Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsQuiz 1.Who wrote “The Origin of Species ” (物种起源物种起源)?A. Newton B. Einstein C. Charles Darwin2.How many planets are there in the Solar System? A 7 B 8 C 9 The Solar system eight planets many comets other objects THE SOLAR SYSTEM Can you name each planet correctly using the letters given in the table below? A.地球地球 _B.木星木星 _C.火星火星 _D.水星水星 _E.海王星海王星 _F. 冥王星冥王星 _G. 土星土星 _H. 天王星天王星 _I. 金星金星 _EarthJupiterMarsMercuryNeptunePlutoSaturnUranusVenus海王星 Neptune水星Mercury 金星Venus 地球Earth 火星Mars 木星Jupiter土星Saturn 天王星Uranus4. Which one belongs to reptile (爬行动物）爬行动物）?A. frog B. snake C. duck D. fishE. birdF. dog3. Which one belongs to amphibian (两栖动物两栖动物) ?5. Which one belongs to mammal（哺乳动物）（哺乳动物）?ABF6. Which gas is the most important for life?A. carbon dioxide (CO2 ) B. C.B. oxygen (O2) D. C. nitrogen (N2)Astronomy is the scientific study of the universe and the heaven bodies (such as the sun, the moon, and stars), gas, and dust within it. Telescopeastronomical telescopeDo you know what is Astronomy ?astronomerHow do people observe the universe?Do you know some famous astronauts?the first man in spaceYuri Gagarin The first man on the moonNeil Armstrong Russia 1961U.S.A. 1969the first Chinese in spaceYang LiweiThe first Chinese woman on the moonLiu YangChina 2003China2012How Life Began on the EarthDo you have any idea? 1. In Chinese culture_ separates(分分) the sky from the earth.Pangu 盘古盘古skyearthFour different ideas_ made human.Nvwa2. In India Brahma(梵天梵天) is the creator of the universe. Brahma is the god first represented in the Hindu Triad. Hindu Triad. （三相神）（三相神）梵语愿意为梵语愿意为“有三种形式有三种形式”。印度教的。印度教的三位一体，以三位一体，以梵天、毗湿奴和湿婆梵天、毗湿奴和湿婆分别分别代表天帝的各种宇宙功能。毗湿奴象征代表天帝的各种宇宙功能。毗湿奴象征护持，湿婆象征毁灭，而梵天则是这两护持，湿婆象征毁灭，而梵天则是这两种相对立的准则的平衡者种相对立的准则的平衡者3. In western countriesBible 圣经圣经_ created the world in 7 days.GodThe Biblical AccountDay 1: God spoke and separated light from darkness creating Day and Night Day 2: God spoke and separated the water creating sky and ocean Day 3: God spoke and created dry land Day 4: God spoke and created the sun, moon and stars Day 5: God spoke and created living creatures in the air and sea Day 6: God spoke and created the land animals and man Day 7: God rested and blessed this day calling it Holy How Life Began on the EarthPara. 1 The formation(形成形成) of the earth.Para. 2 The importance of water for life.Para. 3 A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe.Para. 4 The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth. Para. 5 The development of plants and animals on the earth. Fast Reading1. What is the widely accepted theory about how life began?The universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.Bing BangatomsStars and other bodiesRead Para 2-3 Fill in the blanks with the proper words:After the_,the earth was a cloud of_. Later the dust began to_ Into_. And then it _ loudly with fireand rock,which were in time to _ the water vapour,carbon dioxide, which were tomake the earths_.As the earth _ down,_ began to _ on its surface. Water had _ from planets orsatellites,but it _on the earth.That madeit possible for life to begin to _.energetic dustcombineexplodedproducecooledappear disappearedstayed develop“Big Bang”a ball atmospherewaterBing BangA cloud of dustCombine into a solid ballExplode with fire & rock(produce H2O, CO2,O2, N2, other gases) atmosphereCool downwater appeared dissolve harmful gases into Life beganLife developed( ) green plants on land( ) land animals: insects &hibians ( ) small plants in water( ) early shellfish and all sorts of fish( ) mammals( ) some clever animals( ) reptiles( ) dinosaurs3. Read Para 4-5 carefully and number the following items in the right order according to the development of life on the earth.1human beings2785643A cloud of dust a solid ball presence of water on the water shellfish & other fish plants begin to grow on dry land insects and amphibians appear retiles appear dinosaurs appear mammals appearThe development of lifesmall plants growon the water appearshellfish & other fishplants begin to grow on drylandinsects and amphibians appearreptiles appeardinosaurs appearmammals appearsmall plantsshellfish and fishgreen plantsland animalsreptilesdinosaursmammalshumansmall plants in waterearly shellfishplantsanimals The evolution laws of life生物进化规律生物进化规律all sorts of fishearly shellfisha few kindsmany kindsplants in the waterplants on landwaterlandinsectsdinosaurs simplecomplex复杂的复杂的 lowadvanced高级的高级的达尔文达尔文 进化论进化论Darwins theory of evolution Fill in the blanks with the proper verbs: The arrival of _ encouraged the _of early _. Many millions of years later _ began to appear_. Later _ appeared. Some were_. Others called _,were able to live on lands well as _. When the plants grew into forests, _appeared for the first time. After they disappeared,_became more important. They were the last group of animals different from because they _from within their bodies.development shellfish and all sorts of fish on land land animalsamphibians dinosaurs mammals produced small plants the fist green plants insects in the sea1.What was there on the earth before life could begin? 2.What is fundamental to the development of life? And why? 3.Why were mammals different from other animals? 4.What problem do human beings bring about to the earth? Intensive readingCareful Reading1. What was there on the earth before life could begin? Water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases.2. What is fundamental to the development of life? And why? Water. Because it allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases into the oceans and seas. 3. Why were mammals different from other animals? They were different because they produced their young from within their bodies.4 What problem do human beings bring about to the earth? They put too much carbon dioxide into theatmosphere, and make the earth become too hot tolive on. If it continues, the life will be in danger.Q：What will happen if people dont protect the earth?Global warmingIce meltsSea level risesflood drought Solution:reduce the emission(排放排放) of carbon dioxidethe emission(排放排放) of carbon dioxidemaking electricity and heatingfueltransportationproduction&constructionSave electricity:Save water:Save fuel:Useful expressions: disposable(一次性的) products， environmental-friendly(环保的) products, save electricity, save water, turn offSentence Structures:Wed better Dont forget toIn my opinion, Please check thatMake sure that We must/mustntFor example:We must turn off lights when we leave the houseTry not to set off fireworks(烟火烟火)Wed better go to school by bus, by bike or on foot.We must plant more trees.Dont forget to turn off the tap(水龙头水龙头).We should use two-side paper.Wed better not use disposable chopsticks glovesPara2. 1 What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.2The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 3 They were in time to produce carbonand other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere.4 What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. appear v 出现出现,出版出版;似乎似乎,好像好像-A rainbow appeared in the sky after the rain.-The ad. will appear in tomorrows newspaper.-We expected him at 7 but he didnt appear until 9. appear (to be) + n / adj 似乎似乎,好像好像. to do 好像要做某事好像要做某事-She appears / seems to be happy at the good news appearance n. disappear vi. Para3. 5 It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.6 What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases.and seas. 7 This produced a chain reaction which made it possible for life to develop.Para 4 8 The small plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.9 Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water.= ,which were called amphibians.10 Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time.11 Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. remain +(to be) + n / adj 保持保持状态状态 remain to be seen 尚待分晓尚待分晓 -Lots of work remains to be done.12 These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.Para513 Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.thus adv 1 如此如此,这样这样; 2 于是于是,因而因而(放句首放句首)-Thus the war broke out.-We failed to find enough evidence; thus we concluded that he that he was innocent.14 They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.15 As a result of this, many scientists believe (that) the earth may become too hot to live on .16 Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. too to 太太而不能而不能. (表否定表否定)表肯定表肯定: 1 和表心情的和表心情的adj连用连用 2 与否定词连用与否定词连用-He is too / very happy to see you.-Its never too late to learn. 探究探究P72 cannot / can never . too. to do 不定式不定式: 可做句子中的主可做句子中的主,宾宾,表表,定定,状状,补补-To ask him for help is necessary.It is necessary to ask him for help. It is /was + adj +( for sb ) to do -His wish is to become a astronomer.-He found it important to study Russian. 常跟在常跟在want / begin/ help / manage / forget / remember to do 后做宾语后做宾语. to do 不做介词宾语不做介词宾语,除除but, except, besides之之外外.-He seldom comes except to look at my pictures.-We have no choice but to wait outside.- They could do nothing but ask for help. 不得不做某事不得不做某事: have no choice but to do cannot choose but do can / could do nothing but do-The meeting to be held is important.-Please give me a knife to cut with.-She has two girls to look after.-There is a warm shop to live in.常见考点常见考点: 1 to do做后置定语做后置定语,介词不可省介词不可省 2 主动表被动主动表被动 3 the + 序数词序数词+ to do 不定式做状语不定式做状语A: 目的状语目的状语: in order to ; so as to do B : 结果状语结果状语: only to do 常表意想不到的结果常表意想不到的结果C: 原因状语原因状语: 常搭配表心情的常搭配表心情的adj-He was too / very surprised to see how angry his father was.- I rushed into the station, only to find it pulling out.