学术讲演与学术讲演与PPT制作制作主要参考资料主要参考资料lHong Yang (杨杨 洪洪). Talking about Science: Oral Communication in Scientific CommunitylHall G M. How to Present at Meetings. Lond: BMJ Publishing Group, 2001lBooth V. Communicating in Science: Writing a Scientific Paper and Speaking at Scientific Meetings (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (清华大学出版社清华大学出版社1999年影印年影印)lYoung P. Writing and Presenting in English: The Rosetta Stone of Science. Boulevard: Elsevier, 2006Prepare a Presentation for an Expert PanelnUnderstand the goal and constitution of the panelnExperts: training, publication, and scientific contributionsnRelevant background informationnUnderstand your strengthnWhats to emphasize?How to Handle Questions?nThe best time for interaction (part of your talk)nListen to the entire question (ask for clarification if necessary)nKeep eye contact nGive an honest answernWhat if nobody asks a question?EffectiveVisualAidsnDesigned for oral presentationnLarge size fontsnOnly few wordsnGood contrastnInformative titles nColor themePPT的可视性的可视性n即使不讲解也能让他人明白其大致意思即使不讲解也能让他人明白其大致意思n层次分明、重点突出层次分明、重点突出，利用色彩及丰富的表现形式n提纲式的短语词组提纲式的短语词组，切忌使用大段文字n不可直接采用论文中的图表不可直接采用论文中的图表，曲线的标记或数值直接标在曲线旁边n重要的术语第一次出现要写明全称并注明简称重要的术语第一次出现要写明全称并注明简称，以后可用简称表述n行距不小于行距不小于1.2倍、避免文字动画和逐条闪入倍、避免文字动画和逐条闪入颜色的使用颜色的使用n内容颜色与背景色对比显著：内容颜色与背景色对比显著：深色 vs. 浅色n深色：深色：黑色、深蓝色、深褐色、深绿色、大红色、等n浅色：浅色：白色、浅黄等各类浅色n使用不同的色彩：使用不同的色彩：强调重点、增强层次n色彩的搭配：色彩的搭配：协调美观、色彩不宜太多 (最多4种)颜色的使用颜色的使用 vs. 颜色的使用颜色的使用n内容颜色：内容颜色：深色 vs. 浅色n内容颜色：内容颜色：深色 vs. 浅色n使用不同的色彩：使用不同的色彩：强调重点、增强层次n使用不同的色彩：使用不同的色彩：强调重点、增强层次深色背景示例字体与字号字体与字号n中文字体中文字体: 华文华文中宋、宋宋体、楷楷体, , 黑黑体, 等等n英文字体：英文字体：Arial, Tahoma, Times New Roman，etc.n字号字号: 一般要一般要24号或更大号或更大, 重要说明或文献可用小字号n大小标题、正文：大小标题、正文：字号依次减小-32号号-28号号-24号号-20号号n每张片子最好说明一个问题，每张片子最好说明一个问题，不宜堆积太多的内容nPPT数量：数量：每0.81.5 min讲解一张PPTPPT的独立性与兼容性的独立性与兼容性n不要给图表编号不要给图表编号, 以方便进行删减和顺序调整以方便进行删减和顺序调整n每张片上只放一个图或表每张片上只放一个图或表, 两个或多个有密切联系彼此说明问题图件可除外n多套多套PPT的风格应接近的风格应接近, 相互间兼容性要好相互间兼容性要好，可以页为单位可直接用在其他报告中n首单词的首字母大写，其余均小写首单词的首字母大写，其余均小写How to Make a Bad Presentation?nTalk to yourself and speak as fast as possiblenUsing small font for your slides and put as many information as you want in a single slidenRead notes or look at the roof of the room while talkingnSay as many “Aaaa” or “Nnnn.” as you want, so what?nYou are an experienced speaker, so that you never practice your talk in advancenUse up all the time allowed so that no one can ask you questionPractice,Practice,andPracticen“EVERYONE” needs rehearsalnTalk to a smaller group firstnAsk for feedbacknTime yourselfnMore practiceTake home messagenArrive early, always check the venue and equipmentnKeep eye contact and never apologizenSlow down and involve your audiencenBe yourselfnRehearse your presentationTalk low, Talk slow, And, dont say too much! John WayneThanks请批评指正!www.sciencenet.cn/blog/rensl.htm ( (科学网科学网科学网科学网) )结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！21