Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011UUnit 1 My First Jobnit 1 My First JobvPre-reading questions:The purpose of the pre-reading activity is to help to motivate you to read actively. Therefore, it does not matter whether the statements that you have ticked off are irrelevant to the text. What is expected of you is that you should read with interest and alertness. vThe main idea:The purpose of this section is to train you to skim through the text for the main idea(s) at the first reading. A time limit will be set for this process, 200 words a minute. This text is approximately 590 words in length, and, therefore, about 3 minutes for the first reading should be enough. Since you are not used to skimming, you are given about 5 minutes to begin with, which should be ample time for you to skim through such a short text. Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011vThe following are guidelines for skimming:1. Run the eyes over the text rapidly, read only the familiar words and phrases and ignore the unfamiliar ones. Try to piece together the bits of information gathered from the rapid reading sensibly so that the main idea(s) is (are) grasped.2. Try to recognize the key words and phrases, i e., words and phrases that are closely related to the title of the text; and ignore the supporting details, i.e., anything that describes, explains, or develops the main idea(s)3. Read only the first and the last sentence of each paragraph, for, as a rule, the gist of a paragraph is found there. But, of course, there are always exceptions4. Read the first paragraph and the last paragraph of a text for the same reason as 3.vThe main idea of this text is the 3rd statement: The writer was interviewed by the headmaster of a school and was offered a job that was none too pleasant. Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011tick offtick offvBritish English: to mark the things on a list with a tick to show that they have been dealt with, chosen etc = check off: American English:用记号勾出，列举 ( ) As you finish each task, tick it off.Have you ticked off Kates name on the list?I tend to tick off each item on the list as I do it.And youve already paid me so Ill tick your name off.The jobs that are done have been ticked off.做完的工作都标上了记号。vtick off sb or tick sb off: British and Australian: to tell someone that they have done something wrong and that you are angry about it: often “for + doing sth”责备I had to tick him off for being late again. I got ticked off for not going to the meeting. Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011tick: n.tick: n.vcountable: British English: a mark written next to an answer, something on a list etc, to show that it is correct or has been dealt with = check American EnglishvPut a tick in the box if you agree with this statement.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011cross: ncross: nvmark on paper: especially British Englishva) a mark (x or +) used on paper, to represent where something is, or where something should be:Ive put a cross on the map to mark where our street is.Please sign your name by the cross.vb) a mark (x) used on paper to show that something that has been written or printed is not correct:My homework got a lot more ticks than crosses.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011cross something offcross something offvcross something off: to draw a line through one or more things on a list because you have dealt with them or they are not needed any more:Whenever I buy something, I cross it off the list.vcross something out: to draw a line or lines through something you have written or drawn, usually because it is wrong:I crossed out Miss and wrote Ms.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011check: v. / n.check: v. / n.vmake a mark transitive: American English: to make a mark ( ) next to an answer, something on a list etc to show you have chosen it, that it is correct, or that you have dealt with it = tick: British Englishcheck something off: to write a mark next to something on a list to show that you have chosen it, dealt with it, or made sure that it is correct:One by one he checked them off on his register.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011none toonone too：not at allnot at all一点也不一点也不一点也不一点也不She was none too pleased (=not at all pleased) when I told her.I was none too pleased to have to take the exam again.The place was none too clean.那个地方一点也不干净。His salary is none too high.他的薪水并不算高。We were none too early for the train.我们刚好赶上火车。Weve arrived, and none too soon!我们抵达了，时机刚好！Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011land land vtvt. .vplane/bird/insecta) intransitive: if a plane, bird, or insect lands, it moves safely down onto the ground take off:Flight 846 landed five minutes ago.The bird landed gracefully on the water.b) transitive: to make a plane move safely down onto the ground at the end of a journey:The pilot managed to land the aircraft safely.varrive by boat/plane intransitive: to arrive somewhere in a plane, boat etcland on/in/at etcWe expect to be landing in Oslo in about fifty minutes.In 1969, the first men landed on the moon.vfall/come down intransitive always + adverb/preposition: to come down through the air onto something = dropland in/on/under etcA large branch landed on the hood of my car.Louis fell out of the tree and landed in a holly bush.She fell and landed heavily on the floor.A couple of bombs landed quite near to the village.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011land land vtvt. .vgoods/people: if a boat or aircraft lands people or goods, it brings them to a place, and the people get out or the goods are carried out: 飞机、船只等的机、船只等的载送人或送人或货物物:The troops were landed by helicopter.vjob/contract etc: informal: to succeed in getting a job, contract etc that was difficult to get:He landed a job with a law firm.land yourself somethingBills just landed himself a part in a Broadway show.vland somebody in trouble/hospital/court etc: to cause someone to have serious problems or be in a difficult situation:将某人将某人置于一种困置于一种困难境地境地Connies going to land herself in big trouble if she keeps arriving late for work.She developed pneumonia which landed her in hospital.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011vland somebody in it: British English: spokeninformal: to get someone into trouble by telling other people that they did something wrong = drop somebody in it:Geoff landed me in it by saying I should have checked that the door was locked.vproblems intransitive always + adverb / preposition: to arrive unexpectedly, and cause problemsland in/on/under etcJust when I thought my problems were over, this letter landed on my desk.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011chance: collocationschance: collocationsvtheres a chance (that) (=it is possible that) vtheres every chance (that) (=it is very likely) vsome chance vlittle chance vno chance va good/fair chance (=something is likely) va slight/slim/outside chance (=something is unlikely) va fifty-fifty chance (=the possibility of something happening or not happening is equal) va million to one chance/a one in a million chance (=something is extremely unlikely to happen)vlessen/minimize/reduce the chance(s) of something (=make it less likely) vincrease/improve the chance(s) of something (=make it more likely) chances are (=it is likely)Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011Theres always the chance that something will go wrong.what are the teams chances of success?She has a good chance of a successful recovery.There is little chance of her being found alive.The day will be cloudy with a slight chance of rain later tonight.He gave the show a fifty-fifty chance of survival.It was a million to one chance, but it had happened.The operation is performed under local anaesthetic ( 麻醉剂,麻药), whichlessens the chances of infection.How can we improve our chances of career development?Chances are theyll be out when we call.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011vgrab the chance/jump at the chance (=eagerly and quickly use an opportunity)If someone invited me over to Florida, Id jump at the chance.Denise never misses the chance of a free meal.va second chance/another chanceHe was given a second chance to prove his abilities.Friday is your last chance to see the show before it closes.Ill give you one last chance and if you dont bring it on Monday, youll be in trouble.va chance of a lifetime/a chance in a million (=a chance that you are very unlikely to have again)I couldnt pass up going to Japan; it was a chance in a million.Quick! Nows your chanceto ask her, before she leaves.Rick could do really well, given half a chance (=if he were given even a small opportunity).vrisk take a chance: to do something that involves risks:The rope might break, but thats a chance well have to take.After losing $20,000 on my last business venture, Im not taking any chances this time.vtake a chance onHe was taking a chance on a relatively new young actor.He decided to take his chances in the boat.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011vluck uncountable: the way some things happen without being planned or caused by people fateby chanceI bumped into her quite by chance in Oxford Street.vleave something to chance (=to not plan something but just hope that everything will happen as intended)Dave had thought of every possibility, he was leaving nothing to chance.vpure/sheer/blind chance (=not at all planned)It was pure chance that they ended up working in the same office in the same town.As chance would have it, the one time I wanted to see her, she wasnt in.vstand/have a chance (of something/of doing something): if someone or something stands a chance of doing something, it is possible that they will succeed:If we did move to London, Id stand a much better chance of getting a job.Ireland have an outside chance (=slight chance) of qualifying for the World Cup.He has a sporting chance of promotion (=a fairly good chance).Ive given myself a fighting chance of getting to the finals (=a small but real chance if a great effort can be made).Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011vby any chance: spoken: used to ask politely whether something is true:Are you Mrs Grant, by any chance?vany chance of .?: spoken: used to ask whether you can have something or whether something is possible:Any chance of a cup of coffee?Any chance of you coming to the party on Saturday?vbe in with a chance: if a competitor is in with a chance, it is possible that they will win:I think were in with a good chance of beating them.vno chance!/fat chance!: spoken: used to emphasize that you are sure something could never happen:“Maybe your brother would lend you the money?” “Huh, fat chance!”von the off chance: if you do something on the off chance, you do it hoping for a particular result, although you know it is not likely:I didnt really expect her to be at home. I just called on the off chance.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011summon: transitive formalsummon: transitive formalvto order / request someone to come to a place:Robert summoned the waiter for the bill.The president summoned Taylor to Washington.He was summoned to attend an emergency meeting.vto officially order someone to come to a court of law:Hugh was summoned to appear before the magistrate (mdistrit, -treit地方法官).vsummon a meeting/conference etc: to arrange for a meeting to take place and order people to come to it = convene:He summoned a meeting of business leaders.vsummon up something: 1. if something summons up a memory, thought, or image, it makes you remember it or think of it = conjure up:The smell summoned up memories of family holidays by the sea.2. to try very hard to have enough courage, energy, or strength, because you need it:Ruth took a deep breath, summoned up her courage, and told him the truth.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011more examples of “summon up more examples of “summon up ” ”It took her six months to summon (up) the courage to ask him out for a drink.Then she resolved that she would summon up her courage and refuse him.He had to summon up all his strength to lift the rock.He summoned up a smile, as though it seemed to take all his strength? “他挤出一个笑容，这似乎耗尽了他所有力气”I summoned up thoughts of Venice at the sight of the lake today.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011awkward awkward vNot dexterous; clumsy. 不灵巧的；不灵活的不灵巧的；不灵活的Hes very awkward. He keeps dropping things. 他很笨，总是丢东西。The child is still awkward with his chopsticks. 那小孩还不太会用筷子。 vmaking you feel embarrassed so that you are not sure what to do or say = difficult:I hoped he would stop asking awkward questions.There was an awkward moment when she didnt know whether to shake his hand or kiss his cheek.An awkward silenceA laugh can help people over an awkward situation.Philips remarks put her in an awkward position (=made it difficult for her to know what to do).vnot relaxed or comfortable:She liked to dance but felt awkward if someone was watching her.Geoff looked uneasy and awkward.Make sure that the baby is not sleeping in an awkward position.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011awkwardawkwardvdifficult to do, use, or deal with:不不顺手的、棘手的手的、棘手的, 难处理、理、难对付的、危付的、危险的的an awkward parcel to carry. 携带不便的包裹an awkward tool (to use) 使用不方便的工具an awkward door to open 难开的门an awkward car to drive 难驾驶的车An awkward situation arose during the peace talks.在和平谈判中出现了棘手的情况an awkward question棘手问题Itll be awkward getting cars in and out.The new financial arrangements were awkward to manage.A good carpenter can make a cupboard to fit the most awkward space.She was afraid he was going to ask an awkward question.v4. not convenient:Im sorry to call at such an awkward time but I wont keep you a minute.v5. an awkward person is deliberately unhelpful = difficultawkward aboutThe staff wanted to go home and they were getting awkward about a meeting starting so late.An awkward customer (=person who is difficult and unhelpful) 口难对付的家伙, 危险的人动物vAwkwardly: adverb:Im very sorry about your sister, he said awkwardly.Vera smiled awkwardly.vAwkwardness: noun uncountableHe tried to smooth over the awkwardness of the situation.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011depresseddepressedvLow in spirits; dejected, very unhappy:She felt lonely and depressed.depressed aboutDont get depressed about it.The divorce left him deeply depressed.I was depressed at the thought of all the hard work ahead.depressed by the loss of his job; 由于失去了工作而情绪低落；vSunk below the surrounding region: 下陷的，凹的陷到周下陷的，凹的陷到周围区域之下的：区域之下的：a depressed key on a typewriter 打字机上按下的键a depressed basin 盆地vLower in amount, degree, or position:下降的，低的在数量，程度或身份上降低的：下降的，低的在数量，程度或身份上降低的：Formal: a depressed level or amount is lower than normal:a depressed appetiteOil reserves were at depressed levels because of increasing industrial demands.由于不断增长的工业需求，油储量越来越少His reading achievement is depressed.他的阅读能力低于一般水平。vSluggish in growth or activity；Suffering from social and economic hardship:缓慢的；慢的；萧条的，不景气的遇到社会或条的，不景气的遇到社会或经济困困难的：的：a depressed region.萧条的地区depressed areas贫困地区In a depressed market, its difficult to sell goods unless you lower your prices. This is a economically depressed area. 经济萧条的地区。Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011drearydrearyvLiterary: sad or cheerless; gloomy (hopeless, pessimistic) 情情绪低落的；阴郁的低落的；阴郁的a dreary winters day阴沉的天a dreary mind忧郁寡欢的心情Foreign trade prospects are dreary. 外贸前景黯淡。vLiterary: boring; dull; uninteresting令人生令人生厌的；的；单调乏味的：乏味的：dreary tasks. 枯燥的任务a dreary meeting 枯燥的会议His speech was dreary. 他的讲演枯燥乏味。the same dreary routineUnit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011gabled Victorian housesgabled Victorian housesUnit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011sash windowsUnit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011tweedUnit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011Gold Plated, Chrome Plated, Stainless Steel, Sterling Silver and Gold Filled Pocket Watch ChainsPocket / Pendant WatchUnit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011ampleamplevPlease note the nouns it modifies:1. more than enough = sufficient; insufficientample time/evidence/opportunityYoull have ample time for questions later.There is ample evidence that climate patterns are changing.ample room/space etcShe found ample room for her things in the wardrobe.2. literary: large in a way that is attractive or pleasant:an ample bosomvAmply: adverb:Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011with an air ofwith an air of带有某种神情带有某种神情带有某种神情带有某种神情vair: appearance or manner 神情、神情、举止、外表、姿色、止、外表、姿色、风度度a triumphant air. 面带得意之色a concerned air关切的神情an air of mystery. 态度神秘an air of sadness 悲伤的神情an air of anxiety忧虑的神情She has an excellent figure and walked with an air（带着自信的样子）.He smiled with an air of triumph.他带著胜利的神情笑了。He always talks with an air of self-importance. 他说话时总带有一种自傲的表情。vairs: Behave as if you are more important than you really are. 装腔作装腔作势做作的且常是傲慢的姿做作的且常是傲慢的姿态；虚假；虚假put on airsHe put on high airs with his learning.他以饱学而自傲。Dont put on airs with me. 别对我摆架子。Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011smell ofsmell of: British English: British Englishvsmell: linking verb: to have a particular smellsmell + adj.The stew smelled delicious.Mm! Something smells good!smell likeIt smells like rotten eggs.smell of: British EnglishMy clothes smelt of smoke.His breath smelled of beer and pickled onions.他呼出的气里有啤酒和腌洋葱的味道。The car smelled of alcohol.车里有浓重的酒味。Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011stalestalev1. 面包与糕点面包与糕点: bread or cake that is stale is no longer fresh or good to eat fresh:陈旧的旧的;不新不新鲜的的French bread goes stale (=becomes stale) very quickly.stale cake变味的面包v2. 空气空气: air that is stale is not fresh or pleasant fresh:stale air 不新鲜的空气the smell of stale smokev3. 玩笑、新玩笑、新闻等等: not interesting or exciting any more:stale jokes老掉牙的玩笑stale news 陈旧的新闻 Other marriages might go stale, but not theirs.v4. 兴趣、工作或思想状趣、工作或思想状态：if you get stale, you have no new ideas, interest, or energy, because you have been doing the same thing for too long:If you stay in the job for more than 10 years, you get stale.He was becoming stale and running out of ideas.They had been working together for over 5 years and they had both become a little stale.People working under a lot of pressure tend to get stale quickly.These are words which cannot be staled by repetition.这些话不会因重复使用而变得陈旧。Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011vdingy: adj.暗黑的暗黑的, 邋遢的邋遢的: dark, dirty, and in bad condition:a dingy rooma dingy side-streetUnit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011fix v.fix v.vfix your attention/eyes/mind etc on somebody / something: to think about or look at someone or something carefully:He tried to fix his mind on the job at hand.Every eye was fixed on the new girl.vfix somebody with a stare/glare/look etc: literary: to look directly at someone for a long time:Rachel fixed him with an icy stare.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011compounds with “blood”compounds with “blood”vbloodshot: eyesif your eyes are bloodshot, the parts that are normally white are red or pinkvblood-red dark red, like bloodvblood banka store of human blood to be used in hospital treatmentvblood brothera man who promises loyalty to another, often in a ceremony in which the mens blood is mixed togethervblood donorsomeone who gives their blood to be used in the medical treatment of other peoplevblood feuda quarrel between people or families that lasts for many years, in which each side murders or injures members of the other sidevblood groupespecially British English: one of the classes into which human blood can be separated, including A, B, AB and O = blood type American EnglishUnit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011compounds with “blood”compounds with “blood”vblood lusta strong desire to be violentvblood money1. money paid for murdering someone2. money paid to the family of someone who has been murderedvblood pressurethe force with which blood travels through your body:high blood pressurecheck/take somebodys blood pressure (=measure it)The nurse will take your blood pressure.vblood relationAlso: bloodrelative countablesomeone related to you by birth rather than by marriage vblood transfusionthe process of putting blood into someones body as a medical treatmentUnit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011vitalvitalvnecessary to the continuation of life; life-sustaining:生命延生命延续所必需的；所必需的；维持生命的持生命的vital nutrients.生命所需的营养 vitaminvenergetic: 有生命的，生机勃勃的充有生命的，生机勃勃的充满生命力的；有生机的生命力的；有生机的He never felt so vital and full of life.vextremely important; necessary for success; essential: 极重要的，必不可少的的、本极重要的，必不可少的的、本质性的性的Trust is a vital element in any close relationship.play a vital rolesomething of vital importancevdestructive to life; fatal: 生死攸关的；致命的：生死攸关的；致命的：a vital blow致命的一击a vital error 致命的大错误Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011Translate the following phrases:Translate the following phrases:a vital injury / wound致命伤a vital examination 至关重要的考试a vital organ 要害器官; 维持生命的器官；vital energies / force生命力a vital question生死攸关的问题at vital moment在关键的时刻vital part(身体的)要害处Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011grunt grunt 多用于多用于多用于多用于“ “低而粗的声音或说话低而粗的声音或说话低而粗的声音或说话低而粗的声音或说话” ”，联想到，联想到，联想到，联想到“ “猪发出猪发出猪发出猪发出的声音的声音的声音的声音” ”，所以不一定是说话，多用于男人，所以不一定是说话，多用于男人，所以不一定是说话，多用于男人，所以不一定是说话，多用于男人v1. (of a pig) to make a low rough noiseThe pigs were grunting contentedly as they ate their food.v2. if a person or animal grunts, they make short low sounds in their throatHe hauled himself over the wall, grunting with the effort.Grunting with effort, she lifted me up.v3. (of a person) to make a short low sound instead of speaking, usually because of anger or pain, or when you do not want to talkHe just grunted and carried on reading his book.Too tired, he grunted and sat down. Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011mumble mumble 多用于多用于多用于多用于“ “声音小，听不清或难以理解声音小，听不清或难以理解声音小，听不清或难以理解声音小，听不清或难以理解” ”vv. & n.喃喃而喃喃而语, 咕咕哝: to say something too quietly or not clearly enough, so that other people cannot understand you mutter:He bumped into someone and mumbled an apology.Stop mumbling!mumble to yourselfA woman on the corner was mumbling to herself.She mumbled something about being too busy. Im sorry, he mumbled. Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011mutter mutter 多用于多用于多用于多用于“ “不满不满不满不满” ”与与与与 “ “抱怨抱怨抱怨抱怨” ”v1 intransitive and transitive: to speak in a low voice, especially because you are annoyed about something, or you do not want people to hear youThe dissatisfied workman muttered a threat.mutter to yourself“I never want to come here again,” he muttered to himself.Elsie muttered something I couldnt catch and walked off.“Hes such an unpleasant man,” Alyssia muttered under her breath.mutter aboutWhat are you two muttering about?v2 intransitive: to complain about something or express doubts about it, but without saying clearly and openly what you thinkThe soldiers muttered angrily when they heard that all leaves had been canceled.vmutter: noun singularHe heard a mutter from the audience. “抱怨声”，“嘀咕声”His voice subsided to a mutter.vmuttering: noun uncountable and countableThe mutterings about his leadership continued to grow.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011attach importance/significance etc to something:attach importance/significance etc to something:vto believe that something is important; consider important重重视The old man did not seem to attach any importance to the question.No one attached the slightest importance to it.You attach too much significance to the Prime Ministers words.They attached significance to his speech.People attach too much importance to economic forecasts.The students should attach importance to English study.学生应重视英语学习。The factory should attach much importance to the quality of its products. 这工厂应重视厂里产品的质量。The local government of the town attached much importance to the quality of primary school education. 当地政府把小学的教育质量看得很重要。Our teacher attaches great importance to listening comprehension. 我们老师很重视听力理解。Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011singularlysingularlyvformal: in a way that is very noticeable or unusual:a singularly foolish planHe has singularly failed to live up to his promises.He made a singularly successful attempt at devising a new computer program.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011consist ofconsist of / in / with / in / withvto be made up or composed（与（与of 连用）用） 组成，构成，包成，构成，包括，由括，由组成成The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 联合王国包括大不列颠与北爱尔兰。vto have a basis; reside or lie （与（与in连用）在于有一个基用）在于有一个基础；在于或存在在于或存在The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity. 这个计划妙就妙在简明扼要。 The beauty of the artists style consists in its simplicity.这位艺术家的风格上的美在于它的简朴。True charity doesnt consist in almsgiving.真正的慈善不在于施舍。vTo be compatible; accord:调和的；（与和的；（与with连用）一致，符用）一致，符合合Theory should consist with practice. 理论应与实践相一致。The information consists with her account. 这消息与她的描述是一致的The testimony consisted with all known facts. 证据与全部已知事实相符。Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011appall / appall / appalappalvvt. to cause (someone) to have strong feelings of shock or of disapproval 惊吓；使震惊吓；使震惊惊he way we kill animals appals a lot of people.The decision to execute the two men has appalled many politicians.The public were appalled when they heard the president had been murdered.听到总统被谋杀的消息公众惊骇万分。The thought of someone else driving my car appalls me.vbe appal(l)ed at / by 被被.吓坏吓坏I was appal(l)ed at the news.我被这消息吓坏了。Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011dismaydismayvto cause a feeling of shock which might be mixed with hopelessness or fear; to cause to lose enthusiasm, disillusion使惊恐；使使惊恐；使丧气；失去勇气使失去气；失去勇气使失去热情，情，使幻想破使幻想破灭He was dismayed at the size of his adversary.对手的魁伟身材使他丧失了勇气。They enjoyed the meal but were a bit dismayed by / at the bill. She was dismayed to learn that her favorite dancer used drugs.获悉她喜爱的舞蹈演员吸毒，她感到很失望I was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Mrs. Bates.当我听出是贝茨夫人的声音时,我感到丧气。vn.: A sudden or complete loss of courage in the face of trouble or danger. 丧胆，胆，绝望在面望在面临麻麻烦或危或危险时，突然或，突然或完全失去勇气完全失去勇气, 沮沮丧；灰心；灰心The supporters watched in / with dismay as their team lost 6-0. The enemy retreated in perfect dismay. 敌人沮丧地退去。to ones dismay使某人惊慌沮丧的是Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011tramp tramp 强调强调强调强调“ “由于心情或路况而步伐沉重由于心情或路况而步伐沉重由于心情或路况而步伐沉重由于心情或路况而步伐沉重” ”vtramp v.重步行走重步行走, 踏踏, 践践, 践踏践踏: intransitive always + adverb/preposition, transitive: to walk somewhere slowly and with heavy steps:He tramped the streets looking for work.tramp through/across/around etcThe walk involved tramping through mud.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011crocodilecrocodilev1. countable: a large reptile (reptail爬行爬行动物物) with a long mouth and many sharp teeth that lives in lakes and rivers in hot wet parts of the worldv2. uncountable: the skin of this animal, used for making things such as shoes:a crocodile briefcasev3. countable: British English: a long line of people, especially school children, walking in pairsv4. crocodile tears: If someone sheds crocodile tears, they seem sad, sorry, or upset, but they do not really feel this way.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011diffidentlydiffidentlyvunwilling to speak or act with confidence because of having a low opinion of your own abilitiesIts a shame shes so shy and diffident, because she really is clever.diffident about对于做某事缺乏信心He was diffident about his own success.There is no need to be so diffident about your achievements-you have done really well.diffident manner/smile/voice etcvdiffidently: adverbvdiffidence: noun uncountableUnit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011constituteconstitutevto be the elements or parts of; compose: 构成构成构成构成部分或成分；部分或成分；组成成Correct grammar and sentence structure do not in themselves constitute good writing.正确的语法和句子结构本身并不能构成一篇好文章。7 days constitute a week. 七天构成一星期。England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland constitute / compose / make up the United kingdom.英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰组成联合王国。Twelve months constitute a year.十二个月构成一年。Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011indignityindignityvplural: indignities uncountable and countable: a situation that makes you feel very ashamed and not respected: 遭受侮辱遭受侮辱The prisoners were subjected to all sorts of indignities.the indignity of (doing) somethingTwo of the diplomats suffered the indignity ofbeing arrested.the final/ultimate/crowning etc indignityUnit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011Word DerivationWord Derivationvadvertise advertisement advertising advertiser vapply application appliance applicant applicable vdepressed depress depressing depression depressive vsilver silvery vdisapproval approval approve disapprove vprivate privacy vsunless sunny vsingularly singular singularity singularize vappall appalling appalled vincompetent competent competence incompetence vconstitute constitution constituent vindignity dignity dignify dignified Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011UUseful expressionsseful expressionsventer university 上大学上大学 va teaching post 一份教学工作一份教学工作va local newspaper 当地当地报纸vslim chances 机会渺茫机会渺茫vland a job 得到一份工作得到一份工作vsummon sb. to for 让某人到某地做某事某人到某地做某事van awkward journey 艰难的行程的行程vstruggle to survive 苟延残喘苟延残喘va busy main road 喧喧闹的主道的主道vjudge by 根据根据.来判断来判断vbloodshot eyes充充满血血丝的眼睛的眼睛vsmell unpleasantly 发出出难闻的气味的气味vbe scattered with 散落着，散洒着散落着，散洒着vink marks 墨迹墨迹Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011UUseful expressionsseful expressionsvfix sb. with ones eyes 盯着某人着某人vlook at sb. with an air of 以以眼神望着某人眼神望着某人vhave little in common 没有多少共同之没有多少共同之处vconsist of 由由组成成vtake subjects 修修课vplay games 玩游玩游戏vat three different levels 按三种不同的程度按三种不同的程度va vital part 至关重要的部分至关重要的部分vsay the wrong thing 说错了了话 vfill sb. with fear 让人害怕人害怕venjoy leisure 悠悠闲自自乐vsplit into groups 划分成几个部分划分成几个部分vin turn 按次序，按次序，轮流流vbe dismayed at the thought of 一想到一想到就沮就沮丧vbe incompetent at 在在方面无能方面无能va crocodile of 两排（学生）两排（学生）vget to ones feet 站起来站起来vthe last straw 最无法忍受的事最无法忍受的事vrun a school 办学校学校vwork under sb. 在某人手下工作在某人手下工作vultimate indignity 最大的侮辱最大的侮辱Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011NNote-readingote-readingvThe “Notes” are an indispensable part of the unit, where you may find:Background or setting of the piece of writing, including historical background, the writers background, etc.;Language points, such as explanation of difficult words, phrases or sentences;Key points to appreciate the language in the writing.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011u unappetizingnappetizing引不起食欲的引不起食欲的引不起食欲的引不起食欲的valso: unappetising: British English: food that is unappetizing has an unattractive appearance that makes you think that it will not taste good:a rather unappetizing egg sandwichUnit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011L Learn to learn: How to browse “Some earn to learn: How to browse “Some Comments on the Text”Comments on the Text”narration, narrative writing, a narrative piece of writingeither briefly or at some lengththe sequential occurrence of eventsarrange in the order of lengthywriters techniquesjob huntingmisgiving Ones educational background counts heavily in job hunting / job seeking.the degrees or diplomas one has obtainedincrease ones value as an employeethe crucial factor as to whether one will be employedapplicant, application, applythe usual signal to do sth.more often than notnear the end of the interviewenumerate specific details relevant to the themeunfavorable impression of his strange, distasteful appearance to be compelled to do sth.meager salaryThe writers careful selection and organization of the many specific details contribute effectively to the primary narrative purpose of convincing the reader of the unpleasantness of his first job interview. Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011T Text IIext IIvWhy does the writer compare the interviewer to a terrier, a kind of small and active dog?vHow to say “坐吧坐吧”？vPay attention to the expression of “获获得了得了A级级”. Chinese students usually use “get” or “obtain” to convey the meaning of “获获得得” , but here the author uses “take”. “Take” is one of the most polysemous words in English.v“接着到大学接着到大学读读了文科了文科”：continued with the Arts at university.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011p prompt rompt vtvt. . 促使促使促使促使, ,提示提示提示提示, , 鼓动鼓动鼓动鼓动, (, (给演员给演员给演员给演员) )提白提白提白提白v1. transitive: to make someone decide to do somethingprompt somebody to do somethingWhat prompted you to buy that suit?What prompted him to be so generous?The accident prompted her to renew her insurance.His evasive reply prompted me to ask him another question.他的含糊其词的答复促使我提出又一个问题。It can prompt you into action.它能促使你采取行动。v2. transitive: to make people say or do something as a reaction:The decision prompted an outcry among prominent US campaigners.v3. transitive to help a speaker who pauses, by suggesting how to continue:“I cant decide.” said Beatrice. “Decide what?” prompted Marlon.v4. transitive: to ask someone to do something on a computer:A message will appear which will prompt you for certain information.v5. intransitive and transitive: to remind an actor of the next words in a speechUnit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011vanything but definitely notThe hotel was anything but cheap.He was anything but a hero.The little bridge is anything but safe.vcf: nothing buteverything butsomething butall butI ate nothing but an egg.I ate everything but eggs.I can eat something but an egg.I can eat anything but eggs.I ate all but the egg. She is anything but beautiful.She is nothing but beautiful.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011temperament temperament temprmnttemprmnt vn.气气质, 性情性情: uncountable and countable: the emotional part of someones character, especially how likely they are to be happy, angry etcartistic/nervous/good etc temperamentJill has such a lovely relaxed temperament.by temperamentTolkien was, by temperament, a very different man from Lewis.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011从从从从“ “面板面板面板面板” ”到到到到“ “一组人员一组人员一组人员一组人员” ”: From “a flat piece of : From “a flat piece of something” to “a group of people”something” to “a group of people”v1. piece of somethingva) a flat piece of wood, glass etc with straight sides, which forms part of a door, wall, fence etc:a stained glass panelThere were a few panels missing from the fence.vb) a piece of metal that forms part of the outer structure of a vehicle:One of the door panels was badly damaged and had to be replaced.vc) a piece of material that forms part of a piece of clothing:a skirt made in six panelsv2. instrument/control panel: a board in a car, plane, boat etc that has the controls on itv3. picture: a thin board with a picture painted on itv4. solar panel: a piece of equipment, usually kept on a roof, that collects and uses the suns energy to heat water or make electricityUnit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011从从从从“ “面板面板面板面板” ”到到到到“ “一组人员一组人员一组人员一组人员” ”v5. group of people also + plural verb: British Englishva) a group of people with skills or specialist knowledge who have been chosen to give advice or opinions on a particular subjectA panel of experts has looked at the proposal.on a panelThere will be at least three senior doctors on the panel.vb) a group of well-known people who answer questions on a radio or television programme panellist专家家辩论小小组We have two senior politicians on our panel tonight.vc) American English: a group of people who are chosen to listen to a case in a court of law and to decide the result = jury:The panel spent 14 hours going over the evidence.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011vMy mind has been set on becoming a doctor. - I have determined or made up my mind to become a doctor.vset / put / turn ones mind to sth. Or doing sth.: decide that you want to achieve sth and try your best to do it.I think that anyone can lose weight if they set their mind to it.valso: set ones heart / sights on (doing) sth.Jane has completely set her heart on the house.He set his sights on crossing the Pacific by balloon.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011take ontake onvundertake, begin to perform or deal withHe is always ready to take on heavy responsibilities.他总是乐于挑重担。A French engineer took on the designing.一位法国工程师承担了这项设计任务。Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011vget round to sth / doing sth.: to do something that you have been intending to do for some time:I finally got round to sorting out that cupboard yesterday.Ill mention your name when I write to him - if I ever get around to it. I keep meaning to put a lock on it, but I never get round to it.I havent got round to unpacking from my holiday yet.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011vthe terrier man said on a note of sombre improbability.on a note of : feeling or quality singular: a type of feeling or quality when someone speaks or does somethingThere was a note of doubt in her voice.He brought a note of realism into the debate.on a . note (=speaking in a particular way)She ended her speech on a personal note.On a more serious note, Id like to thank everyone for all their support.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011somber adj.somber adj.阴森的阴森的阴森的阴森的, , 昏暗的昏暗的昏暗的昏暗的, , 阴天的阴天的阴天的阴天的, , 忧郁的忧郁的忧郁的忧郁的vBritish English ; somber American English1. sad and serious = grave:They sat in sombre silence.We were all in a somber mood that night.a sombre expressionon the sombre occasion of his mothers funeral2. dark and without any bright colours:a sombre grey suitUnit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011vpremonition ,pri:mnin, ,pre- 征兆；征兆；预告告: a strange feeling that something, especially something bad, is going to happenpremonition ofa premonition of deathpremonition thatWhen Anne didnt arrive, Paul had a premonition that she was in danger.He had a premonition that his plane would crash, so he took the train. She had a sudden premonition of what the future might bring.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011tormenttormentvt:ment, t:m-n. vt. 折磨，使痛苦；折磨，使痛苦；纠缠，作弄，作弄; 痛苦，苦痛苦，苦恼；痛苦的根源；痛苦的根源1. to make someone suffer a lot, especially mentally:Seth was tormented by feelings of guilt.The animals are tormented mercilessly by flies and mosquitoes.The camera focused on a group of women whose faces were tormented by/with (= showed that they were suffering) grief.It tormented me all day - did I remember to lock the door when I left the house?2. to deliberately treat someone cruelly by annoying them or hurting them = torture:The older boys would torment him whenever they had the chance.tormentor: noun countableUnit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011forthcoming / unforthcomingforthcoming / unforthcomingvforthcoming:1. only before noun: a forthcoming event, meeting etc is one that has been planned to happen soon:the forthcoming electionsKeep an eye on the noticeboards forforthcoming events.2. friendly and helpful, willing to give information or to talk unforthcomingI had difficulty getting any details. He wasnt very forthcoming.IBM is usually pretty forthcoming about the markets for its products.3. not before noun: if something is forthcoming, it is given or offered when needed - often used to say that this does not happen:When no reply was forthcoming, she wrote again.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011vinstill instil vt. 徐徐滴入；逐徐徐滴入；逐渐灌灌输: to teach someone to think, behave, or feel in a particular way over a period of time; to put a feeling, idea or principle gradually into someones mind, so that it has a strong influence on the way they think or behaveinstil confidence/fear/discipline etc into somebodyA managers job is to instil determination into his players.It is part of a teachers job to instil confidence in/into his or her students.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011vIt was more a cross-examination than an interview. 与其与其说这是面是面试倒不如倒不如说是是审问。Hes more mad than stupid. 与其说他愚蠢倒不如说他疯了。The child was more frightened than hurt. 这孩子的伤倒不算什麽, 只是受惊不小。Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011vpersecute p:sikju:t vt. 迫害；困迫害；困扰v1. to treat someone cruelly or unfairly over a period of time, especially because of their religious or political beliefs:The Puritans left England to escape being persecuted.v2. to deliberately cause difficulties for someone by annoying them often = harass:Like many celebrities, she complained of being persecuted by the press.vpersecutor n. 迫害者迫害者vpersecutionUnit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011vscribble skribl vt. 乱写；乱写；滥写；潦草地写；潦草地书写写v1. also: scribble down: to write something quickly and untidily:I scribbled his phone number in my address book.He scribbled down our names.v2. to draw marks that have no meaning:Someone had scribbled all over my picture.vScribble n. 潦草写成的潦草写成的东西；潦草的写法；西；潦草的写法；杂文文Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011vwintry wintri adj. 寒冷的，冬天的；冷淡寒冷的，冬天的；冷淡的的v1. cold or typical of winter summery:a wintry daywintry showersv2. a wintry smile or expression is not very friendlyUnit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011UUseful expressions in Guided Writingseful expressions in Guided WritingPrcisThe central thought of a passageA close reproduction of the original in other wordsA group of coherently stated sentencesIt is most important in that it demands us to comprehend what we read.We thus cannot afford to skim.To read for the purpose of distinguishing between the trifling details and the main thought.What is the writer trying to get across?Benefit enormously during the processBesides demanding care and thought, prcis writing also requires discrimination.Clearness, preciseness and conciseness are requisites.It is no easy job to pack the essence of a passage into a few well-ordered sentences.A good prcis needs thrift and care.Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011steadfaststeadfastvsteadfast: literaryv1. faithful and very loyal:her fathers steadfast love for herv2. being certain that you are right about something and refusing to change your opinion in any waysteadfast in: Dr. Faraday remained steadfast in his plea of innocence.vsteadfastly: adverbvsteadfastnessnoun uncountableUnit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011requisite and prerequisiterequisite and prerequisitevrequisite rekwizit adj.需要的需要的, 必不可少的必不可少的, 必必备的的; n.必需必需品品: vadj. needed for a particular purpose = necessary, required:He lacks the requisite qualifications.vn. countable usually plural: formal: something that is needed for a particular purposerequisite of/forHe lacked the moral requisites for marriage.vprerequisite pri:rekwizit n.先决条件，前提，必先决条件，前提，必备条件条件; adj.先决条件的，必先决条件的，必须预先必先必备的，必需的：的，必需的：formal: something that is necessary before something else can happen or be doneprerequisite for/of/to an essential prerequisite to economic development经济发展的必要先决条件A reasonable proficiency in English is a prerequisite for the course.a prerequisite condition一个先决条件Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011attend to somebody/somethingattend to somebody/somethingv1. to deal with business or personal matters:I may be late - I have got one or two things to attend to.Ive got to go into the office. I have one or two matters to attend to.v2. to help a customer in a shop or a restaurant = serveThe doctors tried to attend to those with the worst injuries first.As a child you always assume that your parents are there to attend to your needs. Unit 1, Book 3 Zhengjing, NCEPU，2010-2011vdeem di:mv.认为, 相信相信: transitive not in progressive: formal: to think of something in a particular way or as having a particular quality = considerdeem thatThey deemed that he was no longer capable of managing the business.deem something necessary/appropriate etcThey were told to take whatever action they deemed necessary.We will provide help whenever you deem it appropriate. The area has now been deemed safe. be deemed to be somethingThey were deemed to be illegal immigrants.to be deemed to do somethingAnyone not paying the registration fee by 31 March will be deemed to have withdrawn from the scheme.