Module 2No Drugs第一板块重点单词第一板块重点单词1. addict n. 对对(药物等药物等)上瘾的人上瘾的人; 瘾君子瘾君子(1)be/become/get addicted to. . . 沉迷于沉迷于; 热爱热爱, 迷上迷上(2)addictive adj. (药物等药物等)上瘾的上瘾的(3)addiction n. 瘾瘾, 入迷入迷, 嗜好嗜好【即时训练【即时训练】单句语法填空单句语法填空For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an _ (addict). A textaholic(短信控短信控) can be defined as someone who is _(addict) to sending and receiving messages. addictionaddictedThe doctor shouldnt give patients some _ drugs. 医生不应该给病人一些使人上瘾的药物。医生不应该给病人一些使人上瘾的药物。addictive【误区点拨【误区点拨】(1)addicted, addiction常与介词常与介词to连用连用, 后跟名词、代词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。或动名词作宾语。(2)addicted常修饰人常修饰人; addictive常修饰物。常修饰物。2. likely adj. 可能的可能的sb. /sth. be likely to do. . . 某人某人/某物可能会某物可能会It is likely that. . . 很可能很可能【即时训练【即时训练】完成句子完成句子(2016浙江高考浙江高考)_ that babies are not born knowing the basic fact of the universe. 可能孩子不是天生就知道宇宙的基本事实。可能孩子不是天生就知道宇宙的基本事实。It is likely/possible/probable(2016江苏高考江苏高考)Heavy rains _ cause surface flooding and other disasters. 大雨很有可能会导致地面泛流和其他灾害。大雨很有可能会导致地面泛流和其他灾害。are likely toWould she mind playing against her former teammates? 她会介意和以前的队友对垒吗她会介意和以前的队友对垒吗? _. She is willing to play against any tough players. 当然不会。她喜欢与任何强劲的选手比赛。当然不会。她喜欢与任何强劲的选手比赛。Not likely【知识拓展【知识拓展】表示表示“可能可能”的另外的两个词的用法的另外的两个词的用法It is possible to do sth. /that. . . It is probable that. . . 例如例如: 他可能明天会完成这项任务。他可能明天会完成这项任务。It is likely that he will finish the task tomorrow. He is likely to finish the task tomorrow. It is possible that he will finish the task tomorrow. It is probable that he will finish the task tomorrow. Its possible for him to finish the task tomorrow. 3. affect vt. 影响影响; 对对有坏影响有坏影响; (疾病疾病)侵袭侵袭; 使感动使感动(1)be affected by 被被打动打动; 被被(疾病疾病)侵袭侵袭be affected with a high fever 发高烧发高烧(2)effectn. 影响影响have an effect on 对对有影响有影响【即时训练【即时训练】完成句子完成句子(2016浙江高考浙江高考)What kind of education can be meaningful to young people _? 对于受到分歧影响的年轻人对于受到分歧影响的年轻人, 什么样的教育才有意义什么样的教育才有意义? affected by conflict The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _. 这本书透过那些生活受到影响的人的视角讲述了地震这本书透过那些生活受到影响的人的视角讲述了地震的故事。的故事。whose lives were affected(2016四川高考四川高考)These hormones also _ the heart and blood flow. 这些荷尔蒙也对心脏和血流产生积极的影响。这些荷尔蒙也对心脏和血流产生积极的影响。It is cold. Be careful not _. 天气特别冷天气特别冷, 当心不要感染流感。当心不要感染流感。 positive effect onto be affected by fluhave a【易混辨析【易混辨析】affect动词动词( (及物及物), ), 其宾语往往是被影响的人。主要指一时的影响其宾语往往是被影响的人。主要指一时的影响, , 着重影响的动作着重影响的动作, , 可指可指一般意义的影响一般意义的影响( (不分好坏不分好坏), ), 也可指不良影响也可指不良影响effect名词名词( (可数或不可数可数或不可数), ), have an effect on=affectinfluence表示表示“影响影响”, , 主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。既是动主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。既是动词词( (及物及物) )也是名词也是名词4. recognise vt. 认识认识; 认知认知; 认出认出; 承认承认; 认可认可(1)recognise sb. /sth. by/from. . . 根据根据认出某人认出某人/某物某物be recognised to be/as. . . 被认作被认作/被认为被认为是是recognise+that. . . 承认承认, 认可认可It is recognised that. . . 人们公认人们公认(2)recognition n. 认识认识; 认出认出out of/beyond recognition 认不出来认不出来【即时训练【即时训练】完成句子完成句子(2016江苏高考江苏高考)_ Kurt wasnt just trying to make a sale. 我们意识到我们意识到Kurt并非想要做成这桩生意。并非想要做成这桩生意。We recognised that(2015全国卷全国卷)James Brindley _one of the leading early canal engineers. James Brindley被认为是早期的主要的运河工程师被认为是早期的主要的运河工程师之一。之一。is recognised asMy hometown has changed _since I was last here. 自从我上次离开这里以来自从我上次离开这里以来, 我的家乡已经变得让人我的家乡已经变得让人认不出来了。认不出来了。beyond recognition【知识拓展【知识拓展】表示表示“认为认为是是”的短语还有的短语还有: regard. . . as. . . consider. . . as. . . see. . . as. . . view. . . as. . . think of. . . as. . . . look on. . . as. . . treat. . . as. . . think. . . to be. . . 5. reduce vt. 减少减少; 降低降低reduce. . . to. . . 把把减少到减少到reduce. . . by. . . 把把减少了减少了be reduced to. . . 沦落为沦落为; 陷入某种状态陷入某种状态【误区点拨【误区点拨】在在reduce to/by. . . 中中, to后接减少后的总量后接减少后的总量, 而而by后后接减少的差额。接减少的差额。【即时训练【即时训练】介词填空介词填空The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions(排放排放) _ 80 percent by 2050. (2014全国卷全国卷)The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced _40 _ 9. byfromtoHe did nothing all day long and_ borrowing money to live. (完成句子完成句子)他整天无事可做他整天无事可做, 沦落到靠借钱过日子的地步。沦落到靠借钱过日子的地步。(2016江苏高考江苏高考)Simple improvements to infrastructure can reduce the spread of disease. 译译: 基础设施的简单改善可以基础设施的简单改善可以_。was reduced to减少疾病的扩散减少疾病的扩散6. ban vt. 禁止禁止; 取缔取缔 n. 禁令禁令(1)ban sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事禁止某人做某事ban doing sth. 禁止做某事禁止做某事(2)a ban on . . . 有关有关的禁令的禁令put a ban on禁止禁止【即时训练【即时训练】完成句子完成句子The government has _ the import of ivory. 政府已经颁布了一条对象牙的进口禁令。政府已经颁布了一条对象牙的进口禁令。put a ban onMark Twain himself wrote that those who_ considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums. 马克马克吐温自己写道吐温自己写道, 那些禁止那些禁止(出版出版)这本书的人这本书的人认为这部小说是垃圾认为这部小说是垃圾, 仅适合于贫民窟。仅适合于贫民窟。banned the bookThere is _ increasing the price of goods by design in Qingdao. 青岛出台了一个新的禁止故意抬高商品价格的禁令。青岛出台了一个新的禁止故意抬高商品价格的禁令。The driver declared guilty may be fined a maximum of HK$25, 000 or temporarily banned _ driving. (介词填空介词填空)a new ban onfrom【知识拓展【知识拓展】表示表示“禁止某人做某事禁止某人做某事”的短语还有的短语还有: forbid sb. to do sth. 表示表示“阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事”的短语的短语: stop/prevent/keep/discourage sb. from doing sth. 第二板块常考短语句式第二板块常考短语句式1. break into 破门而入破门而入; 强行闯入强行闯入; 突然突然起来起来break away from突然逃脱突然逃脱; 脱离脱离break in打断打断; 插嘴插嘴; 闯入闯入break out爆发爆发; 突然发生突然发生break through突围突围; 突破突破; 冲垮冲垮break down (身体身体)垮掉垮掉; (机器机器)出故障出故障; (化学化学)分解分解break up破碎破碎; 散开散开, 解散解散【即时训练【即时训练】单句语法填空单句语法填空One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking _ into action only sure that it will do so sometime. Scientists say they are beginning to break _in the fight against cancer. outthroughIf your car break _, just sit tight and wait for the police to come along. down完成句子完成句子They were discussing something important_. 他们正在谈论重要的事情他们正在谈论重要的事情, 这时突然一名男子这时突然一名男子闯了进来。闯了进来。when a man broke inWe arrived at work in the morning and found that Somebody _ the office during the night. 我们在早晨到达工作地点时发现有人在我们在早晨到达工作地点时发现有人在(前一天前一天)晚上晚上闯进了办公室。闯进了办公室。had broken into【误区点拨【误区点拨】break in和和break into都有都有“闯入闯入”的意思。的意思。break in中的中的in为副词为副词, 为不及物动词短语为不及物动词短语, 后不跟宾语后不跟宾语; break into中的中的into为介词为介词, 后要跟宾语。后要跟宾语。2. give up 戒除戒除; 放弃放弃; 让给让给; 停止停止give sth. up to 把把让给让给(献给献给)give away泄露泄露(机密机密); 暴露暴露; 分发分发(奖品等奖品等)give in屈服屈服, 让步让步give in to屈服于屈服于, 向向让步让步give off发出气味、热、光等发出气味、热、光等give out用完用完, 用尽用尽; 分发分发; 分布分布give back归还归还【即时训练【即时训练】单句语法填空单句语法填空(2016天津高考天津高考)I told her she shouldnt swim after a whole nights coughing, but she refused to give _and insisted she go. (2016四川高考四川高考)If you dont want to read it, give it _. upback(2016全国卷全国卷)On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus _ a passenger. (2016北京高考北京高考)Universities have given _ to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home. I knew that nothing would ever discourage him; he would never give up _ (want) to be a director. toinwanting【误区点拨【误区点拨】give up后跟名词、代词、后跟名词、代词、v. -ing形式作宾语形式作宾语, 代词代词要放在要放在give up的中间。的中间。3. belong to属于属于belong to两注意两注意(1)belong to中的中的to为介词为介词, 后主要接名词或代词。后主要接名词或代词。(2)belong to不用于进行时态也没有被动形式。作定语不用于进行时态也没有被动形式。作定语时时, 一般要用一般要用belonging to. . . 。【即时训练【即时训练】单句语法填空单句语法填空Some years ago, the group _which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company. The building _to his family can date back to the last century. tobelonging完成句子完成句子(2016全国卷全国卷)Think of the people who _. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. 想想那些属于读书小组的人。他们选择书籍读并在想想那些属于读书小组的人。他们选择书籍读并在一起讨论所读内容。一起讨论所读内容。book groupsbelong to4. I couldnt agree more. 我非常同意我非常同意/我再同意不过了。我再同意不过了。(1)cant/couldnt+比较级比较级, 该句型表示该句型表示“非常非常; 不不能再能再”, 表达最高级的含义。表达最高级的含义。(2)表示最高级意义的常用结构还有表示最高级意义的常用结构还有: 【即时训练【即时训练】完成句子完成句子No one _; he has a heart of gold. 没有人能比他更慷慨大方了没有人能比他更慷慨大方了, 他拥有一颗金子般高尚他拥有一颗金子般高尚的心灵。的心灵。One _. 活到老学到老。活到老学到老。 could be more generousis never too old to learn5. _ when you want to smoke-do something else! 当你想抽烟时当你想抽烟时, 无论你在做什么无论你在做什么, (停下来去停下来去)找点儿别找点儿别的事做的事做! Whatever youre doing(1)whatever在本句中引导让步状语从句在本句中引导让步状语从句, 其含义相当于其含义相当于no matter what, 意为意为“不管什么不管什么, 无论什么无论什么”, 其位置其位置可在主句前可在主句前, 也可在主句后。也可在主句后。(2)whatever还可引导名词性从句还可引导名词性从句, 此时不能换成此时不能换成no matter what。【即时训练【即时训练】句型转换句型转换No matter what you do, dont be a bystander. =(2016四川高考四川高考)_ you do, dont be a bystander. WhateverNo matter what our circumstances are, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires. =_ our circumstances are, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires. I will do a good job in anything that I do. =(2014全国卷全国卷)I will do a good job in _ I do. Whateverwhatever【知识拓展【知识拓展】“疑问词疑问词+ever”小结小结(1)whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever既可引导既可引导名词性从句名词性从句, 也可引导让步状语从句也可引导让步状语从句, 在引导让步状语在引导让步状语从句时相当于从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。Whoever (Anyone who) breaks the law should be punished. 任何违法的人都要受到惩罚。任何违法的人都要受到惩罚。 (2)whenever, wherever, however引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句, 相相当于当于no matter when/where/how。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us. 每当我们遇到困难的时候每当我们遇到困难的时候, 他们都会来帮助我们。他们都会来帮助我们。(3)however相当于相当于no matter how。句式结构为。句式结构为: however+形容词形容词/副词副词+主语主语+谓语。谓语。However great the difficulties are, we must complete the task in time. 不管困难有多大不管困难有多大, 我们都必须及时完成任务。我们都必须及时完成任务。