Unit2TheFineArtofPuttingThingsOff1AppreciationofthemovieFlippedBackgroundInformation/Director：RobReinerisanAmericanactor,director,producer,writer,andpoliticalactivist.Fromthe1980stopresentday,ReinerhasbeenknownasadirectorofsuccessfulHollywoodfilms.SomeofthesefilmsThe Princess Bride,Stand by Me,andThis Is Spinal Taphaveachievedcultstatus.ReinerhasstatedthatthefilmwhichwillgodownashismasterpieceisStand by Me.Thefilmisalsohisfavoritefilmofhisownwork.2Reinerhasgoneontodirectothercriticallyandcommerciallysuccessfulfilmswithhisowncompany,CastleRockEntertainment,suchasWhen Harry Met Sally.,Misery,andhismostcommerciallysuccessfulworkA Few Good Men.3OneofReinersmostrecentfilms,The Bucket List,wasreleasedinDecember2007andstarredJackNicholsonandMorganFreemanastwoterminallyillmenwhoescapefromacancerwardandheadoffonaroadtripwithawishlistoftaskstoaccomplishbeforetheydie.Reinerslatestfilm,Flipped,wasreleasedin2010Inthismovie,thedirectorportraitssix-yearjourneyofa“relationship”betweentwoneighborhoodyoungsters41. This Is Spinal TapActor,Director,Song-Writer(1984)摇滚万岁2.The Sure ThingDirector(1985)犯贱情人3. Stand by MeDirector(1986)伴我同行本片获1987年金球奖最佳电影、最佳导演提名，1987年奥斯卡奖最佳编剧提名。4. The Princess BrideDirector(1987)公主新娘1988年奥斯卡最佳音乐奖；1987年多伦多国际电影节民选奖Letslookathimasdirector:55. When Harry Met Sally.Director(1989)当哈利碰上莎莉影片以柏拉图式感情的可能性（或称不可能性）为主题，展现了都市男女的困惑。6. MiseryDirector(1990)危情十日（斯蒂芬金的小说改编）7. A Few Good MenDirector(1992)好人寥寥或义海雄风汤姆克鲁斯TomCruise；戴米摩尔DemiMoore；杰克尼科尔森JackNicholson1993年奥斯卡最佳影片，最佳男配角，最佳剪辑，最佳音响四项提名68. NorthDirector(1994)9. The American PresidentDirector(1995)白宫夜未眠10. Ghosts of MississippiDirector(1996)密西西比谋杀案11. The Story of UsDirector(1999)KISS情人布鲁斯威利斯BruceWillis；米歇尔菲佛MichellePfeiffer712. Alex & EmmaDirector(2003)当阿历克斯遇到艾玛13. Rumor Has It.-Director(2005)流言蜚语（珍妮弗安妮斯顿JenniferAniston凯文科斯特纳KevinCostner）14. The Bucket ListDirector(2007)遗愿清单15. FlippedDirector,Producer,Screenplay(2010)怦然心动8GeneralQuestions:1.Howmanycharactersarethereinthemovie?2.Andwhoarethey?3.2.Describetherelationshipbetweenthetwomaincharacters:JuliandBryce.4.3.Describethetwofamilyinyourownwordsfromyourperspective.91.Howmanycharactersarethereinthemovie?Andwhoarethey?Juli;Juliannas/Julisfatherandmother;Julistwinbrothers.Julisretardeduncle,Daniel;Julisgirlfriend;AndSherry/anothergirlwholikesBryceatschoolBryce;Brycesgrandfather;Brycesfatherandmother;Brycessister.Theirneighbors:theladywhoboughttheeggsfromJuli102.Describetherelationshipbetweenthetwomaincharacters:JuliandBryceOnthedayBrycemovesintoavaguelyruralsuburbofanunnamedtown,Juliflipsoverhim.However,thesecond-gradeboywantsnothingtodowithher.SoJuli,wholivesacrossthestreet,stalksBryceforsixyearsuntiljuniorhigh.Thisamountsto,asBrycesvoice-overnarrationputsit,“halfadecadeofstrategicavoidanceandsocialdiscomfort.”ButwhenJulifindsthatBryceisalsoapersonwhoislessthanthesum,shedeterminesnottolikehimanymore.Atthistime,BrycefindsthathealwayslikesJuli.ThisisthestorybetweenJuliandBryce.113.Describethetwofamiliesinyourownwordsfromyourownperspective:Brycesmomanddadstandforsuperficialvaluesandmisleadingappearances.Hisdadisbitterandsnide.Butsadly,hemusthavetradedhisone-timeartisticbent(saxophoneplaying)forbread-winnerdutiesandmiddle-classsocialvirtues.InBrycesfamily,onlyhisgrandfatherreachesouttobefriendwithJulisfamily.HehelpsJulitameherfrontyardandilldisguiseshisdisdainforhisson-in-lawspretensions.12Juliesfamilyisartisticandgoodhearted.Dadpaintslandscapes,andMomworkspart-timejobssothefamilycanfunnelmuchoftheirmoneyintomaintainingDadsmentallydisabledbrother,Daniel,inaprivate-carefacility.Twinbrothershavemusicaltalent.13WhatisProcrastination?Procrastinationisputtingofforavoidingdoingsomethingthatmustbedone.Itisnaturaltoprocrastinateoccasionally.However,excessiveprocrastinationcanresultinguiltfeelingsaboutnotdoingataskwhenitshouldbedone.Itcanalsocauseanxietysincethetaskstillneedstobedone.Further,excessiveprocrastinationcancausepoorperformanceifthetaskiscompletedwithoutsufficienttimetodoitwell.Inshort,excessiveprocrastinationcaninterferewithschoolandpersonalsuccess.14Doyouprocrastinate?Doyouputthingsoff?Findyourselfmakingexcusestogetoutofbothersomelittleduties?Inshort,areyou guilty of that nasty habit of procrastination?Were all guilty of it from time to time, but whenputting things off interferes with your life, therescause for concern. Procrastination can causeproblems at work or school, in your relationships,andwithyourhealth,amongotherthings.Findoutwhyyouprocrastinate.15InstructionsofProcrastinationTestEachprocrastinationquestionpointstodifferentbutoverlappingprocrastinationactivities.Youranswerisonathreepointscale:not me,somewhat like me,like me.Scorezerofornotme,oneforsomewhatlikeme,andtwoforlikeme.Whenyoufinishthetest,totalyourscore.16TheProcrastinationTestNot me Somewhat like me Like me1.Procrastinationcomesnaturallytome._2.IhaveresponsibilitiesthatImnotdoing._3.Ihaveplansthatstayonthedrawingboard._4.Isidestepuncomfortablepriorities._5.Itellmyselfthatlateristhetimetobegin._6.IstartthingsthatIdontfinish._7.Ihaveahabitofshowinguplate._8.Idelayactingtomeetadeadline._9.Ifindwaystoextenddeadlines._10.Icomeupwithexcusestoexplaindelays._1711.Iputoffharddecisions._12.WhenImnotsure,Illavoidthesituation._13.Iputoffmakinganeededlifestylechange._14.Mypessimismcausesdelays._15.MyemotionsaffectwhatIdo._16.Myintimaterelationshipisgoingnowhere._17.Iavoidwhatfrustratesme._18.Igetside-trackedbyconflicts._19.Mydoubtsandfearsinhibitmyactions._20.WhenIfeelanxious,IllavoidwhatIfear._18InterpretationEvenwhensomestatementsseemsimilar,theywonthavethesamefeelbecausetheyhavedifferentnuances.Studythesubtlety.Itsayssomethingabouthowyouperceivesituationsorwhatyoudoasresultofyourperceptions.Forexample,itemsixsuggestsbehavior procrastination.Thisisdifferentfromintrigue procrastination(item18),ordecision-making procrastination(item11).19Procrastinationrangesfromaninconvenience,toahindrance,todisabling.Andthemeaningofyourtotalscoreissuggestive.Ifyouhaveazerototalscore,whatareyoudoingwastingyourtimetakingthistest?0-15:youneedtopayattentiontotheitemsonwhichyoualwaysscore“2”,becausetheseareyourprocrastinationtendenciesorcausesandtheycanbringinconveniencetoyourlife;15-30:youneedtoretrospectyourlifeandtrytoimprovewhatyoucandoaboutyourprocrastinationbehavior,becausetheyhavealreadybecomehindrancetoyourlife;Ifyouscore30ormore,youhavecometotherightblogsite.20Supposeyoumarkmostitemstwo.Maybeyouretoohardonyourself.However,dontdespair.Insteadofmanydifferenttypesofprocrastinationtoaddress,whatyoulikelyhavearemanyexamplesofsomebasicconditionsforprocrastination.Forexample,yourprocrastinationmaybeacombinationof(1)self-doubtsandhesitation,and(2)tensionsensitivityanddiscomfortdodgingreactions.Progressinoneareacancauseimprovementsintheother.21OvercomingProcrastinationIntroductionWilliamKnaus,apsychologist,estimatedthat90%ofcollegestudentsprocrastinate.Ofthesestudents,25%arechronicprocrastinatorsandtheyareusuallytheoneswhoendupdroppingoutofcollege.WhatisProcrastination?Procrastinationistheavoidanceofdoingataskwhichneedstobeaccomplished.Thiscanleadtofeelingsofguilt,inadequacy,depressionandself-doubtamongstudents.Procrastinationhasahighpotentialforpainfulconsequences.Itinterfereswiththeacademicandpersonalsuccessofstudents.22ExcessiveProcrastination?Procrastinationisputtingofforavoidingdoingsomethingthatmustbedone.Itisnaturaltoprocrastinateoccasionally.However,excessiveprocrastinationcanresultinguiltfeelingsaboutnotdoingataskwhenitshouldbedone.Itcanalsocauseanxietysincethetaskstillneedstobedone.Further,excessiveprocrastinationcancausepoorperformanceifthetaskiscompletedwithoutsufficienttimetodoitwell.Inshort,excessiveprocrastinationcaninterferewithschoolandpersonalsuccess.23WhydoStudentsProcrastinate?1.PoorTimeManagement.Procrastinationmeansnotmanagingtimewisely.Youmaybeuncertainofyourpriorities,goalsandobjectives.Youmayalsobeoverwhelmedwiththetask.Asaresult,youkeepputtingoffyouracademicassignmentsforalaterdate,orspendingagreatdealoftimewithyourfriendsandsocialactivities,orworryingaboutyourupcomingexamination,classprojectandpapersratherthancompletingthem.242.DifficultyConcentrating.Whenyousitatyourdeskyoufindyourselfdaydreaming,staringintospace,lookingatpicturesofyourboyfriend/girlfriend,etc.,insteadofdoingthetask.3.Yourenvironmentisdistractingandnoisy.Youkeeprunningbackandforthforequipmentsuchaspencils,erasers,dictionary,etc.Yourdeskisclutteredandunorganizedandsometimesyousit/layonyourbedtostudyordoyourassignments.Youprobablynoticethatalloftheexamplesthatyouhavejustreadpromotetimewastingandfrustration.254.FearandAnxiety.Youmaybeoverwhelmedwiththetaskandafraidofgettingafailinggrade.Asaresult,youspendagreatdealoftimeworryingaboutyourupcomingexams,papersandprojects,ratherthancompletingthem.5.NegativeBeliefssuchas;IcannotsucceedinanythingandIlackthenecessaryskillstoperformthetaskmayallowyoutostopyourselffromgettingworkdone.266.Personalproblems.Forexample,financialdifficulties,problemswithyourboyfriend/girlfriend,etc.7.FindingtheTaskBoring.8.UnrealisticExpectationsandPerfectionism.YoumaybelievethatyouMUSTreadeverythingeverwrittenonasubjectbeforeyoucanbegintowriteyourpaper.Youmaythinkthatyouhaventdonethebestyoupossiblycoulddo,soitsnotgoodenoughtohandin.279.FearofFailure.YoumaythinkthatifyoudontgetanA,youarefailure.Orthatifyoufailanexam,you,asaperson,areafailure,ratherthanthatyouareaperfectlyokpersonwhohasfailedanexam.28HowDoIKnowifIProcrastinateExcessively?Youprocrastinateexcessivelyifyouagreewithfiveormoreofthefollowingstatements:1.IoftenputoffstartingataskIfinddifficult2.IoftengiveuponataskassoonasIstarttofinditdifficult.3.IoftenwonderwhyIshouldbedoingatask.4.Ioftenhavedifficultygettingstartedonatask.5.IoftentrytodosomanytasksatoncethatIcannotdoanyofthem.6.IoftenputoffataskinwhichIhavelittleornointerest.297.IoftentrytocomeupwithreasonstodosomethingotherthanataskIhavetodo.8.IoftenignoreataskwhenIamnotcertainabouthowtostartitorcompleteit.9.Ioftenstartataskbutstopbeforecompletingit.10.IoftenfindmyselfthinkingthatifIignoreatask,itwillgoaway.11.IoftencannotdecidewhichofanumberoftasksIshouldcompletefirst.12.IoftenfindmymindwanderingtothingsotherthanthetaskonwhichIamtryingtowork.30HowtoOvercomeProcrastination1.Recognizeself-defeatingproblemssuchas;fearandanxiety,difficultyconcentrating,poortimemanagement,indecisivenessandperfectionism.2.Identifyyourowngoals,strengthsandweaknesses,valuesandpriorities.3.Compareyouractionswiththevaluesyoufeelyouhave.Areyourvaluesconsistentwithyouractions?4.Disciplineyourselftousetimewisely:Setpriorities.315.Studyinsmallblocksinsteadoflongtimeperiods.Forexample,youwillaccomplishmoreifyoustudy/workin60minuteblocksandtakefrequent10minutebreaksinbetween,thanifyoustudy/workfor2-3hoursstraight,withnobreaks.Rewardyourselfafteryoucompleteatask.6.Motivateyourselftostudy:Dwellonsuccess,notonfailure.7.Trytostudyinsmallgroups.8.Breaklargeassignmentsintosmalltasks.Keepareminderscheduleandchecklist.9.Setrealisticgoals.3210.Modifyyourenvironment:Eliminateorminimizenoise/distraction.Ensureadequatelighting.Havenecessaryequipmentathand.Dontwastetimegoingbackandforthtogetthings.Dontgettoocomfortablewhenstudying.Adeskandstraight-backedchairisusuallybest(abedisnoplacetostudy).Beneat!Takeafewminutestostraightenyourdesk.Thiscanhelptoreduceday-dreaming.33Doesprocrastinationhaveanyadvantages?Doyoueverpostponethings,orjustforgetaboutthemforawhile,ortellyourself,Illgettothatlater?Doyousometimesfeelguiltyaboutit?Well,itstruethatprocrastinationcanbeabadhabit,buttherearetimeswhenitcanbeuseful.34ProcrastinationWhenYouAreUnsureSometimesprocrastinatingmakessenseifyouarentsureyoushouldbedoingsomething.Ifyouhaventstartedthatbusiness,forexample,maybeyourunconsciousmindissayingyouarentreadytodoit.Lookintothereasonsforyourprocrastination,nottorationalizeyourlackofaction,buttoseeiftherereallyisagoodreasontowait.35ProcrastinateWhenYouKnowItsWrongThisiswhereweallneedtolearnbetterprocrastination.Justputoffeatingthatpieceofcakeuntillater.Waitafewmoredaystogotothecasino,ortogettogetherwiththatfriendthatalwaysgetsyouintotrouble.Anytimeyouarethinkingaboutdoingsomethingyoushouldntbedoing,justsay,Illgettothatlater.36Thekeytocreativeprocrastinationistorecognizewhichthingsyoushouldandshouldntdo.Byallmeans,learntoovercomethehabitofprocrastinatingongoodactions,butletyourselfgetintothehabitofwaitingtodoharmfulortime-wastingthings.Ofcourseitsbettertoquitbadhabitsandactions,butthisisreallyjustaneasierwaytoquit.Putoffsmokingthatcigaretteoftenenough,andyoullbesmokinglessofthem.Waitacoupledaystogoeatthatfastfood,andyourebreakingthehabit,onestepatatime.Thatscreativeprocrastination.37LecturePartI:1.coolonesheels:beforcedtowait;bekeptwaiting2.attestto:serveasanevidencetoaffirm;tobeproofof3.apocalyptic:Forebodingimminentdisasterorfinaldoom384.proconsul: anadministrationinacolonyusuallywithwidepowers殖民地总督5.ruminate: gooverinthemindrepeatedlyandoftenslowly;6.nattering: chattering;hence,noisy7.echelon: rank,level8.fortify: encourage;support9.reappraisal: re-evaluation10.academe:theacademiccommunity;academics3911.shrink: psychoanalystorpsychiatrist12.subliminal:Existingorfunctioningoutsidetheareaofconsciousawareness13.truism:anundoubtedorself-evidenttruth14.mellowandmarinate:tomellowistobecomeripeorfullydeveloped,andtomarinateistosteep(meat,fish)inasavorysaucetoenrichitsflavour;here,ripenandmature40PartII:LibraryworkLordChesterfield(4thearl)Chesterfield,PhilipDormerStanhope(1694-1773)wasanEnglishStatesman,authorandorator.Hislongpubliccareerbegunin1715,includinganambassadorshiptotheHague(海牙),aseatinParliament,andasuccessfultenure(任期)aslordlieutenantofIreland.Hisliteraryfamerestsuponhisletters,whicharefullofwitandworldlywisdom,tohisillegitimateson,PhilipStanhope.Theseletterswerefistpublishedin1774underthetitleLetters to His Son. 41Johns,Samuel(1709-1784):Englishpoet,critic,andmanofletters,theliterarydictatorofEnglandinthelatterhalfoftheeighteenthcenturyandoneofthemostfamouspersonalitiesofhistime.HeisbestknownforhisDictionary of the English Language (1755),whichisinsomerespectsaninnovationinlexicography(词典编撰学).Hehadthestrongestinfluenceofanyofhiscontemporariesontheliterarythoughtandstyleofthelatterpartoftheeighteenthcentury.42PartIII:TextAppreciation:1.ThattheelegantearlgotaroundtomarryinghissonsmotherandhadahabitofkeepingworthieslikeDr.Johnsoncoolingtheirheelsforhoursinananteroomatteststothefacteventhemostwell-intentionedmenhavebeenpostponersever.Paraphrase:Infact,thiselegantearlneverfoundthetimetomarryhisillegitimatesonsmother,andhealsohadabadhabitofkeepingpeoplewaitingforlonghoursinhisanteroom,evensuchfamouspeoplelikeDr.Johnson.AndthisprovesthatevenamanlikeLordChesterfield,whowouldstronglyadviseusnottopostpone,iscapableofbeingapostponerhimself.432.MosespleadedaspeechdefecttorationalizehisreluctancetodeliverJehovahsedicttoPharaoh.Hamlet,ofcourse,raisedprocrastinationtoanartform.Paraphrase:MosesusedhisslownessinspeechasajustificationforhisunwillingnesstopassJehovahsordertoPharaoh.AndthroughHamlet,Shakespearemadeprocrastination,hesitation,themajortraitofHamlet,thethemeofhisdramaticart.摩西不愿想法老传达耶和华的法令，便借口说自己语言有缺陷；当然哈姆雷特更是把拖延上升为一种艺术形式。443.Yetforallthetroubleprocrastinationmayincur,delaycanofteninspireandreviveacreativesoul.Paraphrase:Inspiteoftheallthetroubledelaymaycause,inmanycases,delaycanoftenstimulatetheimaginationandcreativityofanartist.尽管拖延会带来诸多不便，但拖延经常可以激发和唤醒具有创新意识的灵魂。454.Thereisadifference,ofcourse,betweenchronicprocrastinationandpurposefulpostponement,particularlyinthehigherechelonsofbusiness.Paraphrase:Thereisadifference,ofcourse,betweenhabitualandpurposefulpostponement,especiallyinthehigherlevelofbusiness.译：当然，习惯性拖延和刻意延缓是有差别的，特别是在商业机构高层中。465.Corporatedynamicsencouragethecautionthatbreedsdelay,saysRichardManderbach,BankofAmericagroupvicepresident.Henotesthatspeedyactionscanbeembarrassingorextremelycostly.Paraphrase:Thegrowthanddevelopmentofthecompanymakescarefulnessindecisionnecessary,whichcausesdelay,saysRichardManderbach,BankofAmericagroupvicepresident.Hepointsoutthatbusinessmaygiverisetodecisionsthatturnouttobehumiliatingorexpensive.476.Burearcratization,whichflourishedamidthegrowingburdensofgovernmentandthegreatercomplexityofsociety,wasdesignedtosmotherpolicymakersinblanketoflegalism,compromiseandreappraisal-andtherebypreventhastydecisionsfrombeingmade.Paraphrase:Withthepublicadministrationexpandinginscopeandsocietygrowingmoreandmorecomplicated,excessiveredtapedevelopedinsidethegovernmentandittendedtoengagethoseinchargeofpolicy-makinginitsunnecessarilylengthyprocedure,thusmakingitimpossibleforimmaturedecisionstoresult.487.BernardSklar,aUniversityofSouthernCaliforniasociologistwhochurnsoutthreetofivepagesofwritingaday,admitsthat“manyofmyfriendsgothroughagonieswhentheyfaceablankpage-”Paraphrase:WhileBernardSklar,aUniversityofSouthernCaliforniasociologist,iscapableofproducingthreetofivepagesofwritingaday,healsoadmitsthatmanyofhisfriendshaveahardtimethemomenttheyattempttoputpentopaper.498.Dr.RalphGreenson,aU.C.L.A.professorofclinicalpsychiatry,takesafairlygentleviewofprocrastination.Paraphrase:Dr.RalphGreensonisnotverycriticalofpostponement.9.Tomanypeople,doingsomething,confronting,isthemomentoftruth.Paraphrase:Tomanypeople,doingsomething,dealingwithsomething,isamomentofextremeimportance;itisamomentwhendecisionistobemade,resulttobeknown,orsomethingbadtobefaced.5010.Intheprocess,thedesigncanmellowandmarinate.Indeed,hurrycanbetheassassinofelegance.Paraphrase:Intheprocess,thedesignhasthetimetoripenandmature.Indeed,hastydecisionsmaketheeleganceofdesignsimpossible.在此期间，设计可能不断成熟及完善。确实，仓促会葬送雅致。51