop the fashion area, the heart of the store. This very quickly led to rising sales,even before the goods on display were changed. And as sales grew, so did profits.Baker had ambitious plans for the store from the start.Were playing a big game,to prove were up there with the leaders in our sector, and we have to make sure peopleget that message. Smithsons had fallen behind the competition. It provided a traditionalservice targeted at middle-aged, middle-income customers, whod been shopping there foryears, and the customer base was gradually contracting. Our idea is to sell such an excitingvariety of goods that everyone will want to come in, whether they plan to spend a littleor a lot. Bakers vision for the store is clear, but achieving it is far from simple. Atfirst, many employees resisted her improvements because they just wouldnt be persuadedthat there was anything wrong with the way theyd always done things, even if they acceptedthat the store had to overtake its competitors. It took many long meetings, involving theentire workforce, to win their support. It helped when they realized that Baker was a verydifferent kind of manager from the ones they had known.Bakers staff policies contained more surprises. The uniform that had hardly changedsince day one has now disappeared. Moreover, teenagers now get young shop assistants, andstaffs in the sports departments are themselves sports fans in trainers. As Baker explains,How can you sell jeans if youre wearing a black suit? Smithsons has a new identity,and this needs to be made clear to the customers. Shes also given every sales assistantresponsibility for ensuring customer satisfaction, even if it means occasionally breakingcompany rules in the hope that this will help company profits.第 6 页 共 12 页Rowena Baker is proving successful, but the Citys big investors havent been persuaded.According to retail analyst, John Matthews, Money had already been invested inrefurbishment of the store and in fact that led to the boost in sales. She took the credit,but hadnt done anything to achieve it. And in my view the companys shareholders are notconvinced. The fact is that unless she opens several more stores pretty soon, Smithsonsprofits will start to fall because turnover at the existing store will inevitably startto decline.51. According to the writer, in the mid-1990s Smithsons department storeA. was making a loss.B. had a problem keeping staff.C. was unhappy with its advertising agency.D. mostly sold goods under the Smithsons name.52. According to the writer, Smithsons profits started rising three years ago because ofA. an improvement in the retailing sector.B. the previous work done on the store.C. Rowena Bakers choice of designer.D. a change in the products on sale.53. According to Rowena Baker, one problem which Smithsons faced when she joined was thatA. the number of people using the store was falling slowly.B. its competitors offered a more specialized range of products.C. the stores prices were set at the wrong level.D. customers were unhappy with the service provided.54. According to the writer, many staff opposed Bakers plans becauseA. they were unwilling to change their way of working.B. they disagreed with her goals for the store.C. they felt they were not consulted enough about the changes.D. they were unhappy with her style of management.55. Baker has changed staff policies because she believes thatA. the corporate image can be improved through staff uniforms.B. the previous rules were not fair to customers.C. customers should be able to identify with the staff serving them.D. employees should share in company profits.Passage TwoPassage TwoQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The Affect of Electricity on CancerCan electricity cause cancer? In a society that literally runs on electric power, the第 7 页 共 12 页very idea seems preposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists andjournalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fieldswith increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. The implications are unsettling,to say the least, since everyone comes into contact with such fields, which are generatedby everything electrical, from power lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-waveovens. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has beenhard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimateorthe worst kind of paranoia.Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draftform late last week, the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious governmentwarning to date. The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests acausal link” between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields those having verylong wave-lengthsand leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer, While the report falls shortof classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertzmagnetic field as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans.”The report is no reason to panicor even to lost sleep. If there is a cancer risk,it is a small one. The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a greatdeal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objectionsfrom the Pentagon and the White House. But now no one can deny that the issue must be takenseriously and that much more research is needed.At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon: Whenan electric current passes through a wire, it generates an electromagnetic field that exertsforces on surrounding objects, For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion thatsuch forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak. The ELFmagnetic field generated by a video terminal measures only a few mill gauss, or aboutone-hundredth the strength of the earths own magnetic field, The electric fieldssurrounding a power line can be as high as 10 kilovolts per meter, but the correspondingfield induced in human cells will be only about 1 mill volt per meter. This is far lessthan the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? The consensus used to be thatthey could not, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation,like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that makeup the human body. Such “ionizing” radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancerrisks and there are regulations to control emissions.But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data,do not prove cause and effect. Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposureto ELF fields can have biological effects on animal tissues, a mechanism by which thoseeffects could lead to cancerous growths has never been found.The Pentagon is for from persuaded. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report,Air Force scientists charge its authors with having “biased the entiredocument” towardprovingalink.“Ourreviewersareconvincedthatthereisnosuggestionthat(electromagnetic fields) present in the environment induce or promote cancer,” the AirForce concludes. “It is astonishing that the EPA would lend its imprimatur on this report.”第 8 页 共 12 页Then Pentagons con cern is understandable. There is hardly a unit of the modern militarythat does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment, from hugeground-based radar towers to the defense systems built into every warship and plane.56. The main idea of this passage isA. studies on the cause of cancer.B. controversial view-points in the cause of cancer.C. the relationship between electricity and cancer.D. different ideas about the effect of electricity on cancer.57. The view-point of the EPA isA. there is casual link between electricity and cancer.B. electricity really affects cancer.C. controversial.D. low frequency electromagnetic field is a possible cause of cancer.58. Why did the Pentagon and Whit House object to the release of the report? BecauseA. it may stir a great deal of debate among the Bush Administration.B. every unit of the modern military has depended on the heavy use of some kind ofelectronic equipment.C. the Pentagons concern was understandable.D. they had different arguments.59. It can be inferred from physical phenomenonA. the force of the electromagnetic field is too weak to be harmful.B. the force of the electromagnetic field is weaker than the electric field that thecells generate.C. electromagnetic field may affect health.D. only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body.60. What do you think ordinary citizens may do after reading the different arguments?A. They are indifferent.B. They are worried very much.C. The may exercise prudent avoidance.D. They are shocked.Passage ThreePassage ThreeQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Knowledge economyThere have long been markets in tin, cocoa, silver and the like. There used to be securityin thinking that somewhere there was a product, something you could touch and see. Now thereare new markets in abstractions, trade in ideas and knowledge. Everyone has knowledge butthere used to be no way to trade itexcept through jobs. That simple fact of economic lifewas the basis for white collar employment for centuries. The whole job culture grew up第 9 页 共 12 页because there was no alternative way to sell knowledge, other than the worker or managerproviding, for a fixed price, his or her knowledge to an employer to own or control. Thequantity of knowledge provided has typically been measured in time.But today we stand at the threshold of a new era. The information economy has matured andbecome smarter. According to many business commentators, we are now living in a knowledgeeconomy .There has always been a market for knowledge, of course. The publishing industryis based on it. But today the internet is making the distribution of knowledge ever easier.The days when the publisher decided what got published are over. Anyone with a PC and amodem can talk to the world. This is reducing the friction in the knowledge economy. Everyone has knowledge of whatever industry she or he is in. say you are a computerdealer, for example. Over the years you have compiled a list of the ten best lowest priceplaces to buy wholesale computer equipment. Now you can sell your knowledge to newer, youngercomputer dealers who have no way to build up this knowledge without losing thousands ofpounds finding it out the hard way. Until now, such knowledge remained securely locked inthe recipients head, accumulated and then worthlessly withered away. This no longer needsto be the case. Such knowledge can be sold via websites. Knowledge has a distinct advantage in todays marketplace. Its a renewable resource.Better yet, it s worth actually increases. “Knowledge is the only asset that grows withuse,” observes Stanford University Professor Paul Romer. But what exactly is knowledgeand how can it be packaged to trade on an open market? “Knowledge is experientialinformation, intelligence applied thorough and gained from experience,” say Joseph Pineand James Gilmore in their book The Experience Economy. The value of knowledge often depends on variables such as time and the credibility ofthe seller. Certain knowledge may have a very limited shelf life. In sights concerning howto set up an internet business in one country, might be worth a fortune on one day and nothingthe next, depending on changes in government policy. Markets in knowledge will besignificance for one thing. They represent one of the most original uses of the webtechnology. In some corner of the globe there is a company wanting to source plastic widgetsfrom Poland, and somewhere else another company that wishes to set up a plastics factorythere. Its simply a case of connecting the two. Indicater.com is a good example of a knowledge trader. It is targeted at food servicemanagers throughout the hospitality indu stry. “We started with the context rather thanextracting money from suppliers,” explains founder Mike Day, “we offer food serviceprofessionals interactive support to increase sales and profits. People dont want anotherone-dimensional site full of advertising that doesnt help them to do their job moreeffectively. It has to be customized offering real solutions to real problems.” The sitesfeatures include access to online training and a tariff tracker to restaurants can checkprices throughout the sector.61. What point is made in the first paragraph?A. Interest in commodity markets has decreased.B. Overall levels of expertise have improved.C. Opportunities to exploit your knowledge were limited in the past.D. External market forces have meant knowledge is underpriced.第 10 页 共 12 页62. In the third paragraph, what does the writer say about knowledge?A. Acquiring knowledge can be expensive.B. The most valuable knowledge concerns IT.C. Trading knowledge raises issues of security.D. New businesses find it hard to trade in knowledge.63. What point is made about knowledge in the fourth paragraph?A. It provides specialist information.B. Its appeal lies in its exclusivity.C. it can generate new ideasD. Its value accumulates.64. Which application of knowledge does the writer regard as particularly useful?A. analyzing manufacturing trendsB. introducing compatible partiesC. interpreting time constraintsD. advising on legislation65. What key feature is provided by Indicater.com?A. approaches that reflect the providers own experienceB. access to appropriately trained potential employeesC. advice which directly benefits the bottom lineD. advertising which is carefully targetedSection B: Cloze (20 %)Section B: Cloze (20 %)Please fill in blanks 66 to 85 of the following passage. Write your answers on the AnswerPlease fill in blanks 66 to 85 of the following passage. Write your answers on the AnswerSheet.Sheet.Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise preciousto health.” But _66_some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influenceon physical fitness Laughter does _67_short-term changes in the function of the heartand its blood vessels, _68_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughteris difficult to _69_, a good laugh is unlikely to have _70_ benefits the way, say,walking or jogging does._71_, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparentlyaccomplishes the _72_, studies datingback to the 1930 s indicate that laughter_73_muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _ 74_the effects of psychological stress.Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of _75_ feedback, thatimprove an individuals emotional state. _76_one classical theory of emotion, ourfeelings are partially rooted _77_ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the19th century that humans do not cry _78_they are sad but they become sad when the tearsbegin to flow.Although sadness also _79_ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow _80_第 11 页 共 12 页muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strackof the University of wrzburg in Germany asked volunteers to _81_ a pen either with theirteeth-thereby creating an artificial smile or with their lips, which would produce a(n)_82_ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles _83_ more exuberantlyto funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, _84_ thatexpressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around _85_ , thephysical act of laughter could improve mood.66. A. amongB. exceptC. despiteD. like67. A. reflectB. demandC. indicateD. produce68. A. stabilizingB. boostingC. impairingD. determining69. A. transmitB. sustainC. evaluateD. observe70. A. measurableB. manageableC. affordable D. renewable71. A. In turnB. In factC. In addition D. In brief72. A. oppositeB. impossibleC. average D. expected73. A. hardensB. weakensC. tightens D. relaxes74. A. aggravateB. generateC. moderate D. enhance75. A. physicalB. mentalC. subconscious D. internal76. A. Except forB. According toC. Due to D. As for77. A. withB. onC. in D. at78. A. unlessB. untilC. if D. because79. A. exhaustsB. followsC. precedes D. suppresses80. A. intoB. fromC. towards D. beyond81. A. fetchB. biteC. pick D. hold82. A. disappointedB. excitedC. joyful D. indifferent83. A. adaptedB. cateredC. turned D. reacted84. A. suggestingB. requiringC. mentioning D. supposing85. A. EventuallyB. ConsequentlyC. Similarly D. ConverselyPart III. Writing (20 %)Directions: Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic:Some people believe that success in life comes from taking risks or chances. Othersbelieve that success results from careful planning. In your opinion, what does success comefrom? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and inthe secondpart you shouldsupportyour argumentwithappropriatedetails.In the lastpartyou should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded forcontent, organization, grammar andappropriateness. Failureto follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.第 12 页 共 12 页