Vocabulary LearningStatistics show that more than 800million people go to bed hungryevery day.statistic 数据数据(常复数常复数)It is easy for people to get sunburntin summer. sunburnt adj.晒黑的晒黑的 Life is a struggle. struggle v./n.斗争；拼搏；努力斗争；拼搏；努力To struggle for my dream, I have tostruggle with/against many difficulties. struggle with/against sb./sth.与与.斗争斗争The armless man struggles to supporthis family by running a small shop. struggle to do sth.努力去做努力去做;挣扎着去做挣扎着去做The milkman struggles to make ends meet by delivering milk.struggle to make ends meet勉强维持生计勉强维持生计The dog cant struggle to its feethowever hard it tries.struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来挣扎着站起来They have been in love for a decade. decade n.十年十年Statistics show the output of cars inthe first 8 months of our country hasgone beyond 10 million. output n. 产量；输出产量；输出Farmers grow different crops .crop n. 庄稼；农作物庄稼；农作物 Yuan Longping - Father of super hybrid rice. 杂交水稻之父杂交水稻之父The professor broke down under the strain of overwork.strain 压力；张力；植物的品种，种类压力；张力；植物的品种，种类die of hunger 死于饥饿死于饥饿There is one child dying of hungerevery second across the globe. Do you hunger? I feel hungry. hunger v. 饥饿饥饿What does the little girl hunger for? hunger for sth. 渴望某物渴望某物 = have a hunger for sth.Most disturbing of all was the huge gapbetween the rich and the poor.disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的引起烦恼的；令人不安的 Please dont disturb us while we arehaving a class.disturb vt. 打扰；扰乱；妨碍打扰；扰乱；妨碍 The eagle expanded its wings.expand vt.伸开；展开；扩展伸开；展开；扩展- n. expansion Starting as a small family factory, it hasexpanded into an international company. expand (.) into.(使使)扩展为扩展为. circulate vt./vi.循环循环 What does it mean if your blood stop circulating in your body?Their divorce quickly circulated. Who circulated the news? circulate vt./vi.传播；流传传播；流传 Thanks to you, I never feel lonely in this lonely world. thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为幸亏；由于；因为 All people worked together to battlewith/ against the natural disaster for abetter tomorrow.battle n./v.战斗战斗 Effective measures should be taken to rid the world of hunger. rid.of. 使使.摆脱摆脱./除去除去 People are wondering how to help theworld get rid of poverty.get rid of 摆脱；除去摆脱；除去be satisfied with 对对.满意满意I am 100% satisfied with you for yourperformance is satisfying/ satisfactory. freedom n.自由自由 The Statue of Liberty stands for freedom.therefore adv.因此；因而因此；因而He was busy. Therefore, he couldnt come. equip.with.(for sth.)(为了为了.)用用.武装武装/装备装备.We should equip ourselves withenough knowledge for a better future.The hospital is equipped with the latestmedical equipment.be equipped with 装备着装备着;具有具有 a grain of.一粒一粒.The old woman is picking grains of rice in order not to waste grain(粮食粮食).export n./v.出口出口-import 进口进口China is a big country to export tea toother countries.中国是茶叶出口大国。中国是茶叶出口大国。-Whats your nationality?-Im Chinese. nationality 国籍国籍-Whats his occupation?-He is a chef.occupation 职业职业During World War Two, Japaneseoccupied Vietnam. The occupation led totwo million people dying of hunger.occupation n.占领占领- v. occupy He is occupied with national andinternational affairs.be occupied with sth. 忙于某事忙于某事occupy oneself with sth.忙于某事忙于某事 He is occupied in dealing with nationaland international affairs.be occupied in doing sth. 忙于某事忙于某事occupy oneself in doing sth.忙于某事忙于某事 They look alike in appearance, butdiffer in personality.in personality/ character 在性格上在性格上How to solve the problem confuses him.The problem is confusing.He is confused about the problem.Dont confuse “sign” with “sigh”.confuse . with.把把.和和.弄混淆弄混淆 = mix.up with. Do you have any regrets about your life? regret n. 遗憾；后悔遗憾；后悔 to ones regret 让某人后悔的是让某人后悔的是 I never regret meeting you having met you.regret doing/ having done 后悔做了后悔做了 I reget to inform you that youre fired.regret to do 很遗憾去做很遗憾去做. Some bacteria are beneficial whilesome are harmful.bacteria 细菌细菌(复数复数) bacterium(单数单数) Doing Kung fu is a good way to build up your body. build up ones body 强身健体强身健体Build up your confidence and your dream is not far away. build up confidence 树立信心树立信心 The book deals with food nutritionand health care.nutrition n.营养营养(不可数不可数)Our body needs a variety of mineralsand vitamins. mineral 矿物质矿物质Wherever she goes, she is the focus of attention. focus n. 焦点；中心点焦点；中心点He finds its difficult for him to focus(his attention) on one thing for longerthan five minutes.focus (attention) on sth.集中注意力于集中注意力于With her attention _ on herhandwriting, she almost forgets everything. focused She managed to reduce her weight _20 pounds.She managed to reduce her weight _100 pounds from 120 pounds. by to reduce v. 减少减少reduction n.减少减少We should keep ourselves free fromdrugs. keep.free from/of.使使.免受免受(影响影响,伤害等伤害等);使使.不含不含(有害物质等有害物质等)Uncleanliness is the root of variousdiseases.不注意清洁是各种疾病的根源。不注意清洁是各种疾病的根源。root n.根；根源根；根源His rudeness roots in his lack ofeducation. root in sth. 根源于根源于 Do you know how to underline somewords on the computer? underline v. 画底线标出；画底线标出；强调强调In summary, helping others is helping yourself. in summary 总之总之 No comment !When you say “No comment”, youwont comment on sth or you wontmake any comments on sth. comment v. / n. 评论评论No comment. 无可奉告无可奉告comment on sth. 对对.作出评论作出评论make comments on sth.对对.作出评论作出评论A PoemFarmers weeding at noon,Sweat down the field soon.Who knows food on a tray,Due to their toiling day.Do you know how rice is grown?ploughing（犁田）（犁田） seeding （播种）（播种）fertilizing(施肥施肥)irrigating(灌溉灌溉)harvestingRice is the main food in China.Once an American, came up with the theory of Chinese Menace(威胁威胁) that in the 2030s, Chinese population would add up to 1.6 billion, and it would be impossible to feed such a large population in China as well as in the world.Just at that time, a Chinese scientist declared to the world that the Chinese could solve the feeding problem by themselves and help to solve the same problem in the world.How did he solve this problem?Super Hybrid RiceSuper Hybrid Ricethe rice that has a high outputAtomic bombs prevent the Chinese from being threatened.Yuan Longping prevents the Chinese from going hungry.Father of Hybrid RicePersonal informationName:Nationality:Age:Occupation:Education:Achievement:Hobbies:Dreams:Yuan LongpingChinesePersonal informationName:Nationality:Birth:Age:Occupation:Education:Personality:Yuan LongpingChinese in 1930; in a poor family87Scientist of farmingSouthwest Agriculture College,in 1953care little about money and fameAchievement:grow rice that has a high outputPersonal informationHobbies:playing his violinlistening to violin musicplaying mah-jongswimmingDreams: His first dream His second dreamThe first dreamThe second dreamrice plants as tall assorghumto export his riceso that his it can begrown around the globeWrite down the main idea of each paragraph.ParaMain Idea1His _2His _3His _4His _ appearance and achievements birth, education and research personality dreams1 Why did Yuan Longping want to increase the rice output when he was young?Because he saw many people go hungry when he was young.Answer Q1-4 on P ?.2 Is Dr Yuan more of a scientist or more of a farmer? Do you think he is a businessman? Give your reasons.I think he is more of a scientist, although he works in the fields like a farmer. I do not think he is a businessman, because his main purpose is not to make money for himself but to study agriculture and use that knowledge to improve farming for farmers everywhere. 3 How would you describe Dr Yuans personality? Use three or four adjectives. Patient, careful, determined, kind, selfless and so on.4 What do you think is the main reason for Dr Yuans success? Because he kept working and did not give up. Explain the sentences in your own words in Part 2 on P?1. As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.Even when he was a young man, he knew how necessary it was to produce more rice.2. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.During his early years, much of thecountryside was troubled by hunger.3 Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.By using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing twice as much rice as before.4. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.He is not interested in buying things forhimself or in having a comfortable life. 5. Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.It does not cost anything to dream for something. between Dr Yuan Longping and Jane GoodallSimilarities1. They spend their lifetime on their researches.2. They make great contributions to mankind and the whole world.3. They have their dreams and make great efforts to make them true.4. They both lead a busy life.5. They love their work with their pure love.6. Theyre selfless and seldom think of themselves. 7. During the work, they never give up but just keep on, so theyre determined. Language points1. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.句中的句中的those是为了避免重复，代替前面出现是为了避免重复，代替前面出现的的sunburnt face and arms、 slim, strong body。 for whom he has struggled for the past five decades是非限制性定语从句，修饰是非限制性定语从句，修饰Chinese farmers2. In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.常用动词不定式作定语修饰序数词后的名词常用动词不定式作定语修饰序数词后的名词他是他村里第一个上大学的学生。他是他村里第一个上大学的学生。He was the first student to go to college in his village.她是最后一个离开办公室的人。她是最后一个离开办公室的人。She was the last person to leave the office.中国是第一个制造纸的国家。中国是第一个制造纸的国家。China was the first country to make paper.3. Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.66% of the earths surface _ (be) made up of water. 66% of the workers _ (be) women.isare4. Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.过去分词短语过去分词短语produced in China each year 作定语修饰作定语修饰rice, 两者之间是被动关系。两者之间是被动关系。非谓语作定语，多考察和被修饰名词之非谓语作定语，多考察和被修饰名词之间的关系，主动用间的关系，主动用ing，被动用过去分词。，被动用过去分词。1.I like reading the novels _(write) by Mark Twain. 2. It was a small book _(explain) how to cut the death rate from giving birth to babies.3.She had been busy in her _(choose) career.4.Have you noticed the _(sleep) boy over there?writtenexplainingchosensleeping5.We lived in a room _(face) the south.6.Women _(look) after small children usually get paid by the month.7.The professor _(refer) to at the meeting will come tomorrow.8.What are the problems _(cause) by chemical fertilizers? facinglookingreferredcaused5. Yuan Longping is now circulating his knowledge in Vietnam and many other less developed countries. Yuan Longping is now circulating his knowledge in Vietnam and many other developing countries.非谓语作定语，动作正在进行用非谓语作定语，动作正在进行用ing，动作，动作已完成用过去分词。已完成用过去分词。1.The _(fall) leaves are like butterflies dancing in the air. 2.The _(fall) leaves covered the ground like a golden carpet.3.Many people have to rent a house in face of increasing housing prices.4.These increased harvests mean that 22% of the worlds people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in the world.fallingfallen5. Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. ridof 使使摆脱；清除摆脱；清除I want to rid this city of pollution. The man rid himself of debt. 类似用法动词：类似用法动词：inform / warn / cureof,The sales manager asked his men to inform him of everything concerning the sales in time.Chemical farming or organic farming?Which kind of farming makes green food? Why? chemical farming organic farming*grown in _ air*free of p_*_ _ nutrition*do _ to peoples health and the e_cleanollutionrich ingoodnvironmentadvantages of organic farmingRead the passage quickly first to find out the main idea of each part.Part 1 (Para. 1-2): Part 2 (Para. 3-4):Organic farming and its advantagesProblems caused by chemical fertilizersRead the text again and answer the questions in Part 1 on P 14.1. Why are chemical fertilizers so popular in farming today?2.What problems can be caused by using chemical fertilizers?3.What is organic farming?4.What is the main reason for using organic farming methods?1. Why are chemical fertilizers so popular in farming today?They are a great way to stop crop disease and increase production.2. What problems can be caused by using chemical fertilizers?They can damage the land by killing helpful bacteria and pets and by staying in the ground and underground water for a long time. They damage peoples health by building up in their bodies and leading to cancer or other illnesses. 3. What is organic farming?Organic farming means growing crops without using any chemicals.The main reason for using organic farming methods is to grow good food and to avoid damaging the environment or peoples health.4. What is the main reason for using organic farming methods?Find and write down the methods and advantages in the passage.1.This makes the soil richer in minerals and so more fertile.2. Farmers often change the kind of crop in each field every few years.2. Changing the crops renews the minerals in the soil and helps it become rich and healthy.Methods of organic farmingAdvantages of methods1. Farmers use natural waste from animals.3. This uses different levels of soil.4. Farmers sometimes plant grass between crops and leave it in the ground.4. This prevents wind or water from carrying away soil and acts as a natural fertilizer.Methods of organic farmingAdvantages of methods3. Farmers plant crops with different lengths of roots. Farmers proverbs & sayings1. No weather is ill, if the wind be still.2. Yellow sky at sunset, wind in the morrow.3. Rain before seven, clear by eleven.4. April showers bring May flowers.5. Deeds are fruits, words are but leaves.6. The best ground bears weeds as well as flowers.7. Never cackle unless you lay.1.提高产量提高产量2.某物的长期使用某物的长期使用3.致力于有机种植致力于有机种植4.natural waste from animals5.每几年每几年increase productionlong-term use of sthturn to organic farming动物的粪便动物的粪便every few years1. This affects crops since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off.2. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that needs rich and fertile soil.