Unit 2Unit 2English around the worldEnglish around the worldItemsStudying aims and demandsWords 名 词： elevator, petrol, gas, voyage, apartment, AD,vocabulary, spelling, identity, Singapore, Malaysia,usage, expression, lorry, accent, lightning, block, cab 动 词： recognize 形容词：official, gradual, latter, fluent, frequent, midwestern, African, eastern, southeastern, northwestern 副 词： actually, gradually, fluently, frequently 兼类词：native (adj./n.), base (vt./n.), Danish (n./adj.), command (n./vt.), request (n./vt.), Spanish (adj./n.), straight (adv./adj.)Expressionsbecause of, come up, at present, make use of, such as, play a part (in)Sentences 1.Which country do you think has the most English learners? 2Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dontspeak the same kind of English. 3Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.GrammarDirect Speech and Indirect Speech (): requests and commands(直接引语和间接引语()：祈使句的直接引语和间接引语)Topics 1.English language and its development (英语语言及其发展) 2Different kinds of English (不同种类的英语)Writing如何写好并列句Section Section Warming Up & ReadingWarming Up & ReadingOld English (4501150 AD)The invading ( 侵 入 ) Germanic tribes ( 日 耳 曼 民 族 ) spokesimilar languages, which in Britain developed into what we nowcall Old English.Old English did not sound or look like Englishtoday.Native English speakers now would have great difficultyunderstanding Old English.Nevertheless, about half of the mostcommonly used words in Modern English have Old Englishroots.The words, strong and water, for example, derive from OldEnglish.Middle English (11501500)In 1066 William the Conqueror ( 征 服 者 ), invaded andconquered England.The new conquerors (called the Normans)brought with them a kind of French, which became the language ofthe Royal Court.For a period there was a kind of linguistic classdivision ( 语言阶级划分), where the lower classes spoke Englishand the upper classes spoke French.In the 14th century Englishbecame dominant in Britain again, but with many French wordsadded.This language is called Middle English.Modern EnglishEarly Modern English (15001800)Towards the end of Middle English, a sudden and distinctchange in pronunciation started, with vowels ( 元 音 ) beingpronounced shorter and shorter.From the 16th century the Britishhad contacted with many peoples from around the world.This, andthe Renaissance of Classical Learning, meant that many new wordsandphrasesenteredthelanguage.Printingalsobroughtstandardization to English.Spelling and grammar became fixed, andthe dialect of London, where most publishing houses (出版社) were,became the standard.In 1604 the first English dictionary waspublished.Late Modern English (1800Present)The main difference between Early Modern English and LateModern English is vocabulary.Late Modern English has many morewords.One of the reason is that the Industrial Revolution andtechnology created a need for new words.小组讨论1How many languages can you speak? Do you like them?2Do you think learning a foreign language is difficult?3Is learning foreign languages necessary and important? Whyor why not?一、在空格处填上适当的词概括课文The first passage shows a very brief (1)_ of theEnglish language.English has (2)_ and developed with(3)_ culture over time.Nowadays, it is also spoken(4)_ a foreign or second language in many (5)_countries.historychangeditsasother二、根据课文内容，选择最佳答案1 English began to be spoken in many other countries_.AAin the 17th centuryBat the end of the 16th centuryCin the 18th centuryDin the 19th centuryD2Which of the following statements is TRUE?ALanguages always stay the same.BLanguages change only after wars.CLanguages no longer change.DLanguages change when cultures change.3 From AD 450 to 1150, English sounded more like_.CAFrenchCGermanBChineseDRussian4Shakespeares English was spoken around _.DA1400sB1500sC450sD1600s5 Which country has the fastest growing number of Englishspeakers in the world?BAAustralia.CIndia.BChina.DBritain.三、段落大意匹配PartE1Para 12Para 243Para 54Para 65Para 7ATwo big changes which settled theEnglish language in America.BThe reasons of the constant change of theEnglish language.CDifferent words are used by differentspeakers but they make no trouble.DThe wide use of the English language inAsiand other parts of the world.EThe development of English from the endof the 16th century to today.Main IdeaCBAD四、课文内容填空At the end of the 16th century English was only spoken bypeople(1)_England.Theywerethe(2)_speakers.Today, the largest number of people speaking English maybe in (3)_ because a lot of Chinese people learn and speakEnglish as their foreign language.Old English (4)_ (sound) more or less like German forit was (5)_ (base) on German, but (6)_ Englishsounds more like French than German because England was onceruled by the French.fromnativeChinasoundedbasedmodernTwo people had great effects (7)_ the Englishchanges.One was Shakespeare, who (8)_ the Englishvocabulary and the other was Noah Webster, who wrote adictionary.The dictionary gave (9)_ (America) English itsown (10)_Americanonidentityenlarged/enrichedLater in the next century, people from England madevoyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that,English began to be spoken in many other countries. 在 17 世纪后期，英国人航海去征服世界的其他地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语。1voyage n航行；航海典例The vogage from America to France used to take twomonths.从美国到法国的航行过去要花两个月的时间。辨析voyage/journey/travel/trip(1)voyage 主要指水上或空中的旅行，是正式用语。(2)journey 多指有目的地的陆地长途旅行(有时也可指水上或空中的旅行)，不含回到原出发地之意。有时也可指经常走的或长或短的路程。(3)travel 意义广泛，可以指所有的旅行和游历，不分时间长短，不论路途远近，不强调用什么交通工具。(4)trip 是非正式用语，常指时间较短、距离较近的旅行，并意味着旅行结束后要回到原地。拓展go on a voyage 去旅行make a voyage to.去旅行运用用上面所提供的辨析词填空We made a to Australia by water.Today is a good day for a _._ is much cheaper than it used to be.He is going to make a long _ to the South Pole.voyage/journeytripTraveljourney2because of 因为；由于典例Because of the storm, he didnt go there.因为暴风雨他没有去那里。辨析because of/because(1)because of 是介词短语，后接名词、代词、动名词短语或名词性从句。(2)because 是连词，后接原因状语从句。拓展与 because of 同义的短语有：as a result of 作为的结果；由于due to 由于owing to 由于thanks to 多亏；由于运用用上面所提供的辨析词或短语填空He didnt go to school _ he was ill._ his illness, he didnt go to school.becauseBecause ofId like to come up to your apartment. 我想去你的公寓(坐坐)。3come up 走近；上来；提出典例One of the teachers came up to talk to me.其中一个老师走过来跟我说话。拓展come up with 提出；想出come about 出现；发生；实现come across 偶遇come out 出来；传出；发行；发芽；结果是come over 过来；顺便来访运用用 come 及其构成的短语的适当形式填空The problem will _ for discussion.That magazine _ every Monday.How did this accident _？I _ an old friend in the street thisafternoon.comeupcomesoutcomeaboutcame acrossIt was based more on German than the English we speakat present.当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。4be based on 根据；以为基础典例This novel is based on fact.这本小说以事实为基础。拓展base sth.on sth.根据；基于He based his hopes on the good news we had yesterday.他把他所有的希望都寄托在我们昨天的好消息上。运用完成句子，每空一词isbasedonThis report _ _ _ (以为基础)the figures from six different Chinese cities.basedonHe _ the book _ (根据) his own life.5at present (now) 现在；目前典例At present, I dont want to get married.目前，我还不想结婚。拓展for the present 暂时；暂且up to the present 直到现在；至今运用完成句子，每空一词_ _ ( 目 前 ), environmental protection isvery important.AtpresentWe are not going to Japan, at least _ _ (暂时)forthepresentSo by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of awider vocabulary than ever before.所以到 17 世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。6make use of 利用；使用点拨make use of 中的 use 可用形容词 good, full 等修饰，表示“好好/充分利用”。如：We must make full use of the resources we have.我们必须充分利用我们现有的资源。拓展make fun of 取笑make a joke of 拿开玩笑运用完成句子，每空一词We should _ _ _ _ ( 好好利用) the books in the library.People often _ _ _ ( 取笑) my bignose.Its an important question.Dont _ _ _ (拿开玩笑) it.makegooduseofmakefunofmakeajokeofThe latter gave a separate identity to American Englishspelling.后者体现了美国英语拼写的不同特色。7latter adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的典例My grandmother showed great interest in Britishliterature during her latter years.我祖母在她的后半生中对英国文学很感兴趣。辨析latter/later/latest/last(1)latter 用来表示两个事物之间的顺序，意为 “后一个的”，与 former (前者的)相对。(2)later 用来表示时间上“稍迟的；较晚的”，常用于 later on(后来), sooner or later (迟早)等短语中。(3)latest 意为“最近的；最新的”。(4)last 用来表示顺序中的“最后一个”，用于三者以上的事物。运用用上面所提供的辨析词填空_ of all, I want to tell you our next meeting will beheld two weeks _.I am not free at 8 oclock.Is there a _ film?He has more work to do in the _ half of the year.His _ book will be published in April.LastlaterlaterlatterlatestEnglish is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia andcountries in Africa such as South Africa.在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲其他国家，比如南非，人们也说英语。8such as 例如；像这种的典例That store sells camping supplies such as tents andbagpacks.那家店卖露营用品，例如帐篷和登山背包。辨析such as/for example(1)such as 意为“例如，像(like)”，用来列举同类人或物中的“几个”例子，但不全部列出。 用 such as 来列举时，后面直接跟被列举的名词，不用逗号，一般不与 and so on 连用。(2)for example 一般只列举同类人或物当中的“一个”，作为插入语，用逗号隔开，可以置于句首、句中或句末。运用用上面所提供的辨析短语填空 People can learn many languages in this school,_French, German, Spanish.A lot of towns here, _， Shilong, have avery long history.suchasforexample本课时词汇拓展词汇构词法小结official adj.官方的；正式的；公务的office n办公室1.-cal 为形容词后缀，表 political 政治的。2-ly 为副词后缀，表示“状态，程度”。如： badly 拙劣地。gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的gradually adv.逐 渐地；逐步地fluent adj.流利的；流畅的fluently adv.流利 地；流畅地frequent adj.频繁的；常见的frequently adv.常 常；频繁地示“属于的”。如：运用用所给单词的适当形式填空1 Yesterday afternoon an _ letter was sent to his_.(official)officialoffice2 I can see there has been a _ improvement in theirrelationship, so I believe a close friendship will _ grow upbetween them.(gradual)gradualgradually3 We all admire ( 钦 佩 ) Tom for he can speak and writeEnglish quite _ and can give a _ performance ofthe violin as well.(fluent)fluentlyfluent4 He was asked the same questions _ while he wasmaking a speech and his _ pauses ( 停 顿 ) in his speechmade him very angry.(frequent)frequentlyfrequent1 Which country do you think has the most Englishlearners? 你认为哪个国家拥有最多的英语学习者？点拨英语中 do you think/do you believe/do you expect/doyou guess/do you suppose 用于疑问句时，要作为插入语放在特殊疑问词后，其他内容紧跟其后并用陈述句语序。如：What time do you expect we will come and pick you up ？你希望我们几点来接你？When do you suppose the film will begin?你估计这部电影何时上映？运用完成句子，每空一词_ _ _ _ ( 你 认 为 什 么 ) hewill do after he hears about the good news?Whatdoyouthink/suppose2 Today, more people speak English as their first, secondor a foreign language than ever before. 如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多了，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。点拨than ever before 常与比较级连用，意为“比以往任何时候更”。如：Its raining harder than ever before.雨下得比以前更大。运用完成句子，每空一词Janelooks_ (比以前漂亮多了)muchprettierthaneverbefore3Native English speakers can understand each other evenif they dont speak the same kind of English.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互交流。点拨even if/even though 是连词，意为“即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。even if 与 even though 可以互换，但 even if更强调假定性。如：Even if we can go out to play, we wont do.即使我们能出去玩，我们也不想去。注意：even if/though 引导的从句不用将来时。运用完成句子，每空一词evenif/thoughIm determined to get a seat for the concert _ (即使) it means standing in a queue all night.