初中被动语态的奥秘初中被动语态的奥秘中考必考的重点语法 de奥秘.主动语态与被动语态主动语态与被动语态： 英语的动词有两种语态，即主动语态英语的动词有两种语态，即主动语态(The Active Voice)与被动语态（与被动语态（The Passive Voice)。主主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 e.g. 1.They make trains in Zhuzhou . (答案答案） Trains are made in Zhuzhou. （答案答案）2.The farmers grow cotton every year. （ ）Cotton is grown by the farmers every year. （案案）主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态主动语态主动语态被动语态（The Passive Voice) 一般现在时被动语态的构成：一般现在时被动语态的构成： 主语主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词 动词过去分词的构成规则（与动词过去式构成规则一样）：动词过去分词的构成规则（与动词过去式构成规则一样）：1、一般在动词原形末尾加、一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，looked played2、结尾是结尾是e的动词加的动词加-d ， lived used3、末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写双写 这个辅音字母这个辅音字母，再加，再加-ed， planned tripped4、结尾是结尾是“辅音字母辅音字母+y”的动词，先变的动词，先变“y”为为“i” ， 再再 加加-ed ， study-studied， carry-carried不规则的过去分词要牢记不规则的过去分词要牢记写出下列动词的过去式，过去分词：sing-sang-sungbuild-built-built1、speak （ ） 2、use （ ） 3、make （ ） 4、write （ ） 5、grow ( ) 6、plant （ ） 7、produce （ ） 8、ask （ ） 9、plan （ ） 10、send （ ） 11 、 build （ ） 12、invite （ ） 1、speak spoke spoken 2、use used used3、make made made 4、write wrote written5、grow grew grown 6、plant planted planted7、produce produced produced 8、ask asked asked9、plan planned planned 10、send sent sent11 、 build built built 12、invite invited invited不规则动词的过去分词要牢记请写出下列动词的过去式和过去分请写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词：词：sing-sang-sungbuild-built-builte.g many people speak English.Englishis spokenby manypeople. 主动语态变被动语态的步骤主动语态变被动语态的步骤：1 1、主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；、主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；2 2、主动句的谓语动词变为被动结构；、主动句的谓语动词变为被动结构；3 3、主动句的主语变为被动句的宾语，由、主动句的主语变为被动句的宾语，由byby引出，当不强调动引出，当不强调动 作的执行者时，常省略。作的执行者时，常省略。把下列的句子变为被动语态的句子：把下列的句子变为被动语态的句子：1、They speak English in Canada .(English.)2、People use wood for making tables. （wood.）3、The make computers in the USA.（Computers）4、They grow rice in South China.（Rice）English is spoken in Canada.Wood is used for making tables.Computer are made in the USA.Rice is grown in South China.1、结构、结构 be + 过去分词过去分词 (及物的及物的)2、各种时态的被动结构：、各种时态的被动结构：一般现在时：主语一般现在时：主语+am/is/are +过去分词过去分词 The Chinese food _ to be the healthiest in the world.A. considers B. is considering C. is considered D. has considered 一般过去时被动语态的构成：一般过去时被动语态的构成： was/were+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词e.g 1、The bridge was built last year.2、It was used in the old days.3、The PRC was founded on October1，1949.1、结构、结构 be + 过去分词过去分词一般过去时：一般过去时：was/were +过去分词过去分词John _ , for he went swimming yesterday without permission.A. would punished B. had punished C. punished D. was punished were planted The bridge waswas invitedplay把下列句子变成被动语态的句子；把下列句子变成被动语态的句子；1、They planted these trees on weekends . These trees on weekends.2、The workers built the bridge in 1968 built by the workers in 1968.3、People invited Yao Ming to play basketball in The USA. Yao Ming to basketball in the USA.4、IBM produced this new type of laptop computer. This new type of laptop computer by IBM.was produced一般将来时：主语一般将来时：主语+will + be+过去分词过去分词The new school _ when the new term begins.A. finishes B. will finish C. will be finished D. would finish1、结构、结构 be + being+过去分词过去分词现在进行时：主语现在进行时：主语+am/is/are +being +过过去分词去分词 - Have you moved into the new house ?- Not yet .Rooms _.A. are painting B. are painted C.are being painting D.D. are being painted 含情态动词的被动语态构成：含情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词（情态动词（can/may/must/should）+be+及物动词过去分词及物动词过去分词 e.g 1、This bike can be repaired. 2、The tree must be put straight in the hole. 3、The classroom should be cleaned every day.把把下列主动句变被动句：下列主动句变被动句：1、We should plant the trees around the lake 2、We must repair the computer now .3、Students should correct their mistakes .4、We must water the trees well.The trees should be planted around the lake .The computer must be repaired now .Their mistakes should be corrected .The trees must be watered well.Sum up（.总结）总结） 本节主要复习：本节主要复习： 1、一般现在时的被动语态、一般现在时的被动语态2、一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态3、一般将来时的被动语态、一般将来时的被动语态4、现在进行时的被动语态、现在进行时的被动语态5、情态动词的被动语态、情态动词的被动语态 被动语态的用法：被动语态的用法：1、当不知道谁是动作的执行者时；、当不知道谁是动作的执行者时；2、没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时；、没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时；3、只需强调动作的承受者时。、只需强调动作的承受者时。三、单项选择题：三、单项选择题：( )1.Woolen clothes are used _keeping us warm. A.of B.by C.for D.in ( )2.Are these fridges made_? A.in China B. in Chinese C.of China D.from Chinese ( )3.-Where are bananas _? - _ grown in South China.A. grow, Its B.grown, Its C.grown, Theyre D.grew, Theyre( )4.The League _ in May , 1922.A. is founded B.was founded C. is built D. was built( )5.The strange thing with three legs_.A. used to drink B. are used for drinking C. is used for drinking D. used for drinkingCACBC( )6.TV programmes can_ to the other side of the world.A.send B. be sent C.make D.be made( )7.Older people must_ politely.A. speak to B. be spoken C.be spoken to D. say to( )8.The moon always _ around the earth.A. goes B. travels C. turns D. A,B and C.( )9.Many people _English in the world.A. speak B. speaks C. spoke D. are spoken.( )10.We must _ our homework every day. A. be finished B. finish C. are finished D. finishedBCDAB四、把下列句子变成被动句：四、把下列句子变成被动句：1.Chinese people built the Great Wall 2,000 years ago. 2. We must plant more trees next year here. 3.Dalian produces big ships. 4.Farmers harvest rice in autumn . 5.We should clean our classroom every day.The Great Wall was built by Chinese people 2000 years ago.More trees must be planted here next year.Big ships are produced in Dalian.Rice is harvested in autumn.Our classroom should be cleaned every day.Thank you for your attention!Goodbye!