Unit 4 GrammarThe Use of -ing Form (3)动词动词动词动词- -inging 形式在句中作定语和状语是形式在句中作定语和状语是形式在句中作定语和状语是形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。本单元的学习重点。本单元的学习重点。本单元的学习重点。1. 1. 作定语作定语作定语作定语 动词动词动词动词- -inging 形式可以单独充当名词的前置形式可以单独充当名词的前置形式可以单独充当名词的前置形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语修饰语修饰语修饰语, , 这时有两种情况。这时有两种情况。这时有两种情况。这时有两种情况。1.1.(1)(1)动动动动词词词词- -inging形式表示形式表示形式表示形式表示 “ “供作供作供作供作.之之之之用用用用” ”的意的意的意的意2.2. 思思思思, , 这类作定语的这类作定语的这类作定语的这类作定语的- -inging形式过去叫动形式过去叫动形式过去叫动形式过去叫动名词。名词。名词。名词。 a a swimmingswimming pool pool = a pool for swimming = a pool for swimminga a sleepingsleeping car car= a car for sleeping= a car for sleeping(2)动词动词-ing形式表示形式表示 “.的的” 意意思思, 过过 去叫现在分词。去叫现在分词。 a sleeping child working people the rising sun动词动词-ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后修饰的名词之后, 相当于一个定语从句。相当于一个定语从句。如如: They are visitors coming from several countries. The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.(1)(1)Four people entered the room looking Four people entered the room looking (2)(2) around in a curious way. around in a curious way. = Four people enter the room and looked = Four people enter the room and looked around in a curious way. around in a curious way.(2)Being poor, he couldnt afford a TV set.(2)Being poor, he couldnt afford a TV set. 原因原因2. 2. 作状语作状语作状语作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、行为方式或伴随动作等。行为方式或伴随动作等。行为方式或伴随动作等。行为方式或伴随动作等。伴随动作伴随动作(3)Working hard, youll surely succeed.条件条件(4)The boy sat in front of the farm- house, cutting the branch.伴随伴随(5)He came running back to tell me the news. 方式方式(6)(When) Hearing the news, he got (6)(When) Hearing the news, he got frightened. frightened. =When he heard the news, he got =When he heard the news, he got frightened. frightened. (7)The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. 结果结果时间时间, 可以在分词前保留可以在分词前保留whenAttention Please 动词动词-ing形式作状语时形式作状语时, 它的逻辑主语它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。必须与主句的主语是一致的。Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city. (分词的逻辑主语是分词的逻辑主语是time, 而句子的主语而句子的主语是是I, 两者不构成主谓关系两者不构成主谓关系, 所以只能用所以只能用独立主格结构独立主格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。一个主语。)You see her step back appearing surprised.His nose touchesMr. Cooks moving hand.You see her step back appearing surprised.=You see her step back and she appears surprised.His nose touched Mr. Cooks moving hand.=His nose touched Mr. Cooks hand which is moving.They also express their feelings using unspoken language.=They also express their feelings by the way of using unspoken language.=They are visitors who come from several countries.They are visitors coming from several countries. 1. The stranger said something in a _ voice and the little girl was very much _. A. frightening, frightened B. frightened, frightening C. frightening, frightening D. frightened, frightened单选单选 2. _the piano, someone suddenly knocked at the door. A. Playing B. When I was playing C. Repairing D. Examining 3. Mother caught the boy _ in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. being smoked D. smoking 4. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another 2 weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed5. “We cant go out in this weather”, said Bob, _ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 6. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 7. The bell _ the end of the period rang, _ our heated discussion. A. indicating; interrupting B. indicated; interrupting C. indicating; interrupted D. indicated; interrupted 8. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 9. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 10. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 11. _in the queue of half an hour. Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 12. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. Having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 13. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. _ _ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. Rewrite the following sentences.When approaching2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages. The person _ _ _can speak seven languages.translating the songs3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body language. The boy _ _ _ there is reading a book about body language.who is standing4. Because he comes from Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question. _ _ Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.Coming fromUsing structureshold in arms, cry, appear sad The woman holds her son in arms, crying and appearing very sad. The woman cries loudly, holding her son in arms.box, hit on the face, move, stepsThe two boxing men try to hit the other on the face, moving their steps carefully.ski, laugh, excitingThey are skiing down the hill, laughing all the way. What an exciting scene it is!dance, sing, raise arms up, amazing musicThey are dancing to amazing music, singing and raising their arms.Koala Bear, carry, climb, search for foodCarrying her little baby on the back, the mother Koala Bear climbs up the trees, searching for food. 1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.Not havingworkingSeeingspeaking改错改错5. “Cant you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6. Knocking at the door before entering, please.7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.pointingKnockmaking