UNIT 2 NUMBERSModule 1 Amazing things自自 主主 预预 习习一、根据汉语写出英文单词一、根据汉语写出英文单词 1. 指示；命令 (n.) _2. 检查；核实 (v.) _3. 印度 (n.) _ 4. 数量；数额 (n.) _5. 充满智慧的 (adj.) _6. 剩余部分 (n.) _7. 代替；顶替 (adv.) _8. 许诺；承诺 (v.) _instructions checkIndiaamountwiserestinsteadpromise9. 抄写；誊写 (v.) _10. 认识到；意识到 (v.) _11. 准确无误地；正确地 (adv.) _12. 向 (某人) 挑战 (v.) _13. 交通(n.)_ 14. (使)加倍(v.) _15. 奖赏;奖品(n.) _ 16. 数字(n.)_copyrealizecorrectlychallenge trafficdoubleprizenumber二、根据汉语写出下列词组二、根据汉语写出下列词组1. 很早以前 _2. 向（某人）挑战 _3. 等等 _4. 命令某人做某事 _5. 赢了游戏 _6. 交通事故 _7. 抄写；誊写 _8. 下象棋 _a long time agochallengetoand so onorder sb. to do sth. win the gametraffic accidentcopy downplay chess9. 听从某人的建议 _10. 确实；毫无疑问地 _11. 承诺做某事 _12. 使用某物做某事 _ follow ones advicefor surepromise to do sth.use sth. to do sth.三、根据汉语补全下列句子，每空一词三、根据汉语补全下列句子，每空一词 1. 很久以前，在印度有一位国王。 _ _ _ _, there was a king in India. 2. 如果你赢了游戏，就可以要任何奖赏。You can _ _ _ if you win the game. 3. 难道你不想换为黄金或白银吗？ _ you _ gold or silver _?AlongtimeagohaveanyprizeWouldntlikeinstead4. 因此国王命令他的下人装好一袋米。So the king ordered his men _ _a bag of rice.5. 国王很快意识到这个问题。The king quickly _ _ _. 6. 除了一块空地我什么也看不见。I can see _ _ an empty field. 7. 3乘以9等于27。 Three _ _ nine _ twenty-seven. to collectrealizedtheproblemnothingbutmultipliedbyis8. 我们的数学老师用很多游戏来帮助我们学习。 Our Maths teacher uses a lot of games _ _ _ _. 9. 我认为我没有正确地抄写数学题。 I dont think I _ _ the Maths problems correctly. 10. 世界各地的人们用不同的方法书写数字。 People around the world write numbers _ _ _ . helpustostudycopieddownindifferentways要要 点点 梳梳 理理【词汇精析词汇精析】【1】This book gives instructions for making a wide range of skin and hand creams. 这本书给出了多种护肤这本书给出了多种护肤霜和护手霜的制作说明。霜和护手霜的制作说明。【同根词】（1）instruct v. 指示；指导He instructed me in English. 他指导我学英语。搭配：instruct sb. in (doing) sth. 教某人（做）某事His uncle instructed him in French. 他的叔叔教他法语。instruct sb. to do sth. 指示、吩咐某人做某事Dont instruct your son to lie. 别叫你的儿子说谎。（2）instructor n. 指导者；教员He is one of my training instructors. 他是我的其中一位训练导师。【辨析】teach, instruct, educate, coach, train与tutor这些动词均有“教；教育；培养”之意。（1）teach是最普通用词，含义广泛，指直接教某人知识或技能等，侧重传播知识和帮助应用知识。（2）instruct与teach含义很接近，但语体较正式，指系统、详细、精心地传播知识，侧重教授与指示。（3）educate为较正式用词，指教育，内容比teach广泛，侧重动机或结果，或对潜在能力的开发。（4）coach指对个人或小组等进行辅导、训练或补课。（5）train指训练与培养。（6）tutor指进行个别教学或课外辅导。【应用】He _ (instruction) me in learning English grammar last year. instructed【2】check v.& n. to look at something in order to make sure that it is right or correct 检查；核实检查；核实Check the accuracy of everything in your resume. 核查你简历中每一项的准确性。【拓展】(1) check up 检查；核对I will check up the figure. 我将核对一下这个数字。(2) check in 报到；到达登记We checked in at the airport an hour before our plane took off.我们在飞机起飞前1小时到达机场办理登机手续。(3)check out 结账离开They checked out ten minutes ago. 他们十分钟前就结账走了。【应用】( )Youd better ask the doctor to _ if you have a headache.A. check down B. check up C. check inB 【3】India n. a country in southern Asia surrounded on three sides by the Indian Ocean 印度印度 If you come to India for just one thing, this should be it. 如果你只为一件事来到印度，那就到这儿来吧。【同根词】Indian n. 印度人；印第安人adj. 印度的；印度人的；印第安人的She is an Indian. 她是印度人。【应用】He comes from a beautiful _ (India) town. Indian【4】wise adj. having understanding and good judgment about what is true or right 充满智慧的充满智慧的 She had made a very wise decision. 她做出了一个非常明智的决定。【同根词】wisdom n. 智慧This book is full of wisdom. 这本书充满了智慧。【拓展】wise其近义词为clever，bright和intelligent。 He is a wise/clever/bright man.=He is an intelligent man. 他是一个聪明的人。【应用】(1) With_(wise), we can make the right choice.(2) ( )She is so wise that she works out the problem. (选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)A. silly B. strong C. brightwisdomC【5】challenge v. to invite someone to enter a competition or to do something that requires courage or skill 向（某人）挑战向（某人）挑战 The new governments first challenge is the economy. 新政府面临的第一项挑战是经济问题。【同根词】(1) challenger n. 挑战者The champion beat the challenger in the second round. 冠军在第二回合把挑战者打败了。(2) challenging adj. 有挑战性的This work is challenging. 这份工作是有挑战性的。【拓展】challenge sb. to sth. 向某人挑战某事He challenges me to chess. 他向我挑战下象棋。【应用】He is a_(challenge) in the race.challenger 【6】promise v. to state, in a way that makes someone feel sure 许诺；承诺许诺；承诺Promise me you will not waste your time. 向我承诺你不会浪费你的时间。【拓展】(1) promise sb.+that从句 向某人许诺、保证I promise you that I will make it. 我向你保证我会做到的。(2) promise to do 承诺去做They promised to do better in the future. 他们承诺将来会做得更好。(3) make a promise 许下诺言If you make a promise, you should keep it! 如果作出承诺，你就应该去遵守！(4) break ones promise 食言He never breaks his promise. 他从不食言。【应用】He promised _(finish) the work on time. to finish【7】amount n. how much something is; quantity数数量；数额量；数额 He needs that amount of money to survive. 他需要那笔钱来维持生活。【拓展】an amount of 意为“许多的；相当数量的”，后面通常接不可数名词。He spent a large amount of money. 他花了很多钱。 【应用】( )It took her an amount of time to do the housework. (选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)A. a lot of B. many C. lot ofA【8】rest n. a piece or part that remains剩余部分；剩余部分；dont do anything active for a time 休息休息 The first payment was made yesterday, and the rest will be paid next month. 第一笔款昨天已支付，其余部分将在下个月支付。Youre worn out. Please go home and get some rest. 你累坏了。快回家休息一下吧。【拓展】(1) the rest of 剩余的Please put the rest of the books away. 请把剩余的书放好。(2) have a rest 休息一下You should have a rest after the work. 工作之余你应该休息一下。【辨析】have a rest与have a break rest和break都有“休息”的意思。have a rest 指长时间的休息；have/take a break表示短暂的休息。break的意思是“打断”，短语有have a break，常指在活动中间打断一下，稍停一停，比如工作间休息、课间休息、会议中间的休息，大家起来活动活动，过了10分钟、20分钟后还接着上班、上课、开会。rest的意思是“休息”，指的是工作、学习、玩耍之后累了，要休息休息，而且也不表示休息之后还要继续工作或学习等。【应用】( )There are some books here. Two are English books, the rest of them are Maths. (选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项) A. the best of B. the other of C. some of B【9】instead adv. in place of, or as an alternative to 代替；顶替代替；顶替 My husband asked why I couldnt just forget about dieting and eat normally instead. 丈夫问我为什么就不能忘掉节食而正常吃饭。【拓展】instead of=in place of 代替I went swimming instead of running. 我去游泳而不是跑步了。 【辨析】instead与instead of(1) instead 为副词，常放在句尾，若放在句首常用逗号隔开，用于表示前面的事没做，而做了后面的事。 He didnt go shopping. He went to the library instead. 他没去购物，而是去了图书馆。(2) instead of 为介词短语，后面要接被代替的内容(名词或动名词)。She read books instead of playing games yesterday. 昨天她看书了而不是玩游戏。【应用】(1) ( )He bought some books instead of DVDs. (选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)A. instead B. besides C. in place of (2) He went fishing instead of _ (go) hiking. Cgoing【10】realize v. to understand in a clear way or to suddenly understand认识到；意识到认识到；意识到People dont realize how serious this recession （经济衰退） has actually been.人们没有意识到这次经济衰退有多么严重。【同根词】realization n. 认识；领会；实现We shall gladly lend every effort in our power towards its realization. 我们将乐意为它的实现而竭尽全力。【拓展】realize=get to know He realized his mistake at last.=He got to know his mistake at last. 最后他意识到他的错误。【辨析】realize, recognize与know（1）realizerealize作为及物动词，可以表示“认识到；了解”的意思。He didnt realize his mistake until his mother told him. 直到妈妈告诉他，他才认识到自己的错误。She realizes now how hard you worked. 现在她了解你工作得多辛苦。realize还可以表示“实现；完成”的意思。The girl finally realized her dream of becoming an actress. 那个女孩当演员的梦想终于实现了。（2）recognizerecognize也可以用作及物动词，表示“认出；辨认；认识”的意思。 I recognized his voice. 我认出了他的声音。I recognized her as my friends daughter. 我认出她是我朋友的女儿。recognize还可以表示“清楚知道；认定”的意思。I recognized him to be cleverer than I am. 我清楚知道他比我聪明。 recognize还可以表示“承认”的意思。I recognize that I have been wrong. 我承认我错了。 They refused to recognize this government. 他们拒不承认这个政府。（3）knowknow表示“知道;了解;懂得”的意思。I knew she was against us. 我知道她反对我们。know表示“认识;熟悉”的意思。We have known each other for many years. 我们相互认识多年了。know表示“认出;辨别”的意思。（+by/from）I know right from wrong. 我能辨别是非。know表示“体验；经历”的意思。I have known hunger and hardships.我经历过饥饿和困苦。know表示“见到过；听到过”的意思。（仅用于过去时和完成时）I have never known him to lie. 我从没有听说过他撒谎。know表示“精通（语言等）”的意思。 He knows five languages. 他精通五种语言。【应用】( )Tom didnt realize he was wrong. (选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)A. achieve B. get to know C. tellB【11】correctly adv. rightly and truly 准确无误地；准确无误地；正确地正确地The writer expresses himself correctly in English. 这位作家用英语准确地表达自己的意思。【同根词】correct adj. 正确的 v. 改正You are correct. 你是对的。Please correct the mistakes. 请改正错误。【拓展】correctly=right/rightlyYou did it correctly.=You did it right/rightly. 你做得对。【应用】(1) Your answer is _ (correctly).(2) ( )I cant copy down the notes correctly. Could you help me? (选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)A. right B. wrong C. clearly correctA语语 法法 聚聚 焦焦【语法精讲语法精讲】数词数词1. 基数词和序数词基数词和序数词(1)我们用基数词来表示数量。表示几百/千/百万时，hundred, thousand, million 后不能加s，如：two hundred。百位和十位之间加and，十位和个位之间加“-”，如：five hundred and sixty-two （562）。(2)我们用序数词来表示顺序。通常情况下基数词+ -th 变为序数词,特殊的有: first(第一), second(第二), third(第三)， fifth(第五), eighth(第八), ninth(第九),twelfth(第十二)。整十的把y改为ie再加 -th, 如：twentytwentieth。2.数字运算的表达数字运算的表达Add 3 and 9. (3+9) Subtract 3 from 9. (9-3) Multiply 3 by 9. (39) Divide 9 by 3. (93) 3 plus 9 equals/is 12. (3+9=12)9 minus 3 equals/is 6. (9-3=6)3 multiplied by 9 equals/is 27. (39=27)9 divided by 3 equals/is 3. (93=3)注意：plus和minus为介词。3. 数词的其他表达用法归纳数词的其他表达用法归纳 (1)小数的表达，如：17.17读成 seventeen point one seven。(2)百分数的表达，如：28%读成twenty-eight per cent。(3)分数的表达，如： 读成one half; 读成one third; 读成two thirds。(4)日期的表达，如： Dec.11, 2009 读成December the eleventh, two thousand and nine。(5)时间的表达，如：1:15 读成one fifteen或a quarter past one; 1:45读成one forty-five或a quarter to two。(6)电话号码的表达，如：8484-8031 读成eight-four-eight-four eight-zero-three-one。4. 数词的部分使用要点归纳(1)表示“数以计”时，在hundred, thousand, million, billion后加-s+of+复数可数名词，如：hundreds of birds数以百计的鸟。注意这些词前不能再加基数词，如：two hundreds of是错误的。(2)用“整十”的复数来表达年代和某人年纪， 如：in the 1990s在20世纪90年代；in his twenties/20s在他20多岁时。(3)序数词前通常加the，也可以加形容词性物主代词，还可以加a/an表示“再；又”， 如：the second picture第二张图；his fifteenth birthday他的十五岁生日； try a third time再试一次（前面试过两次了）。【直击中考直击中考】( )1. I live in Room 403, Sam lives in the room right above mine, on the _floor. (2015广东) A. third B. three C. fifth D. five ( )2. Do you know the 10th China international culture industry fair _ last month? Yes, it attracted _ people all around the world. (2014深圳) A. hold; million B. held; millionsC. was hold; million of D. was held; millions ofCD( )3. Excuse me, sir. Heres a package for Lin Tao. Which room does he live in?_. (2013广东)A. 308 Room B. Room 308 C. The Room 308 D. The 308 Room( )4. Boys and girls, please turn to Page _ and look at the _ picture. (2015呼和浩特)A. Fifth; five B. Five; five C. Fifth; fifth D. Five; fifthBD( )5. It took _ people three months to build this great building. (2015安顺)A. two hundreds B. hundred of C. hundreds of D. two hundred of( )6. Tonys mum looks young and beautiful. Its hard to imagine she is already in her _ . (2015苏州)A. fifties B. fifty C. fiftieths D. fiftiethCA【写作乐园写作乐园】话题二话题二 有关描述数据的报告有关描述数据的报告【常用词组常用词组】1. rise to 上升到2. fall to 跌到3. go up上升4. come down下降5. luckily/unluckily幸运地/不幸地6. continue to do继续做7. go on to do继续做8. fromto 从到9. betweenand 在之间【精彩句型精彩句型】1. The graph shows Shenzhen AQI from Mar.9 to Mar.22. 这张图表显示了3月9号到3月22号深圳的空气质量指数。2. From the graph, we know the air quality in Shenzhen。从图表中我们可以了解深圳的空气质量。3. It continued to go up. 它继续上升。4. It fell to 20. 它下降到20。5. It rose to 50. 它上升到50。6. But luckily, the other days the air quality was moderate. 但幸运的是，其余的日子里空气质量是良。【短文写作短文写作】 请根据下面的图表提示，以“Shenzhen AQI (Mar.9Mar.22)”为题写一篇短文，介绍2016年3月9号到3月22号深圳AQI（空气质量指数）的变化, 指数050表示空气质量为优(good),51100表示空气质量为良（moderate），指数大于100表示空气质量为差(unhealthy)。要求：语意连贯，条理清晰，不少于70词。Shenzhen AQI (Mar.9Mar.22)_【写作指导写作指导】 此篇作文是根据图表柱状图写一篇说明文，主要内容是将柱状图中的数据和图表所包含的信息转化为表意的说明文字。 在写作过程中要明确以下几点： (1)注意图例说明和坐标刻度所提示的信息，同时要选用一般过去时来写。(2)图表和数据内容不必全部描述，要善于抓住总规律和趋势。(3)开门见山点明图表所反映的主题；之后呈现数据和结果，要注意层次性；最后适当归纳总结。【范文赏析范文赏析】 Shenzhen AQI(Mar.9Mar.22) The graph shows Shenzhen AQI from Mar.9 to Mar.22, 2016. The AQI was 29 on Mar.9.On Mar.10, it rose to 50 and it continued to go up to 80 on Mar.12. Then it fell to 54. But on Mar.15, the AQI rose to 90 again. It came down to 68 on Mar.22. From the graph, we know the air quality was good for only two days, Mar.9 and Mar.10. But luckily, the other days the air quality was moderate. The air quality was not unhealthy all these days.