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江苏教育学院附属高级中学蔡勇1 Practice: Practice:1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy. A. That B. What C. Why D. If2. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home. A. that B. if C. whether D. what3. This is _ he was often late for school. A. what B. that C. why D. whether4. We all know the truth _ the earth _ around the sun.A. if; moved B. that; moves C. why; move D. whether; moveACCB主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句2在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句 ( (Noun ClausesNoun Clauses)。)。名词从句的功能相当于名词从句的功能相当于名词词组名词词组, , 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词从句名词从句3名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词His job is important.What he does is important.主语This is his job.This is what he does every day. 表语4I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day. 宾语I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher. 同位语5Try to find the noun clauses in the Reading Try to find the noun clauses in the Reading section on page 2 and tell the functions.section on page 2 and tell the functions.At lunchtime, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.2. She wondered if the buses would still be running.3.The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.4. She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.Object clauseObject clausePredicative clauseObject clause6名词性从句考点归纳名词性从句考点归纳一、名词性从句的语序一、名词性从句的语序(1) 名词性从句构成有两种名词性从句构成有两种a. That + 陈述句陈述句That light travels in straight lines is known to all.b. 疑问词疑问词+句子的剩余成分句子的剩余成分 This is what we are looking for.7(2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句 语序,不能用一般疑问句语序。语序,不能用一般疑问句语序。他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗?你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗?Could you tell me where he lives? ( )Could you tell me where does he live? ( )FTTF8二、名词性从句连接词的选用二、名词性从句连接词的选用(1)that 和和what 的选用的选用that 和和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。都可引导所有的名词从句。但是,但是,what除起连接作用外,还在名除起连接作用外,还在名词性从句中充当成分,可做从句的主词性从句中充当成分,可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从在名词性从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。9that / what1._ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true ?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhat10if 和和whether 的选用的选用不能使用不能使用if 的情况:的情况:a. 主语从句主语从句b. 表语从句表语从句c. 同位语从句同位语从句e. 介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句f. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用做动词宾语不能用if to do.g .whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.11if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.6. The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8. I dont know _ to go.if / whetherWhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether12其它连接代词和副词的连用其它连接代词和副词的连用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的正确的选择选择who、which、when、where、why、how 等连接词,这些连接词既具有疑问含义,等连接词,这些连接词既具有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。13我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.Whenwhowhatwhere14引导词引导词that 的省略的省略that 可省略的情况:可省略的情况:单个宾语从句中的单个宾语从句中的that可省略可省略that不可省略的情况:不可省略的情况:a. 主语从句主语从句b.表语从句表语从句c.同位语从句同位语从句d.用用it做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句e. 并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词引导词that 不能省略不能省略15that/ (that)1.I dont think _ she is coming.2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless .4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.(that)thatthatthatthat(that)that16三、同位语从句的引导和辨别三、同位语从句的引导和辨别1.同位语从句的格式:同位语从句的格式:n.+ 连接词连接词 + 从句从句2.能接同位语从句的名词有:能接同位语从句的名词有:fact、idea, news, information, order, belief, suggestion, advice等等3.连接词通常是连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用也可根据含义选用 whether, what, when, where 等来引导同位语从句。等来引导同位语从句。171. I have no idea _ he comes from.2. He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3.He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4.I have no doubt _ he will win.5. I have some doubt _ he will win.that/ whether / where/ howwherehowthatthatwhether18同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语,它不涉及先行词的定语从句是先行词的修饰语,它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用,而且不但起连接作用,而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分,充当从句的宾语成分在定语从句中充当一个句子成分,充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。时可省略。2.同位语从句对中同位语从句对中 心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明,心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明,表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用只起连接作用,无具体无具体含义含义,且不可省略且不可省略.191.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.1.The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.2.The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.Attributive or Appositive ATAPAPAT20名词名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为结构为 should + do, should 可省略可省略 He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.21宾语从句的时态呼应宾语从句的时态呼应1. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语从句谓语 可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态. a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. He believes _ . b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Please tell me _.his dream will come true some daywhat you were doing at this time yesterday222. 如果主句谓语是过去时如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的从句谓语动词一般用过去的 某种时态某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规 律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。 He told me _ . 他说他已离开家乡十年了。他说他已离开家乡十年了。 He told me _. 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。 The teacher tell us _he was preparing for the examinationHe had been away from his hometown for ten yearslight travels in a straight line.23Practice time241.It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how2.It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how3.It _ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B. thinks that C. is thought that D. is thought that4.It _ he is late for class. A. may that B. might that C. may be that D. might be what5.This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what6.The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when257.The question is _ it is worth doing. A. if B. whether C. which D. what8.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time. A. because B. why C. that D. what9.My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields. A. what B. that C. which D. where10.His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot of the mountain. A. build B. will build C. be built D. will be built11.My advice is that he _ regular house. A. keep B. would keep C. keeps D. kept12._ knows the truth will tell you about it. A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who2613.We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun. A. that B. which C. what D. whether14.We heard the news _ our team had won. A. which B. that C. what D. where15.The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided. A. which B. that C. whether D. if16.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. where27 Thank you28只要我们坚持了,就没有克服不了的困难。或许,为了将来,为了自己的发展,我们会把一件事情想得非常透彻,对自己越来越严,要求越来越高,对任何机会都不曾错过,其目的也只不过是不让自己随时陷入逆境与失去那种面对困难不曾屈服的精神。但有时,“千里之行,始于足下。”我们更需要用时间持久的用心去做一件事情,让自己其中那小小的浅浅的进步,来击破打破突破自己那本以为可以高枕无忧十分舒适的区域,强迫逼迫自己一刻不停的马不停蹄的一直向前走,向前看,向前进。所有的未来,都是靠脚步去丈量。没有走,怎么知道,不可能;没有去努力,又怎么知道不能实现?幸福都是奋斗出来的。那不如,生活中、工作中,就让这“幸福都是奋斗出来的”完完全全彻彻底底的渗入我们的心灵,着心、心平气和的去体验、去察觉这一种灵魂深处的安详,侧耳聆听这仅属于我们自己生命最原始最动人的节奏。但,这种聆听,它绝不是仅限于、执着于“我”,而是观察一种生命状态能够扩展和超脱到什么程度,也就是那“幸福都是奋斗出来的”深处又会是如何?生命不止,奋斗不息!又或者,对于很多优秀的人来说,我们奋斗了一辈子,拼搏了一辈子,也只是人家的起点。可是,这微不足道的进步,对于我们来说,却是幸福的,也是知足的,因为我们清清楚楚的知道自己需要的是什么,隐隐约约的感觉到自己的人生正把握在自己手中,并且这一切还是通过我们自己勤勤恳恳努力,去积极争取的!“宝剑锋从磨砺出,梅花香自苦寒来。”当我们坦然接受这人生的终局,或许,这无所皈依的心灵就有了归宿,这生命中觅寻处那真正的幸福、真正的清香也就从此真正的灿烂了我们的人生。一生有多少属于我们的时光?陌上的花,落了又开了,开了又落了。无数个岁月就这样在悄无声息的时光里静静的流逝。童年的玩伴,曾经的天真,只能在梦里回味,每回梦醒时分,总是多了很多伤感。不知不觉中,走过了青春年少,走过了人世间风风雨雨。爱过了,恨过了,哭过了,笑过了,才渐渐明白,酸甜苦辣咸才是人生的真味!生老病死是自然规律。所以,面对生活中经历的一切顺境和逆境都学会了坦然承受,面对突然而至的灾难多了一份从容和冷静。这世上没有什么不能承受的,只要你有足够的坚强!这世上没有什么不能放下的,只要你有足够的胸襟!一生有多少属于我们的时光?当你为今天的落日而感伤流泪的时候,你也将错过了明日的旭日东升;当你为过去的遗憾郁郁寡欢,患得患失的时候,你也将忽略了沿途美丽的风景,淡漠了对未来美好生活的憧憬。没有十全十美的生活,没有一帆风顺的旅途。波平浪静的人生太乏味,抑郁忧伤的人生少欢乐,风雨过后的彩虹最绚丽,历经磨砺的生命才丰盈而深刻。见过了各样的人生:有的轻浮,有的踏实;有的喧哗,有的落寞;有的激扬,有的低回。肉体凡胎的我们之所以苦恼或喜悦,大都是缘于生活里的际遇沉浮,走不出个人心里的藩篱。也许我们能挺得过物质生活的匮乏,却不能抵挡住内心的种种纠结。其实幸福和欢乐大多时候是对人对事对生活的一种态度,一花一世界,一树一菩提,就是一粒小小的沙子,也有自己精彩的乾坤。如果想到我们终有一天会灰飞烟灭,一切象风一样无影亦无踪,还去争个什么?还去抱怨什么?还要烦恼什么?未曾生我谁是我?生我之时我是谁?长大成人方是我,合眼朦胧又是谁?一生真的没有多少时光,何必要和生活过不去,和自己过不去呢。你在与不在,太阳每天都会照常升起;你愁与不愁,生活都将要继续。时光不会因你而停留,你却会随着光阴而老去。有些事情注定会发生,有的结局早已就预见,那么就改变你可以改变的,适应你必须去适应的。面对幸与不幸,换一个角度,改变一种思维,也许心空就不再布满阴霾,头上就是一片蔚蓝的天。一生能有多少属于我们的时光,很多事情,很多人已经渐渐模糊。而能随着岁月积淀下来,在心中无法忘却的,一定是触动心灵,甚至是刻骨铭心的,无论是伤痛是欢愉。人生无论是得意还是失意,都不要错过了清早的晨曦,正午的骄阳,夕阳的绚烂,暮色中的朦胧。经历过很多世态炎凉之后,你终于能懂得:谁会在乎你?你又何必要别人去在乎?生于斯世,赤条条的来,也将身无长物的离开,你在世上得到的,失去的,最终都会化作尘埃。原本就不曾带来什么,所以也谈不到失去什么,因此,对自己经历的幸与不幸都应怀有一颗平常心有一颗平常心,面对人生小小的不如意或是飞来横祸就能坦然接受,知道人有旦夕祸福,这和命运没什么关系;有一颗平常心,面对台下的鲜花掌声和头上的光环,身上的浮名都能清醒看待。花不常开,人不常在。再热闹华美的舞台也有谢幕的时候;再奢华的宴席,悠扬的乐曲,总有曲终人散的时刻。春去秋来,我们无法让季节停留;同样如同季节一样无法挽留的还有我们匆匆的人生。谁会在乎你?生养我们的父母。纵使我们有千般不是,纵使我们变成了穷光蛋,唯有父母会依然在乎!为你愁,为你笑,为你牵挂,为你满足。这风云变幻的世界,除了父母,不敢在断言还会有谁会永远的在乎你!看惯太多海誓山盟的感情最后星流云散;看过太多翻云覆雨的友情灰飞烟灭。你春风得意时前呼后拥的都来锦上添花;你落寞孤寂时,曾见几人焦急赶来为你雪中送炭。其实,谁会在乎你?除了父母,只有你自己。父母待你再好,总要有离开的时日;再恩爱夫妻,有时也会劳燕分飞,孩子之于你,就如同你和父母;管鲍贫交,俞伯牙和钟子期,这样的肝胆相照,从古至今有几人?不是把世界想的太悲观,世事白云苍狗,要在纷纷扰扰的生活中,懂得爱惜自己。不羡慕如昙花一现的的流星,虽然灿烂,却是惊鸿一瞥;宁愿做一颗小小的暗淡的星子,即使不能同日月争辉,也有自己无可取代的位置其实,也不该让每个人都来在乎自己,每个人的人生都是单行道,世上绝没有两片完全相同的树叶。大家生活得都不容易,都有自己方向。相识就是缘分吧,在一起的时候,要多想着能为身边的人做点什么,而不是想着去得到和索取。与人为善,以直报怨,我们就会内心多一份宁静,生活多一份和谐没有谁会在乎你的时候,要学会每时每刻的在乎自己。在不知不觉间,已经走到了人生的分水岭,回望过去生活的点滴,路也茫茫,心也茫茫。少不更事的年龄,做出了一件件现在想来啼笑皆非的事情:斜阳芳草里,故作深沉地独对晚风夕照;风萧萧兮,渴望成为一代侠客;一遍遍地唱着罗大佑的童年,期待着做那个高年级的师兄;一天天地幻想,生活能轰轰烈烈。没有刀光剑影,没有死去活来,青春就在浑浑噩噩、懵懵懂懂中悄然滑过。等到发觉逝去的美好,年华的可贵,已经被无可奈何地推到了滚滚红尘。从此,青春就一去不回头。没有了幻想和冲动,日子就像白开水一样平淡,寂寞地走过一天天,一年年。涉世之初,还有几分棱角,有几许豪情。在碰了壁,折了腰之后,终于明白,生活不是童话,世上本没有白雪公主和青蛙王子,原本是一张白纸似的人生,开始被染上了光怪陆离的色彩。你情愿也罢,被情愿也罢,生存,就要适应身不由己,言不由衷的生活。人到中年,突然明白了许多:人生路漫漫,那是说给还不知道什么叫人生的人说的,人生其实很短暂,百年一瞬间;世事难预料,是至理名言,这一辈子,你遇见了谁,擦肩而过了谁,谁会是你真心的良朋益友,谁会和你牵手相伴一生, 29
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