英语的词性 实词实词 名词 n.、代词 pron.、数词num.、形容词adj.、副词adv.、动词v. 虚词虚词冠词art.、介词prep.、连词conj.、叹词inter.英语的句子成分v主要成分v主语、谓语主语、谓语v次要成分v宾语、定语、表语、状语、宾补、同位语宾语、定语、表语、状语、宾补、同位语 句句子子结结构构分分类类 简单简单句句 Simple Sentences 含有一个主含有一个主语语（或并（或并列主列主语语）和一个）和一个谓语谓语（或（或并列并列谓语谓语）的句子）的句子 并列句并列句 Compound Sentences 包含两个或两个以上包含两个或两个以上主主谓结谓结构的句子且句子之构的句子且句子之间间有并列有并列连词连词and/but等或等或用分号用分号连连接接 复合句复合句 Complex Sentences 包含一个主句和一个包含一个主句和一个从句或一个主句和多个从从句或一个主句和多个从句的句子，且从句用从属句的句子，且从句用从属连词连词引引导导Type 2. Type 2. S+ViS+ViType 3. S+ Type 3. S+ VtVt + O + OType 4. S+ Type 4. S+ VtVt + O1+ O2 + O1+ O2Type 1. S+ link V+PType 1. S+ link V+PType 5. S+ Type 5. S+ VtVt+ O+ OC+ O+ OC1.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语（表语（ S+Link.V+P ），说），说 明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。You are students.We are in the classroom.We are good friends, arent we? 其其 它它系动词系动词状态：状态：seem, appear, prove - 感官：感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look -变化：变化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow - 持续：持续：remain, stay, keep, continue -beautifulsurprisedtoareseemswent Correct mistakes:1. Her voice sounds beautifully.2. The whole company was surprising at the news. 3. To see is believe.4. It seem a good idea.5. The lights still on.6. All the potatoes changed bad.7. Jim was remained a worker.2.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词 ( S + Vi. )Our school lies in the center of our city.注：注：不及物动词不能用于被动语态。不及物动词不能用于被动语态。 The car accident was happened yesterday.You will graduate from it next year.3.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语（宾语（S+Vt+O） I like my job very much. Each of you has a dream . 注：及物动词可用于被动语态注：及物动词可用于被动语态A great deal of water is used by people in that city.People use a great deal of water in that city.（主动语态主动语态）（被动语态被动语态）4.S + Vt + O1(sb)+ O2(sth) O2(sth)+to/for+ O1(sb)此Vt后必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。用to表动作的方向，“朝着，对着”用for表动作的受益者，“为了，替”常跟双宾语的Vt有：（to）bring,give,lend,offer,promise,send,show,teach,tell,ask(for) buy,call,find,get,make,ordereg. She bought me a beatiful skirt. She bought a beatiful skirt for me.5.S + Vt + O + O.C此结构中Vt后必须跟一个宾语和一个宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。feel,make,find,think(认为),consider(认为)eg. We will make our school more beatiful.1. The machine doesnt work.1. The machine doesnt work.2. He is an honest student.2. He is an honest student.3. The silk feels soft.3. The silk feels soft.4. I have a lot of friends here. 4. I have a lot of friends here. 5. Tom lent me 200 dollars.5. Tom lent me 200 dollars.6. I saw him writing a letter.6. I saw him writing a letter.7. I find 7. I find mathsmaths difficult. difficult.8. We call her Lily.8. We call her Lily.9. Father asked me to turn off the TV.9. Father asked me to turn off the TV.主主谓谓宾宾定定状状表表宾补宾补主主系系表表主主系系主主谓谓主主主主主主主主主主谓谓谓谓谓谓谓谓谓谓宾宾宾宾宾宾宾补宾补宾补宾补宾补宾补宾宾宾宾宾宾句子成分常用词性主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语定语定语状语状语表语表语宾补宾补n/pron.n./pron.Adj.Adv.n./adj.n./adj./to do /doingV