A merry heart goes all the way.A light heart lives long.Once bitten, twice shy.Task 5 Proverbs and Sayings静以修身。静以修身。心旷神怡，事事顺利。心旷神怡，事事顺利。一遭被蛇咬一遭被蛇咬,十年怕井绳十年怕井绳.1. 1.Sometimes Sometimes allall a a sick sick personperson needs needs is is some some reassurancereassurance that all will be well. that all will be well. (Line 3)(Line 3)All + All + sbsb. needs/cares about/remembers. needs/cares about/remembers is is + +表语表语表语表语 某人所需要的某人所需要的某人所需要的某人所需要的/ / / /关心的关心的关心的关心的/ / / /记着的一切就是记着的一切就是记着的一切就是记着的一切就是 此句中，此句中，此句中，此句中，allall 后面省略了后面省略了后面省略了后面省略了thatthat，allall 后面带的是定语后面带的是定语后面带的是定语后面带的是定语从句。从句。从句。从句。All China needs now is peace and stability. All I remember about my hometown is the river in which I swam with some of my friends. 中国中国中国中国当前当前当前当前所需要的是所需要的是所需要的是所需要的是和平和稳定和平和稳定和平和稳定和平和稳定。我我我我所所所所能能能能记记记记住住住住的的的的有有有有关关关关我我我我家家家家乡乡乡乡的的的的就就就就是是是是那那那那条条条条河河河河，我我我我曾曾曾曾和和和和伙伙伙伙伴伴伴伴们们们们一起在河里游泳。一起在河里游泳。一起在河里游泳。一起在河里游泳。 is whether my company can make profit from the trade. 我所关心的我所关心的是公司是否能从这笔买卖中获利是公司是否能从这笔买卖中获利。完成下面的句子。完成下面的句子。All I care about 我我我我们们们们所所所所能能能能预预预预见见见见到到到到的的的的就就就就是是是是世世世世界界界界的的的的未未未未来来来来将以和平和发展为主题。将以和平和发展为主题。将以和平和发展为主题。将以和平和发展为主题。 is that peace and development are the theme of the world future.All we can expect有有时时候候病病人人所所需需要要的的只只是是一一个个一一切都会好的保证。切都会好的保证。1. 1. Sometimes Sometimes allall a a sick sick personperson needs needs is is some some reassurance reassurance that all will be well.that all will be well. (Line 3)(Line 3)2. 2. It It seemsseems that that if if patients patients think think they they have have been been givengiven medicine, they will have hope.medicine, they will have hope. (Line (Line 2121) )seem seem 一词主要有以下三种用法一词主要有以下三种用法一词主要有以下三种用法一词主要有以下三种用法：1)1)句型句型句型句型：it seems thatit seems that 从句从句从句从句/as if/as if ( (既可以是虚既可以是虚既可以是虚既可以是虚 拟语气也可以是陈述语气拟语气也可以是陈述语气拟语气也可以是陈述语气拟语气也可以是陈述语气) )2)2) 主语主语主语主语 + + seem to do seem to do 3) 3) 主语主语主语主语 + + seem (to be) seem (to be) + + 形容词形容词形容词形容词/ /名词名词名词名词/ /介词短语介词短语介词短语介词短语/ /分词等分词等分词等分词等The success of this treatment seems to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctor. Many of the “treatments” they use do not seem able to make a sick person better, and yet such treatments work. It seems that everybody knows the rules for success, but few can practice them. 似乎似乎人人都知道成功的法则，但很人人都知道成功的法则，但很少有人能那样做。少有人能那样做。 这种疗法成功与否在很大程度上这种疗法成功与否在很大程度上似乎似乎取决于病人与医生之取决于病人与医生之间的关系。间的关系。 (Line 24) 他们采用的很多他们采用的很多“疗法疗法”看似看似不可能治好病人，但是确实不可能治好病人，但是确实有有效。效。（Line 56） it will rain.天天好像好像要下雨了。要下雨了。完成下面的句子。完成下面的句子。It seems as if 当当当当今今今今的的的的毕毕毕毕业业业业生生生生似似似似乎乎乎乎非非非非常常常常注注注注意意意意个个个个人简历的形式人简历的形式人简历的形式人简历的形式。College graduates today .seem to care a lot about the form of the resume这这这这样样样样的的的的问问问问题题题题看看看看起起起起来来来来很很很很简简简简单单单单, ,可可可可是是是是实实实实际际际际上上上上，你你你你一一一一大大大大意意意意就就就就会会会会出错。出错。出错。出错。 , but actually when you take it for granted, you will make mistakes.Such question seems pretty simple如如果果病病人人们们以以为为他他们们得得到到了了药药物物治治疗疗，他们似乎就会充满希望。他们似乎就会充满希望。2. 2. It It seemsseems that if patients think they have been given that if patients think they have been given medicine, they will have hope. medicine, they will have hope. (Line (Line 2121) )3. 3. The The placebo placebo has has been been found found to to work work withwith a a lot lot of of different cases.different cases. (Line 36)(Line 36)work withwork with 1 1）在在在在方面起作用；适用于方面起作用；适用于方面起作用；适用于方面起作用；适用于；2 2）与）与）与）与 一起工作一起工作一起工作一起工作这两家公司决定这两家公司决定合作合作开发这一新开发这一新产品。产品。The rules we discussed just now dont work with this question.我们我们刚才讨论的那些规则不刚才讨论的那些规则不适合适合这道题。这道题。These two companies decided to work with each other on the development of the new product.完成下面的句子。完成下面的句子。Many companies are looking for opportunities to _.许多企业正寻求许多企业正寻求与大专院校合作与大专院校合作的机会。的机会。work with colleges and universities 西方的政治制度西方的政治制度西方的政治制度西方的政治制度根本不适合中国的国情根本不适合中国的国情根本不适合中国的国情根本不适合中国的国情。The political system of western countries _.doesnt work with Chinese conditions at all人人们们已已经经发发现现安安慰慰剂剂能能在在很很多多不不同同的的病例中发挥作用。病例中发挥作用。3. 3. The The placebo placebo has has been been found found to to work work withwith a a lot lot of of different cases. different cases. (Line (Line 3636) )很很很很多多多多医医医医学学学学专专专专家家家家把把把把药药药药方方方方也也也也看看看看作作作作是是是是一一一一种种种种应应应应该该该该受受受受到到到到法法法法律律律律保保保保护护护护的的的的知识产品。知识产品。知识产品。知识产品。That That prescriptionprescription contains contains several several kinds of precious herbal medicine.kinds of precious herbal medicine.Many medical experts regard Many medical experts regard prescriptionprescription as a kind of as a kind of intellectual property that should also be legally intellectual property that should also be legally protected.protected.那张那张那张那张药方药方药方药方中包含着几种名贵的草药中包含着几种名贵的草药中包含着几种名贵的草药中包含着几种名贵的草药(herbal(herbal medicine) medicine)。1. 1. prescriptionprescription (Line 1, Para. 1) (Line 1, Para. 1) n. n. 药方药方药方药方动词形式：动词形式：动词形式：动词形式：prescribe prescribe ( (L Line 4, Para. 1)ine 4, Para. 1) v. (of a doctor) say what (medical treatment) someone v. (of a doctor) say what (medical treatment) someone should have should have 为为为为开药方，嘱咐（疗法）开药方，嘱咐（疗法）开药方，嘱咐（疗法）开药方，嘱咐（疗法） 用提示词造句。用提示词造句。用提示词造句。用提示词造句。I I havehave been been prescribedprescribed some some painkillers by the doctor.painkillers by the doctor.That senior herbalist doctor prescribed needle therapy for him.医生医生医生医生 止疼片止疼片止疼片止疼片 (painkiller)(painkiller)老老老老中中中中医医医医 (senior (senior herbalist herbalist doctor)doctor) 针灸治疗针灸治疗针灸治疗针灸治疗( (needleneedle therapy) therapy) 2. 2. reassurancereassurance (Line 4, Para. 1)(Line 4, Para. 1)n. help or advice that makes you feel less worried n. help or advice that makes you feel less worried or frightened about a problem or frightened about a problem 安慰；保证安慰；保证安慰；保证安慰；保证 could not take her out of the fact that she had already lost the opportunity to take part in the 2008 Beijing Olympics.她的支持者们给予她的安慰她的支持者们给予她的安慰也无法让她也无法让她直面无缘直面无缘20082008年北京奥运会的现实年北京奥运会的现实。完成下面的句子。完成下面的句子。The reassurance from her supporters动词形式动词形式动词形式动词形式：assureassurea assuressure 与与与与 ensureensureq assure assure 强调让某人深信某事，强调让某人深信某事，后可接后可接that从句以及从句以及of短语短语。We tried to assure that customer that all the laptop computers sold in our company were authorized by Apple Corporation of America.我们尽力我们尽力说服说服那位顾客，使他深信我们公司那位顾客，使他深信我们公司销售的所有笔记本电脑都是经过美国苹果公销售的所有笔记本电脑都是经过美国苹果公司授权的。司授权的。 qqensureensure是是是是“ “确保确保确保确保” ”的意思。同的意思。同的意思。同的意思。同assure assure 一样，其后可接一样，其后可接一样，其后可接一样，其后可接thatthat从从从从句。且从句中的谓语动词多用现在时态。句。且从句中的谓语动词多用现在时态。句。且从句中的谓语动词多用现在时态。句。且从句中的谓语动词多用现在时态。Governments at all levels must take steps to ensure that most of the Chinese-language porn websites (色情网站) can be closed in this campaign. 各级政府必须采取措施以各级政府必须采取措施以确保确保在这次行动中大部分的中文在这次行动中大部分的中文色情网站能够被取缔。色情网站能够被取缔。请请请请选选选选择择择择 “ “assure”assure”或或或或 “ “ensure”ensure”的的的的适适适适当当当当形形形形式式式式填空。填空。填空。填空。 Before going to bed she Before going to bed she herself that all the herself that all the doors and windows were locked. doors and windows were locked. This medicine will This medicine will you a good nights sleep. you a good nights sleep. I cannot I cannot that he will be there in time. that he will be there in time. He He me of his readiness to help. me of his readiness to help.assuredassuredensureensureensureensureassuredassured3. 3. heal heal (Line 13, Para. 3)(Line 13, Para. 3)v. make or become well again, especially after a cut or v. make or become well again, especially after a cut or other injuryother injury ( (使使使使) )愈合，愈合，愈合，愈合，( (使使使使) )痊愈；痊愈；痊愈；痊愈；( (使使使使) )康复康复康复康复The wound soon The wound soon healed uphealed up / / overover. .Fortunately, Fortunately, the the medicine medicine that that couldcould heal heal him him ofof typhoid was not typhoid was not veryvery expensive. expensive. 伤口不久就伤口不久就伤口不久就伤口不久就愈合愈合愈合愈合了。了。了。了。幸运的是，那种可以幸运的是，那种可以幸运的是，那种可以幸运的是，那种可以治愈治愈治愈治愈他的伤寒他的伤寒他的伤寒他的伤寒(typhoid)(typhoid)的药物不的药物不的药物不的药物不是很贵。是很贵。是很贵。是很贵。Her wound has been Her wound has been healedhealed. .她的伤已经她的伤已经她的伤已经她的伤已经治好治好治好治好了。了。了。了。qqcure (cure (vi.,vtvi.,vt.) .) 治愈，着重于效果。短语治愈，着重于效果。短语治愈，着重于效果。短语治愈，着重于效果。短语cure cure sbsb. of. of “ “治治治治好某人的病好某人的病好某人的病好某人的病” ”。用于比喻时，多指社会不良现象或个人恶。用于比喻时，多指社会不良现象或个人恶。用于比喻时，多指社会不良现象或个人恶。用于比喻时，多指社会不良现象或个人恶疾的消除。疾的消除。疾的消除。疾的消除。That hospital can cure some types of cancer. 那家医院可以那家医院可以治愈治愈某些癌症。某些癌症。cure, healcure, heal与与与与treattreatTeachers try to cure some students of bad habits. 老师们努力帮助一些学生老师们努力帮助一些学生改掉改掉坏习惯。坏习惯。 qqheal (heal (vi.,vtvi.,vt.) .) 愈合。主要指外伤的愈合。也可用于愈合。主要指外伤的愈合。也可用于愈合。主要指外伤的愈合。也可用于愈合。主要指外伤的愈合。也可用于heal heal sbsb. . ofof的结构。用于比喻时，多指精神创伤的医治。的结构。用于比喻时，多指精神创伤的医治。的结构。用于比喻时，多指精神创伤的医治。的结构。用于比喻时，多指精神创伤的医治。Time can help her heal all her sorrows. 时间可以帮她时间可以帮她医治医治一切的忧伤。一切的忧伤。The doctor is treating me for influenza. 那位医生正在给我那位医生正在给我医治医治流感。流感。qqtreat (treat (vtvt.) .) 治疗。着重于过程。治疗。着重于过程。治疗。着重于过程。治疗。着重于过程。Western medicine tends to treat symptoms and not the cause. 西医常常西医常常治治标不标不治治本。本。 Penicillin Penicillin him of pneumonia ( him of pneumonia (肺炎肺炎). ). The cut in her leg has The cut in her leg has completely, without completely, without leaving a scar. leaving a scar. She is being She is being with a new drug. with a new drug. What cant be What cant be must be endured. must be endured. That wound will soon That wound will soon if she keeps it clean. if she keeps it clean. The doctors wish to The doctors wish to her illness successfully. her illness successfully.请请请请选选选选择择择择 “ “cure”, cure”, “heal”“heal”或或或或 “ “treat”treat”的的的的适适适适当当当当形形形形式式式式填空。填空。填空。填空。curedcuredhealedhealedtreatedtreatedcuredcuredhealhealtreattreatIn In humorous humorous cartoon cartoon movie movie “Tom “Tom & & Jerry”, Jerry”, the the poor poor c cat at _._.（总总总总是是是是受受受受到到到到那那那那只只只只聪聪聪聪明明明明的的的的老老老老鼠鼠鼠鼠的的的的愚愚愚愚弄弄弄弄去做各种蠢事去做各种蠢事去做各种蠢事去做各种蠢事）4. 4. fool somebody into doing somethingfool somebody into doing something (Line 17, Para. 4)(Line 17, Para. 4)trick somebody into doing somethingtrick somebody into doing something哄骗某人干某事哄骗某人干某事哄骗某人干某事哄骗某人干某事完成下面的句子。完成下面的句子。完成下面的句子。完成下面的句子。_ _ that that comedian comedian Pan Pan ChangjiangChangjiang can can become become a a NBA NBA player.player.（没有人会笨到去相信（没有人会笨到去相信（没有人会笨到去相信（没有人会笨到去相信）No one will be fooled into believingNo one will be fooled into believingis always fooled into doing all kinds of stupid things by is always fooled into doing all kinds of stupid things by the clever mouse the clever mouse The popularity of such online songs as “Mice Love The popularity of such online songs as “Mice Love RiceRice” _.” _.象象象象老老老老鼠鼠鼠鼠爱爱爱爱大大大大米米米米这这这这样样样样的的的的网网网网络络络络歌歌歌歌曲曲曲曲的的的的流流流流行行行行取取取取决决决决于于于于网网网网民民民民们们们们( (netizensnetizens) )的认可和支持的认可和支持的认可和支持的认可和支持。5. 5. rest with rest with (Line 24, Para. 6)(Line 24, Para. 6)lie withlie with 取决于，得靠取决于，得靠取决于，得靠取决于，得靠It It rests rests with with her her to to decidedecide (The (The decision decision rests rests with with her).her).要要要要由她由她由她由她来做来做来做来做决定决定决定决定。Whether Whether ChineseChinese homemade movies can win the Oscar or homemade movies can win the Oscar or notnot _ _. .中国的国产电影是否能够赢得奥斯卡中国的国产电影是否能够赢得奥斯卡中国的国产电影是否能够赢得奥斯卡中国的国产电影是否能够赢得奥斯卡取决于很多因素。取决于很多因素。取决于很多因素。取决于很多因素。rests with netizens recognition and supportrests with netizens recognition and supportrests with many factors rests with many factors Stephen Chows (Zhou Xingchi) Stephen Chows (Zhou Xingchi) silly comedies also silly comedies also _._. 从从从从某某某某种种种种程程程程度度度度上上上上说说说说周周周周星星星星驰驰驰驰的的的的无无无无厘厘厘厘头头头头喜剧中也喜剧中也喜剧中也喜剧中也蕴含着丰富的哲理。蕴含着丰富的哲理。蕴含着丰富的哲理。蕴含着丰富的哲理。6. 6. in a wayin a way (Line 27, Para.6)(Line 27, Para.6) partly, to some degree partly, to some degree 就某种意义来说，在某种程度上就某种意义来说，在某种程度上就某种意义来说，在某种程度上就某种意义来说，在某种程度上In 2004, singer Dao Langs popularity came out of the blue, In 2004, singer Dao Langs popularity came out of the blue, which iswhich is _. _.在在在在20042004年年年年，歌歌歌歌手手手手刀刀刀刀郎郎郎郎的的的的快快快快速速速速走走走走红红红红从从从从某某某某种种种种意意意意义义义义上上上上说说说说是是是是一一一一种种种种正正正正常的娱乐现象常的娱乐现象常的娱乐现象常的娱乐现象。a normal entertainment phenomenon in a waya normal entertainment phenomenon in a way containcontainabundant philosophy in a wayabundant philosophy in a way7. 7. relief relief (Line 31, Para. 7)(Line 31, Para. 7)n. a feeling of comfort when something frightening, n. a feeling of comfort when something frightening, worrying, or painful has not happened or has ended worrying, or painful has not happened or has ended ( (痛苦等痛苦等痛苦等痛苦等) ) 减轻，解除减轻，解除减轻，解除减轻，解除To our great reliefTo our great relief, the earthquake caused little damage., the earthquake caused little damage.地震造成的损失很小，地震造成的损失很小，地震造成的损失很小，地震造成的损失很小，这使我们大感宽慰这使我们大感宽慰这使我们大感宽慰这使我们大感宽慰。Listening to light musicListening to light music _ _ _._.听轻音乐听轻音乐听轻音乐听轻音乐缓解了他在考试前的巨大压力缓解了他在考试前的巨大压力缓解了他在考试前的巨大压力缓解了他在考试前的巨大压力。before the examinationsbefore the examinationsgave relief to his great pressure gave relief to his great pressure Knowing the truth that he was still alive in that serious Knowing the truth that he was still alive in that serious road accident road accident _. . 知知知知道道道道了了了了他他他他在在在在那那那那起起起起严严严严重重重重的的的的车车车车祸祸祸祸中中中中幸幸幸幸免免免免遇遇遇遇难难难难的的的的真真真真相相相相后后后后让让让让他他他他的的的的焦急的亲人们感到宽慰焦急的亲人们感到宽慰焦急的亲人们感到宽慰焦急的亲人们感到宽慰。动词形式：动词形式：动词形式：动词形式：relieverelieverelieved his anxious relativesrelieved his anxious relatives完成下面的句子。完成下面的句子。完成下面的句子。完成下面的句子。8. 8. rather than rather than (Line 51, Para. 10)(Line 51, Para. 10)与其与其与其与其，宁愿，宁愿，宁愿，宁愿 ；而不是；而不是；而不是；而不是 That That pair pair of of gloves gloves are are comfortable comfortable rather rather thanthan pretty. pretty. 如如如如我我我我们们们们所所所所知知知知，奥奥奥奥运运运运冠冠冠冠军军军军刘刘刘刘翔翔翔翔是是是是一一一一名名名名跨跨跨跨栏栏栏栏运运运运动动动动员员员员，而而而而不不不不是是是是一一一一名短跑选手。名短跑选手。名短跑选手。名短跑选手。那双手套那双手套那双手套那双手套谈不上谈不上谈不上谈不上漂亮，漂亮，漂亮，漂亮，但但但但戴起来倒很舒服。戴起来倒很舒服。戴起来倒很舒服。戴起来倒很舒服。As we know, Olympic gold medallist Liu Xiang is a As we know, Olympic gold medallist Liu Xiang is a hurdler hurdler rather thanrather than a sprinter. a sprinter.对比短语：对比短语：对比短语：对比短语：other thanother than1) 1) 不同于，非不同于，非不同于，非不同于，非她她她她在在在在那那那那个个个个晚晚晚晚会会会会上上上上遇遇遇遇到到到到了了了了几几几几个个个个名名名名人人人人，都不是都不是都不是都不是歌手。歌手。歌手。歌手。I do not wish you I do not wish you other thanother than you are. you are.She met with several celebrities She met with several celebrities other thanother than singers at that party. singers at that party. 我不希望你我不希望你我不希望你我不希望你改变改变改变改变目前的样子目前的样子目前的样子目前的样子。2) 2) 2) 2) 除了除了除了除了（多用于否定句中，类似于（多用于否定句中，类似于（多用于否定句中，类似于（多用于否定句中，类似于notexceptnotexcept结构）结构）结构）结构）Those survivors could Those survivors could hardlyhardly be be other thanother than grateful. grateful. There There is is nothingnothing in in that that house house other thanother than a cat. a cat. 那那那那间间间间屋屋屋屋子子子子里里里里除除除除了了了了一一一一只只只只猫猫猫猫以以以以外外外外什么都没有什么都没有什么都没有什么都没有。那些幸存者那些幸存者那些幸存者那些幸存者除了除了除了除了感激感激感激感激还能怎样呢还能怎样呢还能怎样呢还能怎样呢。这个病人非常相信这位这个病人非常相信这位医生。医生。 The patient has a lot of trust in the doctor. 这个药对很多不同的病这个药对很多不同的病状有效。状有效。 The medicine works with a lot of different cases. 开启了开启了方面的新的方面的新的知识领域知识领域to open up new knowledge about 你可以用你的精神力量你可以用你的精神力量来治愈你的身体。来治愈你的身体。You can heal your body by using your mind.强烈的愿望强烈的愿望a stronger will引申翻译法引申翻译法 英译汉时，有时会遇到某些词在词典上无法找英译汉时，有时会遇到某些词在词典上无法找到适当的意思对应，如果任意翻译，生拉硬套，会到适当的意思对应，如果任意翻译，生拉硬套，会使译文生硬晦涩，不能表达原意，甚至造成误解。使译文生硬晦涩，不能表达原意，甚至造成误解。这时应根据上下文和逻辑关系，从该词的根本含义这时应根据上下文和逻辑关系，从该词的根本含义出发，进一步加以引申，选择适当的汉语词语来表出发，进一步加以引申，选择适当的汉语词语来表达。以下介绍抽象与具体转换互译法。达。以下介绍抽象与具体转换互译法。从具体到抽象转换法从具体到抽象转换法 英语中，常常用英语中，常常用一个表示具体形象的词一个表示具体形象的词来表示一种属性、一个来表示一种属性、一个事物或一种概念。这类事物或一种概念。这类词语在翻译时，可作抽词语在翻译时，可作抽象化处理，使译文流畅、象化处理，使译文流畅、自然。自然。恐怖分子的性格既恐怖分子的性格既残暴残暴、又、又狡猾狡猾。The invention of machinery had brought into the world a new era - the Industrial Age. Money had become King.发明机器将世界带入工业时代，在这个新纪元中金发明机器将世界带入工业时代，在这个新纪元中金钱成为一切钱成为一切主宰主宰。Every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都有每个人的生活都有苦苦有有甜甜。There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the terrorists.从抽象到具体转换法从抽象到具体转换法 英语中也有用代表抽象概念或属英语中也有用代表抽象概念或属性的词语来表示一种具体事物，翻译性的词语来表示一种具体事物，翻译时可作具体化处理。时可作具体化处理。The car in front of me stopped and I missed the green.我前头那辆车停住了，我错过了我前头那辆车停住了，我错过了绿灯绿灯。The experience of studying abroad was his entree to the new government.海外留学经历成为他进入新政府的海外留学经历成为他进入新政府的敲门砖敲门砖。The wedding, which Hayward still remembered with pride, was attended by a Whos Who of Boston Society. 参加婚礼的人士皆为波士顿社会参加婚礼的人士皆为波士顿社会名流名流。赫华德。赫华德回想起婚礼，仍感到非常得意。回想起婚礼，仍感到非常得意。 衔接自如，逻辑连贯。衔接自如，逻辑连贯。1. 语法手段。如照应、替代、省略等。语法手段。如照应、替代、省略等。2. 词汇手段。如在语篇中，某一词以原词、同义词、词汇手段。如在语篇中，某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词的形式重复出现，近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词的形式重复出现，以相互衔接。衔接得当会起到以相互衔接。衔接得当会起到“润滑剂润滑剂”的作用。的作用。语篇连贯语篇连贯(二二)1. 用过渡词表明句子间正确的逻辑关系。有意识地使用用过渡词表明句子间正确的逻辑关系。有意识地使用一些表示时间、顺序、列举、增进、转折、对比、因一些表示时间、顺序、列举、增进、转折、对比、因果等意义的逻辑手段。果等意义的逻辑手段。2.重复主要词或短语并使代词指代关系明确。重复主要词或短语并使代词指代关系明确。 “连贯连贯”存在于文章底层，能够通过逻辑推理手段来存在于文章底层，能够通过逻辑推理手段来达到。作文时可采用下述三种方法达到连贯：达到。作文时可采用下述三种方法达到连贯： 3. 按句子本身自然顺序或逻辑顺序安排句子。综述时按句子本身自然顺序或逻辑顺序安排句子。综述时要把问题说明、说透。问题的重要性按由大到小要把问题说明、说透。问题的重要性按由大到小（递减）或由小到大（递增）的方向排列，事实按（递减）或由小到大（递增）的方向排列，事实按过程或因果方式举出，使层次分明。过程或因果方式举出，使层次分明。提示：提示：过多过滥使用逻辑关联词会使段落发展显得累赘笨拙。过多过滥使用逻辑关联词会使段落发展显得累赘笨拙。对逻辑关联词的选用要根据内容需要对逻辑关联词的选用要根据内容需要“精打细算精打细算”、疏密、疏密得当，做到自然贴切。得当，做到自然贴切。你在写下列作文时，怎样注意连贯与衔接？你在写下列作文时，怎样注意连贯与衔接？Directions: So far you have learned quite a lot about how psychology works in different cases. Write a composition entitled: College Students Should Have a Healthy Mind in a Healthy Body. You should write at least 120 words. Remember to write neatly. 1. 一些大学生有心理问题。一些大学生有心理问题。2. 大学生应保持心理健康。大学生应保持心理健康。 3. 因此，因此，College Students Should Have a Healthy Mind in a Healthy Body. When they experience major turning points in their lives, some college students have hidden mental problems. These problems may result from academic pressure, anxiety about interpersonal relationships, love failure or career-related matters. Without parents immediate help or teachers adequate guidance, a lot of physical and emotional disorders touch them. They suffer from depression (抑郁抑郁症症), sleep disorders or poor academic performance. Anxious hearts, hopeless minds and even nervous breakdowns (神经衰弱神经衰弱) chase them. Mental health is part of the most valuable wealth students can ever have. On campus students learn to reason and act with wisdom, with a healthy mind in a healthy body, they can challenge all hardships later in life. Todays competitive world needs more versatile talents (多面手，多多面手，多才多艺的英才才多艺的英才), especially those who are firm-willed and have confidence in themselves. Therefore, all sides concerned (有关各方有关各方) should make joint efforts to help students solve their mental problems. Schools may offer optional courses (选修课选修课) and establish campus counseling (咨询咨询) center to help students. Parents, teachers and classmates could encourage them to go to psychological clinic. Students must develop a positive mental attitude and be more optimistic. We believe those who have mental health can do great things in the future.III. TOEFL作文题目作文题目 2 Directions: You will have thirty minutes to plan and write an essay on the topic given below. Use the first few minutes to read the topic carefully and think about what kind of essay you will write. You may use the space immediately below the essay topic to make notes. Write your essay on the lined pages that follow. You will have enough space if you write on every line and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size. People have different ways of escaping the stress and difficulties of modern life. Some read; some exercise; others work in their gardens. What do you think are the best ways of reducing stress?